ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluation of the results of the use of VEPTR (Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib - Synthes Spine Co.(r), West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA) as an option in spinal ...instrumentation without fusion in younger children with scoliosis, considering the complications inherent to spinal fusion in this age group. Methods: Sixteen (16) patients with scoliosis, regardless of etiology, with a mean age of 5.2 (3-8) years, were followed up by Spine Surgery Group at Hospital Getúlio Vargas, Recite-PE, and were submitted to surgical correction of the deformity using VEPTR, from April/2009 to July/2014. The survey was conducted through medical register review, and photographic and radiographic records, with the measurement of pre- and postoperative curves by the Cobb method. Results: The mean values of Cobb angle in the preoperative period, in the immediate postoperative period and after the last distraction were, respectively, 84.1° (112°-60°), 55.4° (92°-16°) and 64.4° (100°-16°), with an average initial correction of 28.7° (34.1%) and final correction of 19.7° (23.4%). The mean follow-up was 23.1 (0-61) months with an average distraction of 3.1 (0-8). The complication rate in this study was 62.5%. Conclusion: The VEPTR presented considerable correction rates of scoliosis curves in patients whose age contraindicate the spinal fusion methods. It is necessary to improve the technique and the implant itself in order to reduce complication rates, which can be considered relatively high, in addition to the conduction of more studies with longer follow-up to determine the actual efficacy of the implant and the maintenance of long-term correction.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluación de los resultados del uso de VEPTR (Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib - Synthes Spine Co.(r), West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA) como una opción en la instrumentación espinal sin fusión en niños más jóvenes con escoliosis, teniendo en cuenta las complicaciones inherentes a la fusión espinal en este grupo de edad. Métodos: Un total de dieciséis (16) pacientes con escoliosis, independientemente de su etiología, y con una edad media de 5,2 (3-8) años, acompañados por el Grupo de Columna Vertebral del Hospital Getúlio Vargas, Recife-PE, sometidos a la corrección quirúrgica de la deformidad mediante el uso de VEPTR de abril/2009 a julio/2014. La encuesta se realizó a través de revisión de las historias clínicas y los registros fotográficos y radiográficos, con la medición de las curvas pre y postoperatorias realizadas por el método de Cobb. Resultados: Los valores medios de Cobb, antes de la cirugía, en el postoperatorio inmediato y después de la última distracción fueron, respectivamente, 84,1° (112°-60°), 55,4° (92°-16°) y 64,4° (100°-16°), con una corrección inicial promedio de 28,7° (34,1%) y final de 19,7° (23,4%). El promedio de seguimiento fue de 23,1 (0-61) meses, con un promedio de distracción de 3,1 (0-8). La tasa de complicaciones en este estudio fue del 62,5%. Conclusión: El VEPTR presentó considerables tasas de corrección de las curvas de escoliosis en pacientes cuya edad contraindica los métodos de fusión espinal. Es necesario mejorar la técnica y el propio implante a fin de reducir las tasas de complicaciones, que pueden considerarse relativamente altas, además de la realización de un mayor número de estudios con un seguimiento más largo para determinar la verdadera eficacia del implante y el mantenimiento de la corrección a largo plazo.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliação dos resultados do uso do VEPTR (Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib - Synthes Spine Co.(r), West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA) como opção na instrumentação vertebral sem fusão em crianças mais jovens portadoras de escoliose, considerando as complicações inerentes à fusão vertebral nessa faixa etária. Métodos: Foram avaliados 16 (dezesseis) pacientes portadores de escoliose, independentemente da etiologia, e com média de idade de 5,2 (3 a 8) anos, acompanhados pelo Grupo de Cirurgia da Coluna Vertebral do Hospital Getúlio Vargas, Recife-PE, e submetidos à correção cirúrgica da deformidade por meio da utilização do VEPTR no período de abril/2009 a julho/2014. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de revisão de prontuários, além de registros fotográficos e radiográficos, com a medida das curvas pré e pós-operatórias efetuadas pelo método de Cobb. Resultados: Os valores médios de Cobb pré-operatório, no pós-operatório imediato e após a última distração foram, respectivamente, 84,1° (112°-60°), 55,4° (92°-16°) e 64,4° (100°-16°), com uma correção inicial média de 28,7° (34,1%) e final de 19,7°(23,4%). A média de acompanhamento foi de 23,1 (0 a 61) meses com a média de distrações de 3,1 (0 a 8). A taxa de complicações no presente estudo foi de 62,5%. Conclusão: O VEPTR apresentou taxas de correção consideráveis das curvas escolióticas em pacientes cuja idade contraindica os métodos de fusão vertebral. Faz-se necessário aprimorar a técnica e o próprio implante a fim de reduzir as taxas de complicação, que podem ser consideradas relativamente elevadas, além da elaboração de um maior número de estudos com acompanhamento mais longo a fim de verificar a real eficácia do implante quanto à manutenção da correção a longo prazo.
Exercise training effects on the contractility of aged myocardium have been investigated for more than 20 years, but the data are still unclear. This study evaluated the hypothesis that a swimming ...training (ST) may improve myocardial inotropism in older rats. Male Wistar rats aged 4 (young)-and 21 (old)-months-old were divided into young untrained (YNT), old untrained (ONT), and old trained (OTR; 6 weeks of ST) groups. Echocardiography and hemodynamic were employed to assess left ventricular morphology and function. Myocardial mechanics was evaluated on papillary muscles. Histological and immunoblotting were carried out to evaluate fibrosis and proteins that modulate the myocardial function and calcium handling. We found that older rats did not show cardiac dysfunction, but ONT group showed lower physical performance during a swimming test (YNT: 5 ± 2; ONT: -16 ± 0.4; OTR: 51 ± 3; Δ%, sec). Moreover, ONT group showed worse myocardial inotropism, in which it was reversed by ST (Peak developed tension: YNT: 6.2 ± 0.7; ONT: 3.9 ± 0.3; OTR: 6.9 ± 0.9; g/mm2). The ST was associated with preserved collagen content (YNT: 0.38 ± 0.05; ONT: 0.78 ± 0.12; OTR: 0.34 ± 0.09; %). Exercise partially mitigated the effects of aging on intracellular Ca2+-regulating protein (eg, L-Ca2+ channel and phospholamban) and β-isoform of myosin. Thus, we propose that these molecular alterations together with inhibition of collagen increase contribute to improved myocardial performance in older rats.
We investigated whether low-level laser therapy (LLLT) prior to or post resistance exercise could attenuate muscle damage and inflammation. Female Wistar rats were assigned to non-LLLT or LLLT ...groups. An 830-nm DMC Laser Photon III was used to irradiate their hind legs with 2J, 4J, and 8J doses. Irradiations were performed prior to or post (4J) resistance exercise bouts. Resistance exercise consisted of four maximum load climbs. The load work during a resistance exercise bout was similar between Control (non-LLLT, 225 ± 10 g), 2J (215 ± 8 g), 4J (210 ± 9 g), and 8J (226 ± 9 g) groups. Prior LLLT did not induce climbing performance improvement, but exposure to 4J irradiation resulted in lower blood lactate levels post-exercise. The 4J dose decreased creatine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase levels post-exercise regardless of the time of application. Moreover, 4-J irradiation exposure significantly attenuated tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-1beta, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. There was minor macrophage muscle infiltration in 4J-exposed rats. These data indicate that LLLT prior to or post resistance exercise can reduce muscle damage and inflammation, resulting in muscle recovery improvement. We attempted to determine an ideal LLLT dose for suitable results, wherein 4J irradiation exposure showed a significant protective role.
High-intensity resistance exercise (RE) increases oxidative stress leading to deleterious effects on muscle performance and recovery. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of applying ...low-level laser therapy (LLLT) prior to a RE session on muscle oxidative stress and to determine the possible influence of the dosimetric parameters. Female Wistar rats were assigned to non-LLLT (Ctr: non-exercised control; RNI: RE) or LLLT groups subjected to RE (radiant energy: 4 J, 8 J, and 12 J, respectively). RE consisted of four maximum load climbs. An 830-nm DMC Lase Photon III was used to irradiate three points in gastrocnemius muscles (two limbs) before exercise. Animals were euthanized after 60 min after the end of the exercise, and muscle tissue was removed for analysis of oxidative stress markers. All doses resulted in the prevention of increased lipoperoxidation; however, LLLT prevented protein oxidation only in rats that were pretreated with 8 J and 12 J of energy by LLLT. RE and LLLT did not change catalase activity. However, RE resulted in lower superoxide dismutase activity, and the opposite was observed in the LLLT group. These data indicate that LLLT prior to RE can prevent muscle oxidative stress. This study is the first to evaluate the impact of dosimetric LLLT parameters on the oxidative stress induced by RE, wherein both 8 J and 12 J of energy afforded significant protection.
The post-myocardial infarction heart failure (HF) still carries a huge burden since current therapy is unsuccessful to abrogate poor prognosis. Thus, new approaches are needed, and photobiomodulation ...therapy (PBMt) may be a way. However, it is not known whether PBMt added to a standard HF therapy provides additional improvement in cardiac remodeling in infarcted rats. This study sought to determine the combined carvedilol-drug and PBMt with low-level laser therapy value in HF. Rats with large infarcts were treated for 30 days. The functional fitness was evaluated using a motorized treadmill. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements were used for functional evaluations of left ventricular (LV). ELISA, Western blot and biochemical assays were used to evaluate inflammation and oxidative stress in the myocardium. Carvedilol and PBMt had a similar action in normalizing pulmonary congestion and LV end-diastolic pressure, attenuating LV dilation, and improving LV systolic function. Moreover, the application of PBMt to carvedilol-treated rats inhibited myocardial hypertrophy and improved +dP/dt of LV. PBMt alone prevented inflammation with a superior effect than carvedilol. Carvedilol and PBMt normalized 4-hydroxynonenal (a lipoperoxidation marker) levels in the myocardium. However, importantly, the addition of PBMt to carvedilol attenuated oxidized protein content and triggered a high activity of the anti-oxidant catalase enzyme. In conclusion, these data show that the use of PBMt plus carvedilol therapy results in a significant additional improvement in HF in a rat model of myocardial infarction. These beneficial effects were observed to be due, at least in part, to decreased myocardial inflammation and oxidative stress.
IntroductionThere is an increasing demand for multi-organ donors for organ transplantation programmes. This study protocol describes the Donation Network to Optimise Organ Recovery Study, a planned ...cluster randomised controlled trial that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of an evidence-based, goal-directed checklist for brain-dead potential organ donor management in intensive care units (ICUs) in reducing the loss of potential donors due to cardiac arrest.Methods and analysisThe study will include ICUs of at least 60 Brazilian sites with an average of ≥10 annual notifications of valid potential organ donors. Hospitals will be randomly assigned (with a 1:1 allocation ratio) to the intervention group, which will involve the implementation of an evidence-based, goal-directed checklist for potential organ donor maintenance, or the control group, which will maintain the usual care practices of the ICU. Team members from all participating ICUs will receive training on how to conduct family interviews for organ donation. The primary outcome will be loss of potential donors due to cardiac arrest. Secondary outcomes will include the number of actual organ donors and the number of organs recovered per actual donor.Ethics and disseminationThe institutional review board (IRB) of the coordinating centre and of each participating site individually approved the study. We requested a waiver of informed consent for the IRB of each site. Study results will be disseminated to the general medical community through publications in peer-reviewed medical journals.Trial registration number NCT03179020; Pre-results.
The aim of this study was to determine whether oxidative stress markers are influenced by low-intensity laser therapy (LLLT) in rats subjected to a high-intensity resistive exercise session (RE). ...Female Wistar rats divided into three experimental groups (Ctr: control, 4J: LLLT, and RE) and subdivided based on the sampling times (instantly or 24 h postexercise) underwent irradiation with LLLT using three-point transcutaneous method on the hind legs, which was applied to the gastrocnemius muscle at the distal, medial, and proximal points. Laser (4J) or placebo (device off) were carried out 60 sec prior to RE that consisted of four climbs bearing the maximum load with a 2 min time interval between each climb. Lipoperoxidation levels and antioxidant capacity were obtained in muscle. Lipoperoxidation levels were increased (4-HNE and CL markers) instantly post-RE. LLLT prior to RE avoided the increase of the lipid peroxidation levels. Similar results were also notified for oxidation protein assays. The GPx and FRAP activities did not reduce instantly or 24 h after RE. SOD increased 24 h after RE, while CAT activity did not change with RE or LLLT. In conclusion, LLLT prior to RE reduced the oxidative stress markers, as well as, avoided reduction, and still increased the antioxidant capacity.
Este trabalho busca elencar o quantitativo de artigos publicados em alguns periódicos nacionais que tratem a Física e a Química de maneira interdisciplinar. Para delimitar o espaço amostral, ...limitamo-nos a fazer apontamentos considerando somente os trabalhos com o enfoque no Ensino Básico. A busca foi realizada a partir da palavra interdisciplinar em periódicos da área de Ensino de Ciências com Qualis/CAPES A1, A2, B1 e B2, entre os anos de 2009 e 2019. O foco foram os artigos que abordavam a Física e Química de maneira interdisciplinar. A discussão tem como fundamento os documentos oficiais de educação a respeito da interdisciplinaridade, como também as contribuições provenientes da leitura dos textos selecionados. Como resultado, pudemos verificar que a maioria dos trabalhos que tratam da Física e Química de maneira interdisciplinar está concentrada no Ensino Superior, sendo que no segundo quinquênio foi possível verificar um aumento substancial na quantidade de trabalhos publicados nos periódicos analisados. Também foi possível verificar que os periódicos que contribuem com cerca de 80% de toda publicação coletada nesta pesquisa são: Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Ciências e Tecnologia, Revista Areté/Revista Amazônica de Ensino de Ciências e Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física, sendo esta última, responsável por agrupar metade dos artigos selecionados para esta análise.
FUNDAMENTO: Poucos estudos analisaram os efeitos cardíacos do exercício físico prévio à oclusão coronariana. OBJETIVO: Avaliar, em ratas submetidas a exercício físico, as repercussões do infarto do ...miocárdio. MÉTODOS: Ratas foram submetidas à natação ou permaneceram sedentárias por oito semanas e foram randomizadas para oclusão coronariana ou cirurgia simulada, compondo quatro grupos: Sedentário (S), Exercício (E), Sedentário infarto (SIM) e Exercício infarto (EIM). Após seis semanas, foram analisados biometria, ecodopplercardiograma, hemodinâmica e mecânica miocárdica. RESULTADOS: Não foram observados cardioproteção nos animais EIM e diferença no tamanho do infarto (%VE) entre EIM (38,50 ± 4,60%) e SIM (36,58 ± 4,11%). Os teores de água pulmonar (%) de SIM (80 ± 0,59) e EIM (80 ± 0,57) foram maiores do que em S (78 ± 0,15) e E (78 ± 0,57). A pressão sistólica (mmHg) do ventrículo esquerdo (S: 130 ± 5; E: 118 ± 8; SIM: 91 ± 3; EIM: 98 ± 3) e a primeira derivada temporal (mmHg/s) positiva da pressão (S: 8.216 ± 385; E: 8.437 ± 572; SIM: 4.674 ± 455; EIM: 5.080 ± 412) de S e E foram maiores do que em SIM e EIM. As frações de encurtamento da área transversa (%) de SIM (27 ± 2) e EIM (25 ± 2) foram similares e menores do que E (65 ± 2) e S (69 ± 2). A relação E/A foi maior em SIM (5,14 ± 0,61) e EIM (4,73 ± 0,57) em relação a S (2,96 ± 0,24) e E (2,83 ± 0,21). Em estudos de músculos papilares isolados foi verificada depressão da capacidade contrátil semelhante em SIM e EIM, e não houve alteração da rigidez miocárdica. CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento prévio por natação não atenuou as repercussões cardíacas em virtude do infarto do miocárdio.
This article reports on the execution of the #Useful Science project, part of the National Science Science Week (SNCT) of 2017. This project was executed in five rural schools in the micro-region of ...the Middle Mearim (MA), by teachers and students of the Federal University of Maranhão. The activities developed consisted of eleven workshops and a photographic exhibition, through which information and applications of scientific research associated with popular knowledge were presented to the public formed by the school and local communities, seeking to arouse their attention to the resulting effects of the natural sciences and mathematics in your daily life. In addition, children and young people were encouraged to seek new knowledge and scientific and technological careers. The project had a significant participation of the faculty, students and administrators of the schools served, as well as the community in its surroundings. During its execution, 715 citizens were served. After the final evaluations, we verified that the activities accomplished reached their objectives, contributing to the expansion of the understanding about science and technology, detected through the recognition of their relevance and the connections made with their realities.
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