HHO gas is one promising alternative as an alternative for fossil fuels, nevertheless, several challenges need to be overcome in order for HHO gas to become a viable option for global use. This paper ...presentsbibliometric analysis, HHO gases production methods, and challenges of using HHO gas. The primary objective of this review paper is to provide views, assessments, and evaluations of the published literature on HHO gas, both the production and use challenges of HHO gas. This review article uses several software programs including origin for graph visualization, Microsoft excel for processing data, and VOSviewer for analyzing bibliographic mappings. HHO production can be done by adding KOH electrolyte solution. Factors that affect the production of HHO gas include electrolyte properties, electrolyte concentration, and distance between electrodes. An increase in the concentration of the electrolysis solution leads to an increase in the production of HHO gas. The production of HHO gas can also be done with the addition of Na2CO3 or K2CO3 which can produce high H2 gas. The pre-combustion mercury removal technique using coal electrolysis produces hydrogen byproducts with 50% less energy than water electrolysis. A single Pt circuit at TiO2 support (Pt1/def-TiO2) forms a highly efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen production. The main challenges of HHO gas in terms of production, storage, distribution, safety, cost of HHO gas production.
Water has recently become a final disposal site for wastewater. Land use has evolved with the global population growth and is generally transformed into settlements and industrial areas. These land ...use changes could potentially increase wastewater generation from both domestic and non-domestic activities. The Garang watershed, one of the watersheds in Central Java, flows through the Semarang Regency, Kendal Regency, and Semarang City. This study analyzed the water quality conditions in the Garang watershed and designed a real-time water quality monitoring system. The methods used in this study included SWMM modeling, the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI), and the Internet of Things. Samples were collected from 10 points in the Garang Watershed, with a sampling frequency of five times at each point. The results of the data analysis demonstrated that the differences in land use resulted in different water parameter levels. The results of the SWMM modeling demonstrated an acceptable model value (NOF between 0 and 1). On the other hand, the WQI analysis results demonstrated that the quality status at the Garang watershed is "medium" at nearly all location points. The designed real-time water quality sensor tool successfully transmitted water quality data online and in real-time, particularly for temperature, pH, turbidity, and DO. This water quality monitoring system offers a variable percentage error value, with the pH sensor ranging between 0.16% and 9.86% and the temperature sensor ranging between 0.64% and 1.72%.
Massive industrial and urban development can cause changes in the quality of river water, one of which is the Garang Watershed, located in Central Java Province. This river is situated in Kendal ...Regency (upper and middle) and Semarang City (middle and lower). This research examined the Garang River's water quality conditions, divided into four sub-basins: Garang Hilir, Garang Hulu, Kreo and Kripik. The parameter assessed in this research is TSS, TDS, Total Phosphate, Nitrate, and Total Coliform Parameters with a total of ten sampling location points were determined based on several criteria using GPS and the SNI 6989.57:2008 sampling method. TSS and TDS concentrations in March-April were observed to be high, especially at sampling point 10. In contrast, total phosphate concentrations were elevated at sampling points 2, 3, and 9; Nitrate values were observed to be high at sampling point 3 in March and sampling point 5 in April; Total coliforms were high at sampling points 1, 3, and 4, all of these is possibly due to domestic waste and the use of fertilizer by agricultural activities. This sampling quality assessment shows a close relationship between human activities and agricultural activities in river water quality, especially in the Garang River.
Bumi Rasa is a community empowerment program conducted by PT. Timah Tbk Primary Tin Production Unit. This community empowerment is undertaken in the Damar village, East Belitung Regency. The program ...consists of several programs, namely catering, stationery, traditional cakes, cleaning services, and laundry. The Bumi Rasa program has a significant impact on the economic and environmental development of the village. Therefore, this study analyzes the satisfaction level of the program using the satisfaction index survey method. This study aims to measure the satisfaction level of the recipients of the community development program. The Bumi Rasa program received a satisfaction index of 3.06 from the community, which converted to a satisfaction index of 76.67, indicating that the community is very satisfied with the program
Climate change as a global phenomenon is inevitable, including in Indonesia. Its impacts include rising sea levels, expanding coral bleaching, and declining coastal ecosystems, particularly mangrove ...forests and coral reefs. Many research explores the characteristics of vulnerability to climate change in coastal cities and seeks feasible adaptation options for these cities with method used involved surveys of residents, interviews with experts, and statistical analysis and modeling. Although efforts have been made to prevent climate change, there is still a lack of research that explores the broader impacts of these efforts. In this regard, few studies have measured the social, economic, or environmental value that arises from these efforts. This study aims to evaluate, measure, and assess the impacts that have occurred as a result of the implementation of the program from environmental, economic, welfare, and social perspectives comprehensively. The result show that the SROI study results indicate that the Pulau Tahan program has positive economic, social, and environmental impacts. However, the on-field study also found a less positive fact regarding the availability of crab seedlings.
Transitioning to a circular economy as an option of mitigating environmental challenges posed by traditional linear consumption patterns has garnered considerable attention. This study examines ...innovative approaches to circular economy principles in the context of Salatiga's domestic waste management. The aim is to conduct a thorough evaluation of various waste management technologies and their potential to contribute to a more sustainable and circular waste management system. The research utilizes a review-based technique, drawing insights from current academic literature, papers, and case studies relevant to circular economy practices and household waste management technologies. To find new methods that have been successfully implemented in a variety of cities, a comprehensive literature search is performed. This research attempts to give a thorough evaluation of these methods' relevance to the Salatiga environment by assessing their accomplishments, obstacles, and outcomes. This research showed that several waste management techniques, such as landfilling, incineration, and minimal recycling, are used in Salatiga. The research uncovered a number of novel methods for enacting a circular economy, including community-based recycling programs, waste-to-energy conversion, and expanded producer responsibility efforts. Few people are aware of the issue, there isn't enough support system in place, and resources are restricted.
Securing clean drinking water in developing countries is imperative for human survival, yet persistent challenges exist in cost implementation and technical operations. This paper aims to assess ...disinfection methods, with a focus on the efficacy of chlorination and ozonation in neutralizing bacteria. By thoroughly examining both conventional and advanced disinfection techniques, the paper offers a comprehensive perspective on potential solutions. The analysis scrutinizes key parameters, particularly the efficiency in neutralizing bacteria, revealing chlorination and ozonation as standout methods. Furthermore, considerations of cost-effectiveness underscore the viability of diverse options, including solar disinfection, solar pasteurization, alternative pasteurization methods, chlorine dioxide, and filtration. In essence, this paper serves as an essential resource for those navigating the complexities of water quality and accessibility, particularly in regions where the need is most acute.
