One of the most exciting new developments in energy storage technology is Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs). ZHSCs combine Zn‐ion batteries with supercapacitors (SCs) to address the energy and ...power needs of portable devices and electric automobiles. Low energy density and the development of cathode material are significant issues for ZHSCs. This review provides an in‐depth investigation of charge storage mechanisms from SCs to ZHSCs. The advantages/disadvantages of ZHSCs, the recent development of cathode materials, and the new design for device fabrications are critically summarized. New cathode materials should be developed to achieve high energy density while preserving the inherent power capability and stability. People increasingly engage with smart electronic and hybrid gadgets, demanding flexible, resilient, and highly safe energy storage devices. ZHSC has emerged as a complete alternative to risky sodium‐ion/lithium‐ion technologies. An overview of all reported carbon‐based, biomass‐derived carbons, metal oxides, MOFs, COFs, MXenes, graphene, and composite materials employed for ZHSCs is comprehensively provided. Furthermore, cathode materials for flexible, micro, wire‐shaped, printed, and photo‐rechargeable ZHSCs are also examined with their practical challenges. This review is anticipated to offer valuable recommendations for designing and manipulating cathode materials for high‐performance ZHSCs to achieve real‐world applications.
This review article presents an in‐depth investigation of charge storage mechanisms of cathode materials for Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitors, challenges and future prospects.
Rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) with exceptional theoretical capacity have garnered significant interest in large‐scale electrochemical energy storage devices due to their low cost, abundant ...material, inherent safety, high specific energy, and ecofriendly nature. Metal carbides/nitrides, known as MXenes, have emerged as a large family of 2D transition metal carbides or carbonitrides with excellent properties, e.g., high electrical conductivity, large surface functional groups (e.g., F, O, and OH), low energy barriers for the diffusion of electrolyte ions with wide interlayer spaces. After a decade of effort, significant development has been achieved in the synthesis, properties, and applications of MXenes. Thus, it has opened up various exciting opportunities to construct advanced MXene‐based nanostructures for ZIBs with excellent specific energy and power. Herein, this review summarizes the advances across multiple synthesis routes, related properties, morphological and structural characteristics, and chemistries of MXenes for ZIBs. The recent development of MXene‐based electrodes is introduced, and electrolytes for ZIBs are elucidated in detail. MXene‐based rocking chair ZIBs, strategies to enhance the performance of MXene‐based cathodes, suppress the dendrites in MXene‐based anodes, and MXene‐based flexible ZIBs are pointed out. A rational design and modification of the MXenes as well as the production of composites with metal oxides exhibits promise in solving issues and enhancing the electrochemical performance of ZIBs. Finally, the present challenges and future prospects for MXene‐based ZIBs are discussed.
2D MXenes‐based cathodes, anodes, and electrolyte materials for zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are comprehensively reviewed and compared in terms of their mechanism, cost, technical maturity, and recent development. Finally, the progress and strategies to enhance the performance of emerging 2D MXenes for ZIBs are discussed.
Flexible supercapacitors (SCs) are an emergent and promising technology for next-generation energy storage devices. However, low energy densities hindered their practical applications. ...Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets can exhibit excellent electrochemical charge storage properties due to their short ion-diffusion distance and rich electroactive sites with multiple valence states. Herein, we report the direct growth of mesoporous 2D zinc cobaltite nanosheets on a flexible carbon cloth substrate (Zn–Co–O@CC) with an average thickness of ∼45 nm by a facile hydrothermal method at low temperature. The Zn–Co–O@CC electrode displays a high capacitance of 1750, 1573.65 and 1434.37 F g −1 at a current density of 1.5 A g −1 in LiCl, NaCl and KCl neutral aqueous electrolytes, respectively, with excellent rate capabilities at high current densities and demonstrates good cycling stability (>94%) for up to 5000 cycles. Moreover, highly flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) devices have been fabricated using Zn–Co–O@CC as a positive electrode and bimetallic organic framework (MOF)-derived nanoporous carbon polyhedra (NPC@CC) as a negative electrode (Zn–Co–O@CC//NPC@CC). The as-fabricated ASC can operate at a large potential window of 0.0–2.0 V and shows outstanding energy storage performance by delivering an ultra-high energy density of 117.92 W h kg −1 at a power density of 1490.4 W kg −1 with a cycling stability of 94% after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. To the best of our knowledge, the achieved energy storage performance of the ASC device is very competitive and the highest among all binary metal oxides, carbonaceous materials, and MXene-based SCs and ASCs to date. The applied strategy to fabricate SCs is capable of enhancing both electrochemical activity and cycling stability, and can be readily applied to other metal oxide-based SCs.
Now-a-days, cancer is becoming one of the major problems of public health in the world. Pharmacology treatment is a way to increase quality and long life. Predominantly, in last decade sulfonamide ...derivatives have been described as potential carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. In the present work, we describe recent advances during the last decade in medicinal chemistry of sulfonamides derivatives with some examples of rational design as anti-tumoral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents. We show strategy design, structure-activity relationship, biological activity and advances of new sulfonamide compounds that have more health significance than some clinically used sulfonamides.
Abstract
It is interesting to develop effective fish sampling techniques using underwater videos and image processing to automatically estimate and consequently monitor the fish biomass and ...assemblage in water bodies. Such approaches should be robust against substantial variations in scenes due to poor luminosity, orientation of fish, seabed structures, movement of aquatic plants in the background and image diversity in the shape and texture among fish of different species. Keeping this challenge in mind, we propose a unified approach to detect freely moving fish in unconstrained underwater environments using a Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network, a state-of-the-art machine learning technique used to solve generic object detection and localization problems. To train the neural network, we employ a novel approach to utilize motion information of fish in videos via background subtraction and optical flow, and subsequently combine the outcomes with the raw image to generate fish-dependent candidate regions. We use two benchmark datasets extracted from a large Fish4Knowledge underwater video repository, Complex Scenes dataset and the LifeCLEF 2015 fish dataset to validate the effectiveness of our hybrid approach. We achieve a detection accuracy (F-Score) of 87.44% and 80.02% respectively on these datasets, which advocate the utilization of our approach for fish detection task.
Binder-free CoMoO4 hexagonal nanosheets have been directly grown on the surface of conductive carbon fabric cloth (CoMoO4@CFC) as a hybrid electrode material for pseudocapacitors (PCs) with ...outstanding electrochemical properties. The as-prepared CoMoO4@CFC sample was structurally and morphologically characterized using various techniques. Microstructure analysis reveals that the hexagonal like 2D structure possesses mesoporous characteristics with abundant electroactive sites as a charge storage host. The CoMoO4@CFC was evaluated as a positive electrode material for pseudocapacitors, which revealed a maximum specific capacitance of 1210 F/g at 2.5 A/g with exceptional rate capability and outstanding cycling stability of 91% after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. The 2D mesoporous hexagonal-like structure provides improved electrolyte movement during charging/discharging process and additional active sites for redox reactions. In addition, the charge storage quantification of diffusion and capacitive charge mechanism was determined by employing Power's law, and accordingly, the CoMoO4@CFC electrode was attributed to a high capacitive charge value of (80% at rate 2.5 mV/s). Thus, this work specifies simple and cost-effective method to fabricate pseudocapacitors electrode materials with high energy density and improved cyclic life for energy storage devices.
Synthesis of porous materials is very attractive due to their various applications in era of water purification. The other advantage is due the structural and functionality of stable MOFs-based ...porous materials. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are spongy like structures that are composed of transition metals coordinately linked or protected via ligands may be responsible for the active centers and large surface area. In this mini review, we have emphasized the development of water stable Zr-MOFs that have been potentially used as emerging adsorbents for cationic and anionic contaminants in water. The main focus of this review is on the detail study of stability as well as the factors affecting the stability of Zr-based MOFs, including the adsorbent capacities, thermodynamics and kinetic studies. Moreover we have discussed the introduction of metal ions to organic linkers having more replaceable atoms that makes them more reliable adsorbents than other conventional adsorbents. Of note the Zr-MOFs exhibit as an emerging platform for the cost effective, eco-friendly approach and interesting adsorbent-adsorbate interactions for water treatment.
With the growing energy demand for a low carbon economy, it is important to develop new materials that can enhance the effectiveness of energy storage and energy conversion systems. We report a ...kinetics-controlled reaction for the synthesis of bimetallic organic frameworks. Furthermore, uniform ZnCoS@CoS yolk–shell structures were fabricated via sulfidation and then converted to ZnCoS@Co9S8/N-doped carbon single-holed hollow core–shell structures by calcination under nitrogen. Such a core–shell structure effectively withstands the dramatic volume change and inhibits the aggregation of metal nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the N-doped porous carbon offers fast electron transport to achieve exceptionally high rate capability. As a result, single-holed hollow core–shell ZnCoS@Co9S8/N-doped carbon shows admirable electrochemical activity as an anode material in lithium ion batteries. Furthermore, this paper also discloses the synergistic effect of the chalcogenide phase and metal on the Li storage capability.
•Faxon fir showed a preferentially nutrient allocation to needles than other organs.•With the elevation increasing, Faxon fir may be limited by P.•As the climate warms, high-altitude Faxon fir will ...be increasingly with N-restricted.•Faxon fir made a cooperative change among nutrient, hydraulic, and morphological.
High-altitude mountain plants are at risk of extinction due to global warming. Our study examined the stoichiometric characteristics of high-altitude plants in response to a progressively warming climate, as well as exploring potential relationships between hydraulic conductivity efficiency, stoichiometric characteristics, and morphological traits. As the research object, it was decided to conduct this investigation using the Faxon fir, a dominant species in the Minjiang River Basin with better water conditions. The sampling time was four months. In July 2019, October 2019, January 2020, and April 2020, the stoichiometric characteristics (N and P) in needles, branches, stems, and roots of Faxon fir were measured along an altitude gradient at 200 m intervals from 2800 m to 3600 m. We also measured morphological traits and hydraulic traits. This study showed that the Faxon fir N P stoichiometric preferentially to needles, followed by branches and roots, and finally at the trunk, and the Faxon fir was in an N-restricted state. N and P elements exhibit a significant correlation with morphological traits, while the relationship between P elements and hydraulic characteristics is mediated indirectly through morphological traits. At high altitudes, climate warming will increase the N limitation of Faxon fir, but the effect on P limitation will be relatively limited. Climate environment and water status are closely related to the distribution of N P nutrients in the organs. Undoubtedly, climate change will directly affect the survival of high-altitude plants, and appropriate survival strategies can encourage plants to adapt to climate changes by balancing energy distribution among different organs and tissues.
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