InN single crystal was grown by UV-assisted atomic layer epitaxy under atmospheric pressure. The
c-axis was perpendicular to the
c-plane of sapphire substrate. The obtained InN was a degenerate
...n-type semiconductor with the carrier concentration of ∼3×10
20/cm
3. The phonon structure was investigated by the use of infrared and Raman spectra, and six optical phonons were observed; A
1(TO) at 480
cm
−1, A
1(LO) at 580
cm
−1, E
1(TO) at 476
cm
−1, E
1(LO) at 570
cm
−1, E
2(low) at 87 and E
2(high) at 488
cm
−1. Moreover two silent B
1 modes were observed at 200 and 540
cm
−1. From the plasma reflection spectra, dielectric constants of
ϵ
0=8.1,
ϵ
∞=5.8 and effective electron mass of
m
e⊥*=0.24
m
0 were obtained.
A 75-year-old man was diagnosed as having pancreatic ductal carcinoma containing remarkable lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration, as revealed by the cytological examination of endoscopic ...ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) specimen. The EUS-FNA specimen showed small amounts of atypical epithelium with noticeable lymphocytes and plasma cells. A pancreatic resection was performed, and the histopathological features showed an invasive pancreatic ductal carcinoma with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (LPSP)-like lesions. Most of the plasma cells were immunoreactive to anti-IgG4 antibody. EUS-FNA may be necessary for the differential diagnosis of AIP and pancreatic cancer, and close attention should be given to the presence of marked lymphoplasmacytic cells in EUS-FNA specimens while making the diagnosis.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in T2 values and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the masseter muscle by clenching in healthy volunteers.
37 volunteers were enrolled in the ...study. We measured bite force using pressure-sensitive paper and a T2 map. The ADC map was obtained at rest, during clenching, immediately after and 5 min after clenching. The spin-echo sequence was used to calculate T2, and single-shot spin-echo echo planar imaging was used to calculate the ADC. The motion-probing gradients (MPGs) were applied separately along the posterior-to-anterior (PA), right-to-left (RL) and superior-to-inferior (SI) directions, with b values of 0, 300 and 600 s mm(-2) in each direction. ADC-PA, ADC-RL, and ADC-SI values were obtained, and we calculated the ADC-iso for the mean diffusivity.
There were no significant differences between the stronger and weaker sides of bite force before, during or 5 min after clenching for T2 and ADC. The bite force had little effect on these parameters; thus, we used the average of the two sides for the following analyses. Time course analysis of ADC-iso, ADC-PA, ADC-RL and ADC-SI demonstrated a marked increase after clenching and a rapid decrease immediately after clenching, although they did not completely return to the initial values; however, the change in ADC-RL was significantly greater than those in ADC-PA or ADC-SI (P<0.001 each). The changes in T2 were similar to those of ADC, although not as marked.
ADC (especially ADC-RL) was altered by contraction of the masseter muscle.
We have succeeded in growing high purity single crystalline Ce2PdGa12 which crystallizes in the tetragonal system (space group P4/nbm). Ce2PdGa12 is a typical heavy-fermion antiferromagnet with the ...magnetic ordering temperature of 11K at ambient pressure. We investigate the pressure effects on the electrical resistivity for Ce2PdGa12 up to 8GPa. With increasing pressure, the ordering temperature is dramatically suppressed to 3K at 3GPa. The electronic state of Ce2 PdGa12 are tuned by pressure from the heavy-fermion antiferromagnetic state to the non-magnetic state through a critical pressure around Pc∼7GPa.
Objectives The present study was carried out to analyze pathological features of prostatectomy specimens performed at different timing and trigger during active surveillance. Methods One hundred and ...thirty-four patients that fit a selection condition similar to the so-called Hopkins' criteria were enrolled into the present study between January 2002 and December 2003. Patients were recommended to start curable treatment when they showed prostate-specific antigen-doubling time of 2 years or shorter or pathological progression at 1-year re-biopsy. Median observation period was 61 months. Results Fourteen patients underwent radical prostatectomy immediately after enrollment (Group A) whereas 28 patients underwent radical prostatectomy after substantial periods of active surveillance (Group B). Of the 28 Group B, trigger of radical prostatectomy was on protocol in 17 patients (Group B1) whereas 11 patients underwent radical prostatectomy by their preference (Group B2). Upgrade from initial biopsy was observed in 43% of Group A and 68% of Group B. Upgrade was more frequently observed in Group B1 than B2 with border line significance (P = 0.075). Perineural infiltration and positive surgical margin rates of Group B1 were significantly higher than those of B2 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Unfavorable pathological features of surgical specimens were more frequently observed in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy due to short prostate-specific antigen-doubling time or biopsy findings than those who underwent radical prostatectomy because of other reasons including patients' preference. Rates of unfavorable pathological features at radical prostatectomy that deviate initial selection criteria was high enough to support integration of frequent biopsies into active surveillance program.
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