The R&D results of new tellurium loaded liquid scintillators based on linear alkylbenzene are presented in this work. For the first time, diphenyltellurium dicarboxylates (dipivalate, diisovalerate, ...di-2-ethylhexanoate) are used as tellurium-containing additives. The optical properties (transparency, light yield) of the scintillator have been studied depending on the tellurium concentration, comprehensive studies have been carried out to optimize the composition of the scintillator, the effect of the secondary scintillation solvent on the light yield has been studied, and the long-term stability of Te-LS has been finally established.
•A liquid scintillator based on linear alkylbenzene with a loading of 1% Te has been developed.•The influence of tellurium addition on scintillation properties is investigated.•A new tellurium-loaded liquid scintillator has been proposed for use in large-scale experiments to search for neutrinoless double β-decay.
Abstract
The paper is aimed to analyse the labour mobility in the region using GIS services. Within the framework of the project, a methodology for continuous automatic collection and accumulation of ...information on the state of the transport network and weather conditions was developed, tested and implemented. Based on this information, it is possible to analyse the important factors of the regional economy: temporary and financial losses of residents of the Moscow Region on the home-to-work paths, as well as identify patterns of traffic congestion from various factors. The first results of the analysis of the accumulated data are presented, which demonstrate the commuting effects in the regional transport network.
The DANSS detector is located directly under the nuclear reactor at the Kalinin nuclear power plant. Such a position ensures about 50 m.w.e. shielding from cosmic rays in the vertical direction; as a ...result, the detector occupies an intermediate position between surface and underground detectors in the shielding from cosmic rays. The sensitive volume of the detector consisting of a 1-m
3
plastic scintillator is surrounded by the multilayer passive shielding and muon veto. The main aim of the DANSS experiment is to measure the antineutrino spectrum at various distances from the source. To this end, the detector is placed on a lifting platform in order to record data at three positions of 10.9, 11.9, and 12.9 m from the reactor core. The detector can reconstruct muon tracks passing through its sensitive volume. The pressure, temperature, and decay coefficients for muons in various regions of the zenith angle
have been determined from the muon data collected during four years using the effective generation level method.
Based on the studies of data for the Moscow region for 2001–2014, this paper proposes a method for assessing the long-term dynamics of labor commuting according to the dynamics of its key factors, ...including the population’s income, the cost of housing, and the cost of intraregional travels. It has been shown that these parameters did not undergo radical changes in the studied period: this indicates the stability of the structure and dynamics of labor commuting in the Moscow region. The forecast for the development of the situation in the near future has been discussed.
This paper is devoted to the analysis of modern trends in economic cybersecurity. We analysed the dynamics of cyber-attacks over the past five years and, particularly, pointed on the main trends of ...2018 year. Our analysis showed great diversity and variety of cyber-criminal actions: global espionage, financial attacks, card fraud, information theft and phishing, network attacks and traffic interception, cryptographers and extortionists, crypto-jacking. Further, we attempted to predict cyber threats that await us soon. We expected the main problems come from smart cyber-attacks, based on the latest technologies of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), as well as exploiting the vulnerabilities of the Internet of Things. Therefore, we ought to apply integrated approaches using the same innovative technologies. The cyber-crime industry will increasingly consolidate — the efforts will be focused on automating and streaming criminal cyber activities, and new technologies will further reduce the cost of searching for vulnerabilities. It means development of hacking tools while accelerating the speed and scale of attacks. We must implement an integrated, echeloned approach with the same innovative technologies of AI and MO used by hackers, to fight effectively with future cyber threats. Small and medium businesses will have the opportunity to purchase a cyber-defence service. An improvement of the internal IT culture in the company remains the critical issue, which is still a weak link in the chain and the target of cyber-attacks. We discuss the measures of legislative state support in Europe and Russia against cybercrime in the final section of the paper, followed by conclusion.
In this paper we examine the mechanisms leading to thermomagnetic instability in nanostructured materials and study their regularities. The appearance of thermomagnetic instabilities in the ...superconducting state of various materials remains one of the problems of applications of superconductors. We studied the temperature and the magnetic field dependences of the magnetization m(T, H) and heat capacity C(T, H) of a nanocomposite consisting of interconnected lead filaments embedded in nanoporous glass (Pb-PG) with filament diameter d = 7 nm. Porous glass contains an arbitrarily orientated multiply connected system of pores of approximately the same size; lead in the nanocomposite forms a replica of the pore system. Thermomagnetic instability was previously observed in this material in superconducting state at T ≤ 5 K on m(H) dependencies in magnetization studies. We established that high enough external heater power P used during the heat capacity measurements in external magnetic field C(H) at T ≤ 5 K can initiate thermomagnetic instability and penetration of magnetic flux into the nanocomposite. The thermomagnetic instability is generally preceded by a sequence of small heat release events with the same magnitude as P. Another sequence of small heat release events is observed in the region close to Hc2. These events are presumably linked to the thermomagnetic instability process and are caused by small redistribution of magnetic flux in the nanocomposite.
A new ultra low-background spectrometer based on a HPGe detector with a sensitive volume of 600 cm super(3) was developed to investigate rare nuclear processes, such as resonant neutrino-less double ...electron capture (0nuEC/EC) and double beta decay processes (2nu2beta super(-), 2nubeta super(+) EC, 2nuEC/EC) to the excited states of daughter nuclei. The spectrometer was installed at the Modane underground laboratory (LSM, France, 4800 m w.e.). Sensitivity of the spectrometer and its background were tested. A new method for the efficiency calibration in measurements of low-active samples was developed. The spectrometer was used for the measurements of low active materials and samples. Results obtained in 395 h investigation of resonant 0nuEC/EC decay of super(106) Cd to the 2718 keV and 2741 keV excited states of super(106) Pd with ~23.2 g of enriched super(106) Cd and 2nu2beta super(-) decay of super(100) Mo sample with a mass of 2588 g to the 0 super(+), 1130 keV and 2 super(+), 539.5 keV excited states of super(100) Ru are presented.
A possible right-handed component affecting electron-neutrino helicity is probed using a Compton polarimeter. Compared to previous experiments of this kind, the systematic uncertainty is ...significantly reduced by independently calibrating the polarimeter efficiency. The electron-neutrino helicity is measured as
in agreement with previous measurements. The bigger than expected total error on
H
largely arises from the relatively low efficiency of the polarimeter. In connection with this, one should reanalyze the results of previous experiments.
The aim of the study was to determine the content of the molecules of middle mass before and after a simulated «diving» in the blood plasma of subjects who had different initial resistance to ...decompression sickness, toxic effect of nitrogen and oxygen. An increase in the concentration of the middle mass molecules was revealed after a simulated dive in a pressure chamber in the blood plasma of subjects who were unstable to the adverse effects of hyperbaric factors. The changes discovered are the most prominent in the development of decompression gas-generation and toxic effect of oxygen. Unidirectional action of unfavorable hyperbaric factors was shown to induce human endogenous intoxication with possible development of the syndrome of «hyperbaric intoxication».
The presented clinical observation demonstrates the diagnostic capabilities of cardiac volumetric computed tomography (CT) with a pharmacological test by a vasodilator adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in ...the simultaneous assessment of coronary anatomy and changes in left ventricular myocardial perfusion (LV) in a patient with painless myocardial ischemia and coronary atherosclerosis. A 68-year-old patient with coronary heart disease (CHD) and atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries underwent cardiac volumetric CT in combination with a ATP pharmacological test. The study was performed on a Aquilion ONE 640 Vision Edition computer tomograph (Toshiba, Japan). Assessment of LV myocardial perfusion was carried out in comparison with other clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination methods. The results of clinical and instrumental examination of a patient with a low pre-test probability of coronary heart disease are presented. From the standpoint of modern recommendations on stable coronary heart disease, false-negative results of single-photon emission computed tomography of the heart and stress-echocardiography are discussed. Clinical observation demonstrates the feasibility of diagnosing LV myocardial ischemia by cardiac volumetric CT combined with ATP pharmacological test, confirmed by an invasive determination of the fractional flow reserve. The given clinical example represents the advantage of cardiac volumetric CT, combined with the ATP pharmacological test, as a method for visualizing LV myocardial perfusion in detecting myocardial ischemia.
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