Various methods have been attempted to analyze broadcasting programs, but each has advantages and disadvantages, which makes researchers keep exploring the methodology. Under these circumstances, the ...author examine whether “rhetoric” can serve as an auxiliary line to help analyze multifaceted texts for broadcasting programs. Since ancient Greek times, rhetoric has been studied as a method for expressing and communicating messages, and the system of classical rhetoric including metaphor, comparison, and repetition has been adapted in secondary education in Europe. The 19th century saw the demise of rhetoric, but rhetoric revived in the late 20th century as people realized rhetoric is deeply related to how people perceive things.Rhetorical analysis on television is said to be incorporated into semiotics analysis and cultural studies that became popular in the 2000s, but rhetoric is now expected to serve as an useful method to help understand the implicit and intellectual process of program production because it has been developed as a practical science for public speaking and expression and thus is easy to understand for people involved in program production. At the same time, since rhetoric has a potential to be expanded to the fields of semiology and epistemology, it can also serve as a common foundation that bridges production and academism.Rhetoric functions as grammar, especially in the world of visual expression, which allows program analysis focusing on rhetoric such as metaphor and metonymy. As better environment for analyzing individual programs is being developed by program archives, it is important to cultivate the potential of rhetoric as an auxiliary line.
Cystoscopy using white light is a standard procedure for diagnosing bladder cancer; however, white light can result in missed lesions that are present, but not visible, such as in cases of carcinoma
...(CIS). In this case report, we describe observing the nuclei of urothelial carcinoma cells
that were not visible with cystoscopy under white light using probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) with acrinol and fluorescein during transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TURBT).
A 59-year-old male with a medical history of neurogenic bladder dysfunction with multiple bladder diverticula was referred to the urology department for gross hematuria. TURBT was performed with the assistance of pCLE, using acrinol as a novel dye. Standard cystoscopy under white light could not detect any bladder tumor; however, pCLE using acrinol could detect the abnormal nuclei of bladder CIS. Subsequent histopathologic analysis of the specimen confirmed a diagnosis of bladder CIS. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bladder CIS diagnosed with the assistance of pCLE using acrinol in a patient undergoing a TURBT.
pCLE using acrinol as a novel dye can help observe the cancerous nuclei of bladder CIS that cannot be detected using conventional cystoscopy under white light. Therefore, pCLE using acrinol is one possible modality for performing an optical biopsy during TURBT.
We examined the case of laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation (L-RFA) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and then the method of this treatment was considered in terms of selection and adjustment. ...Between January 2008 and May 2010, L-RFC was performed on 18 cases (27 tumors). A total operation time was 203 minutes (± 85.5). The median survival time was 562 days (± 197 day). The amount of blood was 21.0 g (± 68.4), and 3 postoperative complications (pleural effusion) were observed. The average length of hospital stay after the operation was 8 days. There was no vestigial remnant in all cases after the operation. The prognosis of death due to a liver failure was one case on the 516th day after the operation. All other 17 cases were survived. If the tumors were identified by the naked eye and ultrasonography, and considering the position in relation to the main vas, the ablation would be possible for the troublesome part in case of the percutaneous approach. Therefore, we thought the application of RFA to HCC would be more expandable.
We present a rare case of gastric cancer with duodenal intramural metastasis. A 75-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a gastric tumor diagnosed by endoscopy. On admission, ...esophagogastroscopy confirmed that the cancerous lesion was type-3, and occupied the middle-third of the lesser curvature of the stomach, and also found a submucosal tumor in the duodenal bulbus. Furthermore, endoscopic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, but no evidence of malignancy was found in the duodenal lesion. Since diagnosis of the duodenal tumor as a leiomyosarcoma could not be ruled out, the lesion was resected. We performed total-gastrectomy, including the duodenal lesion, with ρ-Roux-Y reconstruction. Later, it was confirmed that the gastric lesion and duodenal lesion were the same poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma histopathologically. Therefore, final diagnosis was duodenal intramural metastasis from gastric cancer.
In this paper, the dynamic properties of the distributed and unbonded prestress system was analyzed by giving the following prestress. One end of the bar-type element was fixed and the ...unit-tensile-prestress was given from the other end. Then another element was attached to the first one's end and the unit-tensile-prestress to the complex was given from its end. This process was repeated until it became the prescribed size. The system was analyzed and the equations of the prestress distribution was formulated. The result of the analysis shows that the prestress accumulates and the direct tightening load decreases when the constant distributed and unbonded prestress is given. Also the experiments were carried out to verify the equations.
In the case where soft bottom mud with high water content over the liquid limit is fluidized by the pressure induced by waves, cracks are generated in the surface of the mud. The cracks develop under ...the action of tensile stress and shear stress caused by the rotation of principal stress in the periodic motion of waves. It is found that the dredged mud, which contains the smectite as clay mineral, fails developing definite deep cracks so that ductile mass of clay can be retained. The effect of the cracks on the acceleration of consolidation of the mud is reproduced and evaluated by a numerical analysis and experiment of self-weight consolidation with the placement of vertical drains. The mechanism of the acceleration of consolidation of the mud by wave action is elucidated through experimental and numerical studies.
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