Accumulating evidence indicates alterations in lipid metabolism and lipid composition in neoplastic tissue. Earlier nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that the contents of major lipid groups, ...such as triacylglycerols, phospholipids and cholesterol, are changed in colon cancer tissue.
In this study, a more detailed analysis of lipids in cancer and tumor adjacent tissues from colorectal cancer patients, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, allowed for comparison of 199 different lipids between cancer tissue and tumor adjacent tissue using principal component analysis.
Significant differences were found in 67 lipid compounds between the two types of tissue; many of these lipid compounds are bioactive lipids such as ceramides, lysophospholipids or sterols and can influence the development of cancer. Additionally, increased levels of phospholipids and sphingolipids were present, which are major components of the cell membrane, and increases in these lipids can lead to changes in cell membrane properties.
This study showed that many complex lipids are significantly increased or decreased in colon cancer tissue, reflecting significant alterations in lipid metabolism. This knowledge can be used for the selection of potential molecular targets of novel anticancer strategies based on the modulation of lipid metabolism and the composition of the cell membrane in colorectal cancer cells.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The main objective of this study was to adapt analytical procedures for determining antibiotic residues in solid and aquatic samples to marine sediments and to investigate the occurrence of 9 ...sulfonamides, trimethoprim and 2 quinolones in southern Baltic Sea sediments. The analytical procedure was applied to sediment samples characterized as sand and silty sand. The validation results showed that a sensitive and efficient method applying tandem solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was obtained. Analytes were determined in the lower ngg−1 range with good accuracy and precision. The proposed analytical procedure was applied to the analysis of 13 sediment samples collected from the Baltic Sea along the Polish coast. Concentrations of antibiotic residues in environmental samples were calculated based on external matrix-matched calibration. Residues of nine out of twelve of the above antibiotics were detected in sediment samples in a concentrations of up to 419.2ngg−1 d.w. (dry weight). Sulfamethoxazole and sulfachloropyridazine were the most frequently detected compounds (58% of the analyzed samples). The occurrence frequency of trimethoprim was 42% and it was always detected simultaneously with sulfamethoxazole. Preliminary studies on the spatial distribution of the analyzed antibiotics indicate a high level of antibiotics occurring in the Pomeranian Bay and close to the mouths of Polish rivers. The study is the first one to demonstrate the occurrence of antibiotic residues in sediments of the Polish coastal area. The obtained results suggest that sediment can be an important secondary source of antibiotic residues in the marine environment.
•Presentation of a method for the determination of pharmaceuticals in seawater.•Evaluation of contamination of the southern Baltic Sea by pharmaceuticals.•Pollution hotspots found in semi-enclosed ...bodies of water: bays and river mouths.•Concentrations of drugs in marine waters too low to cause acute toxic effects.•The first such extensive study of this topic.
In this study the occurrence of thirteen pharmaceuticals in seawaters collected from southern Baltic Sea was evaluated for the first time. It was performed by applying newly developed analytical procedure. The method was characterized in terms of its basic validation parameters as well as matrix effects, extraction efficiency and absolute recovery. The results were expressed as result±expanded uncertainty, which was estimated according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. Additionally, in order to verify the influence of variable parameters of the analyzed samples on method performance parameters, chemometric analysis was carried out. The obtained results revealed that residues of pharmaceuticals were present in seawaters at a concentration level of ngL−1. Trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and enrofloxacin were most frequently detected compounds. The highest concentration was determined for ketoprofen (135.0±10.9ngL−1). Marine pollution potential hotspots were found in enclosed or semi-enclosed bodies of water.
•The 04BM beamline is operational and very effective for the soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy.•The examples for PEEM and XAS end stations show good surface sensitivity down to submonolayer material ...thickness.•The transition metal sensitivity using XAS is down to submonolayer material thickness.•The nanocomposite films were decomposed to different iron oxide phases.
The spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation is the advanced tool for materials characterization. In the current work we are reporting recent activity in this research field implemented at the 04BM (PEEM/XAS) beamline of the National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS in Krakow, Poland. The beamline is designed to cover wide energy range of soft X-rays, which is well suited for a broad range of applications, including surface physics, material science and magnetism. The comparison of the experimental parameters and selected examples of the results achieved on the PEEM and XAS end stations is demonstrated.
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been suggested as a marker and mediator of cardiovascular diseases. However, data are contradictory, and the mechanisms are obscure. Strikingly, the role of the TMAO ...precursor trimethylamine (TMA) has not drawn attention in cardiovascular studies even though toxic effects of TMA were proposed several decades ago. We assessed plasma TMA and TMAO levels in healthy humans (HH) and cardiovascular patients qualified for aortic valve replacement (CP). The cytotoxicity of TMA and TMAO in rat cardiomyocytes was evaluated using an MTT test. The effects of TMA and TMAO on albumin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assessed using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. In comparison to HH, CP had a two-fold higher plasma TMA (
< 0.001) and a trend towards higher plasma TMAO (
= 0.07). In CP plasma, TMA was inversely correlated with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR,
= 0.002). TMA but not TMAO reduced cardiomyocytes viability. Incubation with TMA but not TMAO resulted in the degradation of the protein structure of LDH and albumin. In conclusion, CP show increased plasma TMA, which is inversely correlated with eGFR. TMA but not TMAO exerts negative effects on cardiomyocytes, likely due to its disturbing effect on proteins. Therefore, TMA but not TMAO may be a toxin and a marker of cardiovascular risk.
Water deficit affects the growth as well as physiological and biochemical processes in plants. The aim of this study was to determine differences in physiological and biochemical responses to drought ...stress in two wheat cultivars—Chinese Spring (CS) and SQ1 (which are parents of a mapping population of doubled haploid lines)—and to relate these responses to final yield and agronomic traits. Drought stress was induced by withholding water for 14 days, after which plants were re-watered and maintained until harvest. Instantaneous gas exchange parameters were evaluated on the 3rd, 5th, 10th, and 14th days of seedling growth under drought. After 14 days, water content and levels of chlorophyll a+b, carotenoids, malondialdehyde, soluble carbohydrates, phenolics, salicylic acid, abscisic acid (ABA), and polyamines were measured. At final maturity, yield components (grain number and weight), biomass, straw weight, and harvest index were evaluated. Physiological and biochemical parameters of CS responded more than those of SQ1 to the 14-day drought, reflected in a greater reduction in final biomass and yield in CS. Marked biochemical differences between responses of CS and SQ1 to the drought were found for soluble carbohydrates and polyamines. These would be good candidates for testing in the mapping population for the coincidence of the genetic control of these traits and final biomass and yield.
As a result of oat (Avena sativa L.) × maize (Zea mays L.) crossing, maize chromosomes may not be completely eliminated at the early stages of embryogenesis, leading to the oat × maize addition (OMA) ...lines development. Introgression of maize chromosomes into oat genome can cause morphological and physiological modifications. The aim of the research was to evaluate the leaves' anatomy, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and yield parameter of oat doubled haploid (DH) and OMA lines obtained by oat × maize crossing. The present study examined two DH and two disomic OMA lines and revealed that they differ significantly in the majority of studied traits, apart from: the number of cells of the outer bundle sheath; light energy absorption; excitation energy trapped in PSII reaction centers; and energy dissipated from PSII. The OMA II line was characterized by larger size of single cells in the outer bundle sheath and greater number of seeds per plant among tested lines.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Increased grain yield (GY) is the primary breeding target of wheat breeders. We performed the genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 168 elite winter wheat lines from an ongoing breeding program to ...identify the main determinants of grain yield. Sequencing of Diversity Array Technology fragments (DArTseq) resulted in 19,350 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and presence-absence variation (PAV) markers. We identified 15 main genomic regions located in ten wheat chromosomes (1B, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3D, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B, and 7B) that explained from 7.9 to 20.3% of the variation in grain yield and 13.3% of the yield stability. Loci identified in the reduced genepool are important for wheat improvement using marker-assisted selection. We found marker-trait associations between three genes involved in starch biosynthesis and grain yield. Two starch synthase genes (
TraesCS2B03G1238800
and
TraesCS2D03G1048800
) and a sucrose synthase gene (
TraesCS3D03G0024300
) were found in regions of
QGy.rut-2B.2
,
QGy.rut-2D.1
, and
QGy.rut-3D
, respectively. These loci and other significantly associated SNP markers found in this study can be used for pyramiding favorable alleles in high-yielding varieties or to improve the accuracy of prediction in genomic selection.
Abstract
It has been suggested that trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), a liver oxygenation product of gut bacteria-produced trimethylamine (TMA), is a marker of cardiovascular risk. However, mechanisms of ...the increase and biological effects of TMAO are obscure. Furthermore, the potential role of TMAO precursor, that is TMA, has not been investigated. We evaluated the effect of age, a cardiovascular risk factor, on plasma levels of TMA and TMAO, gut bacteria composition, gut-to-blood penetration of TMA, histological and hemodynamic parameters in 3-month-old and 18-month-old, male, Sprague–Dawley and Wistar–Kyoto rats. Cytotoxicity of TMA and TMAO was studied in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Older rats showed significantly different gut bacteria composition, a significantly higher gut-to-blood TMA penetration, and morphological and hemodynamic alterations in intestines. In vitro, TMA at concentration of 500 µmol/L (2-fold higher than in portal blood) decreased human vascular smooth muscle cells viability. In contrast, TMAO at 1,000-fold higher concentration than physiological one had no effect on human vascular smooth muscle cells viability. In conclusion, older rats show higher plasma level of TMA due to a “leaky gut”. TMA but not TMAO affects human vascular smooth muscle cells viability. We propose that TMA but not TMAO may be a marker and mediator of cardiovascular risk.
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•Among over 100 volatile compounds in the hop essential oil β-myrcene dominates.•The hop essential oil incorporates into lipid monolayers and bilayers.•The components of the hop ...essential oil change elasticity of model membrane.•Components of the hop essential oil alter morphology of model bacteria membrane.
Many plant-derived compounds possess antimicrobial, antioxidant and even anticancer activities. Therefore, they are considered as substances that can be used instead of synthetic compounds in various applications. In this work, the essential oil from hop cones was extracted and analyzed, and then its effects on model bacteria membranes were studied to verify whether the hop essential oils could be used as ecological pesticides. The experiments involved surface pressure-area measurements, penetration studies and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) imaging of lipid monolayers as well as hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, steady-state fluorescence anisotropy and Cryo-Transmission Electron Microscopy (cryo-TEM) measurements of liposomes. Finally the bactericidal tests on plant pathogen bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans PCM 1410 were performed. The obtained results showed that the components of the essential oils from hop cones incorporate into lipid monolayers and bilayers and alter their fluidity. However, the observed effect is determined by the system composition, its condensation and the oil concentration. Interestingly, at a given dose, the effect of the essential oil on membranes was found to stabilize. Moreover, BAM images proved that hop oil prevents the formation of a large fraction of a condensed phase at the interface. Both the studies on model membranes as well as the in vitro tests allow one to conclude that the hop essential oil could likely be considered as the candidate to be used in agriculture as a natural pesticide.
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