Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteriosis are potent diseases which had not been curable before. Progress of chemotherapy has a marked effect but not enough results. We are now waiting ...for the appearance of a new medicine. Other rifamycim derivatives are developed as antimycobacterial agents, which have a mainframe of 3'-hydroxy-5'-alkylpiperazinyl-benzoxazinorifamycins (KRMs). KRMs exceeds RFP in bacteriostatic function, and also have already established in vivo in chemotherapeutic efficacy. Another study will also reveal a higher of bactericidal function. We expect possibility of much more powerful and short-term initial chemotherapy.
A numerical analysis of a generalized dielectric waveguide mirror of arbitrary structure angle is presented. A plane wave expansion technique is used to calculate output angle, power transmission, ...inter-waveguide and intra-waveguide coupling, far-field emission profile and losses of the waveguide mirror. In order to evaluate the effect of divergence, two methods are used and the result indicate that the effect is minimal. Furthermore, the introduction of a tilt in the mirror surface is examined and reveals a reduction in the inter-waveguide coupling as the tilt is increased. However, this coupling remains symmetric in tilt despite the asymmetry of the geometry due to the tilt. Results of the output angle and the FWHM (full-width half-maximum) of the emission profile are compared to experimental values obtained for a semiconductor triangular ring laser.< >
Anorexia induced in rat by D-glucosamine deoxidized at C-1 Fujimoto, K; Sakata, T; Shiraishi, T ...
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology,
09/1986, Letnik:
251, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
K. Fujimoto, T. Sakata, T. Shiraishi, K. Kurata, K. Terada and H. Etou
The effects of D-glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose), an endogenous
glucose analogue, and 1-deoxy-D-glucosamine on feeding ...behavior were
clarified. Test solutions (24 mumol) were infused into the third
cerebroventricle of the rat. Glucosamine induced a feeding episode within
30 min after infusion and then prolonged the ensuing postprandial intermeal
interval for the first 4 h of the dark period, while glucose suppressed
feeding by decreasing meal size. Ventricular injection of
1-deoxyglucosamine potently suppressed feeding in a dose-related manner by
affecting all meal parameters, and oral administration of 2,400 mumol also
induced anorexia. Changes in activity of glucose-sensitive neurons in the
lateral hypothalamus and glucoreceptor neurons in the ventromedial
hypothalamus after electrophoretic application of glucosamine and
1-deoxyglucosamine were compatible with behavior changes. The results
indicate that replacement of a hydroxyl group by an amino group at C-2 of
the glucose molecule affects feeding behavior and deoxidation of C-1
potently induces anorexia.
Patients with Ullrich's disease have generalized muscle weakness, multiple contractures of the proximal joints, and hyperextensibility of the distal joints. Recently we found a marked reduction of ...fibronectin receptors in the skin and cultured fibroblasts of two patients with Ullrich's disease with collagen VI deficiency, and speculated that an abnormality of cell adhesion may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this study, we investigated the expression of proteoglycans and adhesion molecules in Ullrich's disease and other muscle diseases. We found a reduction of NG2 proteoglycan in the membrane of skeletal muscle but not in the skin in Ullrich's disease. By contrast, we found the upregulation of tenascin C in the extracellular matrix of skeletal muscle in Ullrich's disease. Our findings suggest that abnormal expression of proteoglycans and adhesion molecules may be involved in the pathogenesis of the dystrophic muscle changes in Ullrich's disease. Muscle Nerve, 2006
To identify possible mechanisms for an anabolic-androgenic steroid induced increase in aggressive behavior and work capacity, the levels of some biogenic amines considered to be closely related to a ...systemic hyper-adrenergic state were measured in selected regions of the brain.
Wistar male rats were divided randomly into five groups: nontreated (control), oil-vehicle-treated (vehicle) or one of three (therapeutic dose and 10- or 100-fold higher dose) anabolic-androgenic steroid-treated (steroid-1, -2, -3) groups. Rats in the steroid and vehicle groups were given a single dose of nandrolone decanoate or oil vehicle, respectively, one week before tissue sampling. The levels of norepinephrine (NE) and its metabolite, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (MHPG), serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite, 5-hydroxy-indole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum by high-performance liquid chromatography. Immunostaining for c-fos was performed as a confirmation of increased neural activity.
The levels of NE and MHPG were increased by approximately 2- and approximately 7-fold in the hypothalamus of the steroid-2 compared with the control and vehicle groups. The levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were approximately 40 and approximately 50% higher in the steroid-2 compared with the control and vehicle groups. A significantly higher number of c-fos expressing neurons were observed in the periventricular region of the steroid-2 than the control and vehicle groups, indicating enhanced neuronal activity after nandrolone decanoate treatment.
The present results, combined with previously reported findings of physical performance enhancement after anabolic-androgenic steroid treatment, are consistent with the interpretation that elevated levels of adrenergic and serotonergic amines in the hypothalamus could contribute to aggressive behaviors as well as improved physical performance.
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