Searching for new ways of converting carbon dioxide into value-added products, such as fuels, is a relevant task of our time. Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, ...hydrocarbons and alcohols is considered as one of the main approaches in this area. One of the most advanced approaches is the use of coordination polymers for homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis of carbon dioxide reduction. We obtained coordination pectin biopolymers with different nickel ions contents (PG-NaNi). The structure and composition of the obtained biopolymers were characterized by such physicochemical methods as IR and ICP-AE spectroscopy. Morphology of PG-NaNi on a glassy carbon surface provides very high surface to volume ratio. Cyclic voltammetry on the modified glassy carbon working electrode in water solution saturated with carbon dioxide shows catalytic properties of PG-NaNi for CO2 reduction reaction.
The review is devoted to the microbiome interactions with physiologic and pathologic processes that have place during child organism development. Modern data concerning the questions of the ...microbiome formation in children are examined, beginning from the intrauterine fetus development and further during the process of ontogenesis. Characteristics of the microbiota content and functional activity in infants are presented. Influence of changed microbiota on the disease development in the child age is described. Analysis of the data available is performed with appreciation of medicines used for the improvement of microbiome health at different forms of child pathology.
Candidiasis is the commonest opportunistic infection of the oral cavity. As a result of immune-deficiency of the organism, yeasts of Candida genus by acting as commensal organisms transmute into ...pathogenic organisms. The article presents frequency of isolation, topographic peculiarities, species range, sensitivity of the Candida yeasts to antimycotics and newly-synthesized derivatives of amino alcohols isolated from the sub-biotopes of the oral cavity of patients with oncopathologies. The survey of the material included microscopic, mycologic, statistical-analytical methods. For all the clinical isolates the sensitivity to antifungal preparations was determined. Over the study 492 sub-biotopes of the oral cavity were examined. The extraction of the material was made from the mucous membrane of the cheek, angle of the mouth, mucous membrane of the surface of the tongue and the palate. According to the results of the conducted studies, the level of candidal carriage on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity in the patients with oncopathologies without clinical signs of candidiasis equaled 25.0%, active candidiasis infection was found in 47.0% of cases. Among the clinical strains, we isolated: C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. krusei. Among all the isolated strains, in all 4 sub-biotopes C. albicans dominated accounting for 73.1%. In 4 sub-biotopes we detected the association of two species of Candida. Analysis of the obtained results of the susceptibility of strains to modern antymicotics and newly-synthesized substances revealed that the representatives of non-albicans are more resistant to the antifungal preparations. Among the commercial preparations, amphotericin B exerted the highest activity against the clinical isolates of yeast-like fungi. The concentration of 0.97 µg/mL inhibited 50.0% of representatives of non-albicans, and also 75.0% of isolates of C. albicans. Fluconazole exhibited activity in the concentration of 1 µg/mL towards 17.0% of non-albicans and 25.0% of С. albicans. Itraconazole was observed to have no significant antifungal activity. Among the newly-synthesized aryl acyclic amino alcohols, compound Kc22 displayed high activity against both groups of Candida (experimental and control) making it promising for creating new therapeutic preparations. The parameters of resistance of clinical isolates to modern antimycotics indicate the necessity of constant monitoring of the sensitivity of the pathogens of candidiasis and precise species identification for rational use of antifungal preparations and prevention of the development of antimycotic resistance.
Aim. To investigate the biological activity of streptomycetes, isolated from Ukrainian bentonite clay. Methods. For identification of the investigated microorganisms there were used generally ...accepted methods for study of morpho-cultural and biochemical properties and sequencing of 16Ѕ rRNA producer. Antagonistic activity of the strain was determined by agar diffusion and agar block method using gram-positive, gram-negative microorganisms and fungi. Results. Research of autochthonous flora from bentonite clay of Ukrainian various deposits proved the existence of stable politaxonomic prokaryotic-eukaryotic consortia there. It was particularly interesting that the isolated microorganisms had demonstrated clearly expressed antagonistic properties against fungi. During bacteriological investigation this bacterial culture was identified like representative of the genus Streptomyces. Bentonite streptomycetes, named as Streptomyces SVP-71, inagar mediums (agar block method) inhibited the growth of fungi (yeast and mold); zones of growth retardation constituted of 11-36 mm, and did not affect the growth of bacteria. There were investigated the inhibitory effects of supernatant culture fluid, ethanol and butanol extracts of biomass streptomycetes on museum and clinical strains of fungi that are pathogenic for humans (Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. utilis, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. kefir, S. glabrata, C. lusitaniae, Aspergillus niger, Mucor pusillus, Fusarium sporotrichioides). It has been shown that research antifungal factor had 100% of inhibitory effect against all fungi used in experiments in vitro. In parallel, it was found that alcohol extracts hadn’t influence to the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria absolutely. It was shown that the cultural fluid supernatant and alcoholic extracts of biomass had the same antagonistic effect, but with different manifestation. This evidenced about identity of antifungal substances synthesized into the broth and present in bacterial biomass. Conclusions. Secondary metabolites from antifungal properties are accumulated both in Streptomyces SVP-71 biomass and in the culture fluid. The obtained extracts can be used to create antifungal drugs.
Chronic gastroduodenitis (CGD) hold one of main places among leading diseases of gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) in childhood. A special category is children who have CGD against the background of ...connective tissue (CT) dysplasia (DCT). CGD in such children is characterized by early appearance, aggressive, gradient course with frequent acute conditions and recurrences with evident symptoms of nonspecific intoxication manifestations. Defect of collagen synthesis leads to pronounced morphological changes of proximal GIT mucous membrane (MM) and decline in its cytoptotecive abilities. Challenges related to the qualitative and quantitative local ecosystem changes can aggravate immune and metabolic local processes and enhance the destruction of proximal GIT mucous membrane. Aforesaid defines the need to include multiprobiotics into the treatment schemes of patient with CGD, associated with congenital fibrogenesis disorders, as adjuvant therapy with complex therapeutic action; they positively influence the CT metabolism, improve reparative processes in MM, normalize immune processes and maintain composition and functions of physiological microbiota. Purposes – improvement of CGD treatment efficiency in children with DCT through inclusion of the multiprobiotic Symbiter® forte-M into the treatment schemes. Materials and methods. There were examined 33 children with CGD on the background of DCT and 32 healthy children (control) from 11 to 17 years old. The state of the mucous barrier was estimated by certain mucin constituents (fucose, glycosaminoglycans, sialic acids) assessing, antimicrobial peptides (ß2-defencins), non-specific humoral factors of the local immunity (immunoglobulins, lysozyme) in mucous secretions (saliva, coprofiltrate (CF)) before and after probiotic therapy. Results. Increased concentrations of ß2-defencins (psaliva = 0.03, pCF = 0.03), sialic acids (P = 0.04) and lysozyme (P = 0.01) and decreased of fucose level (P = 0.03) in mucous secretions under application of multicomponent probiotic preparation were observed. Conclusions. In children with DCT and CGD development, mucins, forming protective homeostatic barrier between residential microbiota and basic immune intestinal cells, contain in their composition increased quantity of fucose-containing glycoproteins and low amount of sialic acids; this influences microbiota and activity of cytoprotective and reparative processes in MM. Inclusion of the multiprobiotic Symbiter® forte-M into the standard treatment scheme leads to the normalization of some mucus glycoproteins and non-specific humoral local immunity factors. Due to its complex composition with high probiotic and immunomodulatory properties and natural mineral gel (smectite) inclusion, the multiprobiotic improves cytoprotective and reparative properties of GIT mucous membrane and reduces the likelihood of severe destructive processes in children with CGD and DCT development.
Aim. To establish anti-influenza activities for 8 compounds of adamantyl (alkyl, cycloalkyl) de-rivatives of aminopropanol-2 in vitro and in vivo investigations. Methods. The antiviral action of ...compounds was determined in vitro by reduction of infectious titer of the influenza virus in the Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell culture and in vivo on the model of influenza pneu-monia in mice. Results. Three of eight studied compounds inhibit the reproduction of the influ-enza virus strain A/FM/1/47(H1N1) by more than 2 lg ID50 in the concentration range from < 0.39 µg/ml (the compounds 30 and 33) to 1.56 µg/ml (the compound 5), their chemotherapeutic indices are 256 and 16, respectively. The experiments in vivo showed that in prophylactic scheme the efficiency index (EI) of the compounds 5 and 30 is 60 %; in therapeutic scheme EI of the compounds 5 and 33 is 100 % that is two times higher, than for rimantadine. Conclusions. High chemotherapeutic indices of the compounds 30, 33 and their ability to suppress the influenza virus reproduction in the MDCK cell culture by more than 2 lg ID50 indicate the anti-influenza activity of these compounds. It has been also confirmed by in vivo experiment.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) possess a virtually unlimited number of potential structures. Although the latter enables an efficient route to control the structure-related functional properties of ...MOFs, it still complicates the prediction and searching for an optimal structure for specific application. Next to prediction of the MOFs for gas sorption/separation and catalysis via machine learning (ML), we report on ML to find MOFs demonstrating a phase transition (PT). On the basis of an available QMOF database (7463 frameworks), we create and train the autoencoder followed by training the classifier of MOFs from a unique database with experimentally confirmed PT. This makes it possible to identify MOFs with a high potential for PT and evaluate the most likely stimulus for it (guest molecules or temperature/pressure). The formed list of available MOFs for PT allows us to discuss their structural features and opens an opportunity to search for phase change MOFs for diverse physical/chemical application.
The basis of the algorithm for determining the labor input are user-configured according to the parameters of its real production. It is shown that in the early stages of designing the designer can ...minimize the expected cost of the product by changing the design solutions, its head by a reporting engine will evaluate the range of materials and assortments and will issue guidelines to reduce it, and the technology and setters will calculate the final demand for materials and labor. Developed labor regulation system, built on the theory of fuzzy decision trees.
Introduction. Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis are some of the main and often the only possible ways to effective control of viral infections. Therefore, the study of antiviral properties of new ...substances with the known chemical structure is one of the main ways to create new antiviral agents.The aim of the study – to research the antiherpes activity of new aminopropanol-2 derivatives against the herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigenic type 1, strain VC.Research Methods. Antiherpes activity was determined in 8 aminopropanol-2 derivatives: norbornyl containing substance (compound No. 51), substance with cyclic substituents in alkoxi group (compound No. 48), substances with alicyclic substituents in alkoxi group (compounds No. 46, 47, 49, 50, 52 and 53). Evaluation of antiherpes activity of the studied compounds was performed in vitro on cell culture VNK (growing culture of hamster kidney). Ability to reduce of virus infectious titer and chemotherapeutic index (HTI) of the studied compounds was determined.Results and Discussion. It is established that the compound No. 53 inhibits HSV-I reproduction in 2 lg ID50 at a concentration of 1.56 µg/ml. HTI of compound No. 53 is equal to 64, which describes it as an effective inhibitor of HSV-I reproduction. Some antiherpes action in compounds No. 46, 47 and 51 was identified also, their HTI were 8, 4 and 4 respectively. Substances No. 48, 49, 50 and 52 do not show the antiherpes action.Conclusions. Among all tested aminopropanol-2 derivatives the compound No. 53 with clear antiherpes properties was determined. Compound No. 53 belongs to the substances with alicyclic substituents in alkoxi group and has such chemical formula: 1-(2-methyl-3-butinox)-3-(2.2.6.6-tetramethyl piperidine)-2-propanol hydrochloride. Compound No. 53 as alicyclic substituent in alkoxy group contains 2-methyl-3-butene, and amine moiety of this substance contains the radical 2.2.6.6 – tetramethylpiperidine. The obtained results will be useful in establishing the natural relationships "structure-activity", also it can be used to create active compounds with certain characteristics.
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