Aims
To assess whether diabetes increases the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome and to estimate the magnitude of the association with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
Methods
We conducted a systematic search ...of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and ResearchGate for articles published between 1950 and January 2015. A total of 36 studies (eight cross‐sectional, 21 case–control and seven cohort studies) qualified for meta‐analysis. We used a random‐effects meta‐analysis and assessed heterogeneity and publication bias.
Results
The pooled odds ratio of 25 studies (including a total of 92 564 individuals) that reported unadjusted estimates for the association between diabetes and carpal tunnel syndrome or carpal tunnel release was 1.97 (95% CI 1.56–2.49). The pooled odds ratio of 18 case–control or cohort studies consisting of >37 million individuals that reported estimates after controlling for potential confounders was 1.69 (95% CI 1.45–1.96). The association did not differ for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, there was no publication bias.
Conclusion
This meta‐analysis suggests that both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome.
To date, the precise prevalence of co-morbidity of anxiety and depression in the perinatal period is not well known. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of co-morbid anxiety and depression in the ...antenatal and postnatal periods. Systematic searches of multiple electronic databases were conducted for studies published between January 1950 and January 2016. We included 66 (24 published and 42 unpublished) studies incorporating 162 120 women from 30 countries. Prevalence of self-reported antenatal anxiety symptoms and mild to severe depressive symptoms was 9.5% 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.8-11.2, 17 studies, n = 25 592 and of co-morbid anxiety symptoms and moderate/severe depressive symptoms was 6.3% (95% CI 4.8-7.7, 17 studies, n = 27 270). Prevalence of a clinical diagnosis of any antenatal anxiety disorder and depression was 9.3% (95% CI 4.0-14.7, 10 studies, n = 3918) and of co-morbid generalized anxiety disorder and depression was 1.7% (95% CI 0.2-3.1, three studies, n = 3085). Postnatally between 1 and 24 weeks postpartum, the prevalence of co-morbid anxiety symptoms and mild to severe depressive symptoms was 8.2% (95% CI 6.5-9.9, 15 studies, n = 14 731), while co-morbid anxiety symptoms and moderate/severe depressive symptoms was 5.7% (95% CI 4.3-7.1, 13 studies, n = 20 849). The prevalence of a clinical diagnosis of co-morbid anxiety and depression was 4.2% (95% CI 1.9-6.6, eight studies, n = 3251). Prevalence rates did not differ with regard to year of publication, country income, selection bias and attrition bias. The results suggest that co-morbid perinatal anxiety and depression are prevalent and warrant clinical attention given the potential negative child developmental consequences if left untreated. Further research is warranted to develop evidence-based interventions for prevention, identification and treatment of this co-morbidity.
Objectives: The effects of inflammatory and degenerative arthritis on carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) are not well known. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess whether rheumatoid ...arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) increase the risk of CTS.
Method: Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate until January 2015. Twenty-three (five cohort, 10 case control, and eight cross sectional) studies qualified for the meta-analyses. A random-effects meta-analysis was used and heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed.
Results: Both RA and OA were associated with CTS. Pooled unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 1.91 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-2.75, I
2
= 55.2%, nine studies, n = 10 688 for arthritis (either inflammatory or degenerative), 2.91 (95% CI 2.33-3.62, I
2
= 22.3%, 11 studies, n = 74 730) for RA, and 2.13 (95% CI 1.65-2.76, I
2
= 39.2%, five studies, n = 20 574) for OA of any joint. Pooled confounder-adjusted ORs were 1.96 (95% CI 1.21-3.18, I
2
= 73.1%, six studies, n = 11 542) for arthritis, 1.96 (95% CI 1.57-2.44, I
2
= 32.2%, eight studies, n = 72 212) for RA, and 1.87 (95% CI 1.64-2.13, I
2
= 0%, two studies, n = 19 480) for OA. There was no evidence of publication bias, and excluding cross-sectional studies or studies appraised as having a high risk of selection bias did not change the magnitude of the associations.
Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that both RA and OA increase the risk of CTS. Further prospective studies on the effect of wrist OA on CTS are needed.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Many studies show an association between the accumulation of cholesterol inside lysosomes and the progression towards inflammatory disease states that are closely related to obesity. While in the ...past, the knowledge regarding lysosomal cholesterol accumulation was limited to its association with plaque severity during atherosclerosis, recently, a growing body of evidence indicates a causal link between lysosomal cholesterol accumulation and inflammation. These findings make lysosomal cholesterol accumulation an important target for intervention in metabolic diseases that are characterized by the presence of an inflammatory response. In this review, we aim to show the importance of cholesterol trapping inside lysosomes to the development of inflammation by focusing upon cardiovascular disease and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in particular. We summarize current data supporting the hypothesis that lysosomal cholesterol accumulation plays a key role in the development of inflammation during atherosclerosis and NASH. In addition, potential mechanisms by which disturbed lysosomal function can trigger the inflammatory response, the challenges in improving cholesterol trafficking in macrophages and recent successful research directions will be discussed.
We aimed to estimate the effects of overweight and obesity on carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and to assess whether sex modifies the associations. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, ...Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and ResearchGate databases from 1953 to February 2015. Fifty‐eight studies consisting of 1,379,372 individuals qualified for a meta‐analysis. We used a random‐effects meta‐analysis, assessed heterogeneity and publication bias, and performed sensitivity analyses. Overweight increased the risk of CTS or carpal tunnel release 1.5‐fold (pooled confounder‐adjusted odds ratio OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.37–1.57, N = 1,279,546) and obesity twofold (adjusted OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.92–2.13, N = 1,362,207). Each one‐unit increase in body mass index increased the risk of CTS by 7.4% (adjusted OR = 1.074, 95% CI 1.071–1.077, N = 1,258,578). Overweight and obesity had stronger effects on carpal tunnel release than CTS. The associations did not differ between men and women, and they were independent of study design. Moreover, the associations were not due to bias or confounding. Excess body mass markedly increases the risk of CTS. As the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing globally, overweight‐related CTS is expected to increase. Future studies should investigate whether a square‐shaped wrist and exposure to physical workload factors potentiate the adverse effect of obesity on the median nerve.
A refractive index-based photonic crystal sensor used to sense and recognize various blood bio-constituents for medical applications has been successfully demonstrated. The sensor composed of ...direct-coupled cavity-waveguide structures is created within the square and triangular photonic crystals. The blood components such as Cytop, Blood plasma, White blood cells, Hemoglobin, Red blood cells, Sylagrd184, Biotin-streptavidin, Bovine serum albumin and Urethane dimethacrylate are considered as samples. Optical properties including the transmission, cavity resonant frequency, and the quality factor have been investigated using the plane-wave expansion and finite-difference time-domain methods. It has been revealed that small changes in the cavity refractive index corresponding to the blood components taken, results in a considerable shift in output power, transmission resonant frequency, and the quality factor, so it can be implemented as a biosensor. We compared the simulation results with different experimental works done on blood components to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of our suggested bio-sensor. Ultra high sensitivity of
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has been achieved, which shows three orders of magnitude improvement compared to previous works.
Epicondylitis is a common disorder of the arm, yet the role of individual- and work-related factors has not been addressed in a population study. The aims of this study were to estimate the ...prevalence of lateral and medial epicondylitis and to investigate their risk factors. The target population of this study comprised a representative sample of people aged 30–64 years residing in Finland during 2000–2001. Of the 5,871 subjects, 4,783 (81.5%) were included in this study. The prevalence of definite lateral epicondylitis was 1.3%, and that of medial epicondylitis was 0.4%. The prevalence did not differ between men and women and was highest in subjects aged 45–54 years. Current smoking (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4, 8.3) and former smoking (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.6) were associated with definite lateral epicondylitis. An interaction (p = 0.002) was found between repetitive movements of the arms and forceful activities for the risk of possible or definite lateral epicondylitis (for both repetitive and forceful activities vs. no such activity: OR = 5.6, 95% CI: 1.9, 16.5). Smoking, obesity, repetitive movements, and forceful activities independently of each other showed significant associations with medial epicondylitis. Epicondylitis is relatively common among working-age individuals in the general population. Physical load factors, smoking, and obesity are strong determinants of epicondylitis.
Background and objective
The effect of exercise in prevention of low back and pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy is uncertain. This study aimed to assess the effect of exercise on low back pain, ...pelvic girdle pain and associated sick leave.
Databases and data treatment
Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from their inception through May 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible for inclusion in the review if they compared an exercise intervention with usual daily activities and at least some of the participants were free from low back pain and/or pelvic girdle pain at baseline. Methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed, and heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed.
Results
Eleven randomized controlled trials (2347 pregnant women) qualified for meta‐analyses. Exercise reduced the risk of low back pain in pregnancy by 9% (pooled risk ratio (RR) = 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–0.99, I2 = 0%, seven trials, N = 1175), whereas it had no protective effect on pelvic girdle pain (RR = 0.99, CI 0.81–1.21, I2 = 0%, four RCTs, N = 565) or lumbopelvic pain (RR = 0.96, CI 0.90–1.02, I2 = 0%, eight RCTs, N = 1737). Furthermore, exercise prevented new episodes of sick leave due to lumbopelvic pain (RR = 0.79, CI 0.64–0.99, I2 = 0%, three RCTs, N = 1168). There was no evidence of publication bias.
Conclusion
Exercise appears to reduce the risk of low back pain in pregnant women, and sick leave because of lumbopelvic pain, but there is no clear evidence for an effect on pelvic girdle pain.
Significance
Exercise has a small protective effect against low back pain during pregnancy.
Background and Purpose
The aetiology of inflammation in the liver and vessel wall, leading to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and atherosclerosis, respectively, shares common mechanisms ...including macrophage infiltration. To treat both disorders simultaneously, it is highly important to tackle the inflammatory status. Exendin‐4, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist, reduces hepatic steatosis and has been suggested to reduce atherosclerosis; however, its effects on liver inflammation are underexplored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that exendin‐4 reduces inflammation in both the liver and vessel wall, and investigated the common underlying mechanism.
Experimental Approach
Female APOE*3‐Leiden.CETP mice, a model with human‐like lipoprotein metabolism, were fed a cholesterol‐containing Western‐type diet for 5 weeks to induce atherosclerosis and subsequently treated for 4 weeks with exendin‐4.
Key Results
Exendin‐4 modestly improved dyslipidaemia, but markedly decreased atherosclerotic lesion severity and area (−33%), accompanied by a reduction in monocyte adhesion to the vessel wall (−42%) and macrophage content in the plaque (−44%). Furthermore, exendin‐4 reduced hepatic lipid content and inflammation as well as hepatic CD68+ (−18%) and F4/80+ (−25%) macrophage content. This was accompanied by less monocyte recruitment from the circulation as the Mac‐1+ macrophage content was decreased (−36%). Finally, exendin‐4 reduced hepatic chemokine expression in vivo and suppressed oxidized low‐density lipoprotein accumulation in peritoneal macrophages in vitro, effects dependent on the GLP‐1 receptor.
Conclusions and Implications
Exendin‐4 reduces inflammation in both the liver and vessel wall by reducing macrophage recruitment and activation. These data suggest that exendin‐4 could be a valuable strategy to treat NASH and atherosclerosis simultaneously.
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