A educação para a sexualidade é um pilar fundamental da saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Contudo, há um distanciamento dessa discussão para adolescentes rurais. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o ...discurso sobre a sexualidade do adolescente no contexto rural e as perspectivas para romper com a ordens do discurso. Adota como metodologia a pesquisa-ação desenvolvida em duas escolas rurais: uma no Brasil e outra na Colômbia. Para análise dos dados foi aplicada a Análise Crítica do Discurso. A sexualidade do adolescente no contexto da escola rural é atravessada por dispositivos que produzem o silenciamento. A construção da sexualidade é marcada pelos modelos biomédico, biológico e sexista que se exacerbam no contexto rural. É preciso reeducar o conceito de sexualidade como dimensão humanizadora e avançar na discussão sobre como a tecnologia e a mídia interferem nos modos de vida e na sexualidade dos adolescentes no contexto rural.
La educación para la sexualidad es un pilar fundamental de la salud sexual y reproductiva. No obstante, hay un distanciamiento de esa discusión para adolescentes rurales. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el discurso sobre la sexualidad del adolescente en el contexto rural y las perspectivas para romper el orden del discurso. Adopta como metodología la investigación-acción desarrollada en dos escuelas rurales, una en Brasil y otra en Colombia. Para el análisis de los datos se adoptó el Análisis Crítico del Discurso. La sexualidad del adolescente en el contexto de la escuela rural está atravesada por dispositivos que producen el silenciamiento. La construcción de la sexualidad está señalada por los modelos biomédico, biológico y sexista que se exacerban en el contexto rural. Es preciso reeducar el concepto de sexualidad como dimensión humanizadora y avanzar en la discusión sobre cómo la tecnología y los medios interfieren en los modos de vida y en la sexualidad de los adolecentes en el contexto rural.
Education for sexuality is a central pillar of sexual and reproductive health. However, adolescents living in rural areas are distanced from this discussion. The aim of this article is to analyze the discourse on the sexuality of adolescents living in rural settings and the prospects for breaking with the orders of discourse. It adopts as methodology the action research study in two rural schools in Brazil and Colombia. The data were analyzed using critical discourse analysis. Adolescent sexuality in the context of rural schools is permeated by devices that create silence. The construction of sexuality is characterized by biomedical, biological and sexist models, which are exacerbated in rural settings. It is necessary to reteach the concept of sexuality as a humanizing dimension and make strides in the discussion of how technology and the media interfere in the ways of life and sexuality of adolescents living in rural areas.
Resumo Objetivo Realizar a adaptação transcultural da escala Attitudes about Poverty and Poor People para estudantes de enfermagem brasileiros. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo metodológico de adaptação ...transcultural. Seguiram-se as fases: tradução, síntese, retrotradução, reunião com tradutores, reunião com peritos, validação de conteúdo, pré-teste e entrevistas cognitivas. A amostra de aplicação da escala foi composta de dez estudantes de enfermagem de uma instituição pública de ensino superior. Foi adotado índice de validade de conteúdo maior que 0,8. Foi verificada a confiabilidade do pré-teste a partir do alfa de Cronbach e split-half (par e ímpar). Resultados Os itens da escala traduzida para o português brasileiro passaram pela avaliação de equivalências semântica, idiomática, experiencial e conceitual. Dois itens apresentaram índice de validade de conteúdo menor que 0,8. Eles sofreram ajustes e passaram por uma segunda rodada de avaliação, com alcance de índice de validade de conteúdo igual a 1. Os valores de confiabilidade do pré-teste foram 0,839 (alfa de Cronbach) e 0,859 (split-half). As entrevistas cognitivas revelaram problemas relacionados principalmente à interpretação. Conclusão A escala adaptada culturalmente para o português brasileiro apresenta validade de conteúdo para a amostra testada. É importante verificar outras evidências de validade, como baseada no processo de resposta, na estrutura interna, na relação com outras variáveis e na consequência da testagem.
Enquadramento: As desigualdades sociais manifestam-se como um desafio contemporâneo e os profissionais de enfermagem possuem um papel importante no seu combate, na defesa da justiça social e na ...promoção de relações de poder mais democráticas. Objetivo: Analisar as dimensões das desigualdades sociais nos discursos de entidades representativas da enfermagem brasileira. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo, do tipo documental, que utilizou 10 documentos de posicionamento público de 3 sociedades da enfermagem brasileira. Resultados: O discurso sobre desigualdades sociais é representado pelas dimensões Género, Raça/Etnia, Fator económico e Outras vulnerabilidades, evidenciando a naturalização do racismo e da discriminação como condição que afeta a sociedade e a enfermagem. Os interesses específicos da enfermagem são apresentados como interesses gerais da sociedade, sobretudo quanto às dimensões de desigualdades de género e raça/etnia. Denúncia, defesa de públicos vulnerabilizados e persuasão dos atores sociais são os principais modos de organização discursiva presentes no posicionamento das entidades. Conclusão: Há um alto comprometimento discursivo das entidades com as desigualdades de grupos sociais, nomeadamente no que concerne ao género, raça/etnia, fator económico e outras vulnerabilidades, num posicionamento político de justiça social.
Resumo Objetivo: analisar o ensino superior da área da saúde no Brasil segundo os resultados do desempenho dos estudantes no Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes de 2019. Método: estudo ...transversal, retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa com dados on-line referentes a 192.715 estudantes de 3.712 cursos da saúde, coletados em 2020. O desempenho dos estudantes foi expresso em conceitos, ordenados em escala de um a cinco. Foram elaborados box-plot e estimadas prevalências dos conceitos e avaliadas diferenças segundo as características administrativas, de gestão e das cidades sede dos cursos por meio de teste estatísticos (α=5%). Resultados: observou-se nível satisfatório do ensino superior de saúde (70,0% com conceito ≥3). Cursos de medicina foram os mais satisfatoriamente avaliados, fonoaudiologia e enfermagem os piores. O ensino público, presencial e em universidades estiveram associados à maior qualidade do ensino. Níveis mais baixos foram verificados nos estados da região Norte, nas cidades pequenas e fora de áreas metropolitanas e naqueles sob gestão privada. Conclusão: verificou-se heterogeneidade na qualidade do ensino superior entre os cursos de saúde, indicando sua associação com características das instituições de ensino e à infraestrutura das cidades sedes dos cursos, apontando desafios para a qualidade da formação em saúde no Brasil.
Resumen Objetivo: analizar la educación superior en el área de la salud en Brasil en función de los resultados del desempeño de los estudiantes en el Examen Nacional de Rendimiento de los Estudiantes de 2019. Método: estudio transversal, retrospectivo con enfoque cuantitativo con datos online referentes a 192.715 estudiantes de 3.712 carreras de salud, recolectados en 2020. El desempeño de los estudiantes se expresó en conceptos, ordenados en una escala de uno a cinco. Se elaboraron box-plots y se estimaron y las prevalencias de los conceptos y se evaluaron las diferencias según las características administrativas, de gestión y de las ciudades sede de las carreras a través de pruebas estadísticas (α=5%). Resultados: se observó un nivel satisfactorio de educación superior en salud (70,0% con concepto ≥3). Las carreas de Medicina obtuvieron las mejores calificaciones, las de Fonoaudiología y Enfermería las peores. Se asoció la educación pública, presencial y universitaria con una educación de mayor calidad. Los niveles más bajos se encontraron en los estados de la región Norte, en los pueblos pequeños y fuera de las áreas metropolitanas, y en las carreras de gestión privada. Conclusión: se verificó que había heterogeneidad en la calidad de la educación superior en las carreras de salud, lo que indica que hay una asociación entre las características de las instituciones educativas y la infraestructura de las ciudades donde se dictan las carreras, y señala que la calidad de la educación en salud en Brasil enfrenta desafíos.
Abstract Objective: to analyze higher education in the health area in Brazil according to the results of the students’ performance in the 2019 National Student Performance Examination. Method: a cross-sectional and retrospective study with a quantitative approach and online data referring to 192,715 students from 3,712 health courses, collected in 2020. The students’ performance was expressed in concepts, ordered on a scale of one to five. Box-plots were prepared, prevalence values of the concepts were estimated, and the differences were evaluated through statistical tests (α=5%) according to the administrative and management characteristics, as well as those of the cities where the courses were offered. Results: there was a satisfactory level of higher education in health (70.0% with a score ≥3). The Medicine courses were the most satisfactorily evaluated while Speech Therapy and Nursing obtained the worst scores. Public, face-to-face and university education were associated with better teaching quality. Lower levels were found in the North region states, in small towns, outside metropolitan areas and in those under private management. Conclusion: heterogeneity in the quality of higher education across the health courses was verified, indicating its association with the characteristics of the teaching institutions and with the infrastructure of the cities where the courses are offered, pointing out challenges to the quality of health education in Brazil.
Adolescents living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are struggling with accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, and COVID-19 has escalated the problem. The purpose of this ...review was to identify and assess the existing literature on the impact of the pandemic on SRH needs and access to services by adolescents in LMICs. A scoping review was conducted to collate findings on the topic. Searches were performed on eight databases. Data were extracted and categorized into various themes. After removing duplicates and performing a full-text reading of all articles, nine articles were included in our review. Our findings generated several themes related to adolescents' sexual and reproductive health during the COVID-19 pandemic. These include (1) limited access to sexual and reproductive health services, (2) school closure and increased rate of early marriages, (3) sexual or intimate partner violence during COVID-19, (4) disruption in maternity care, (5) adolescents' involvement in risky or exploitative work, (6) intervention to improve sexual and reproductive health services during COVID-19, and (7) policy development related to adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Several recommendations were made on policies-for instance, the use of telemedicine and community-based programs as a way to deliver SRH services to adolescents during and after a pandemic.
to analyze the expression of sociopolitical-emancipatory knowledge, based on the participation of women-nurses in social movements, and the implications for nursing care.
a research-interference, ...whose data were obtained from narrative interviews with six women-nurses inserted in social movements and with political representation. Data were submitted to discourse analysis, based on Michel Foucault.
women-nurses' social and political involvement is driven by the contexts of life and work, marked by gender inequalities. Ability to criticize oneself, the profession and health policies and practices are presented as expressions of sociopolitical-emancipatory knowledge. Nursing care is conceived as a political practice that, influenced by learning from social movements, must go through a denial of the historically performed form.
participation in social movements triggers sociopolitical-emancipatory knowledge, resulting in differentiated care, a way of acting oriented towards reducing inequalities.
to analyze obstetric nurses' professional training in Minas Gerais between 1957 and 1999, according to genealogical principles.
a qualitative interpretative study based on historical research with ...genealogical analysis. Data were obtained through documentary research and oral history, with six participants, and submitted to discourse analysis.
they recompose the genealogical path of obstetric nurses' professional training from Minas. The speeches reveal field of practice deprivation in professional training and the importance of the articulation between the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Nursing School and Hospital Sofia Feldman for teaching and work in obstetric nursing. It was identified that training, in the national scenario, evolved from a Escola de Enfermagem Carlos Chagas' peripheral initiative to centrality and capillarity.
the unique historical trajectory of obstetric nurses' professional training in Minas Gerais, marked by ruptures, institutional articulations, conflicting games and interest, was unveiled.
to analyze the nursing systems of understanding and social inequalities from the perspective of student leaders and representatives of nursing professional organizations.
qualitative research ...supported by the theoretical framework of Marxist dialectics. Threerepresentatives of professional organizations and five student leaders participated in the study. Datawere obtained from individual interviews and submitted to Critical Discourse Analysis.
thediscourses are marked by commitment, relational identification and characterize the position of obligation and necessity of nursing in acting with the individuals in situations of inequality, indicating accountability as a social practice. Among the competencies necessary for nursing in confronting social inequalities, political competence is central and is associated with health advocacy.
we conclude that acting on social inequalities is part of the historical construction of nursing. Here, we emphasized the historical importance of Florence Nightingale and her legacy for political action and leadership in nursing.
Objective
To analyze the assessment of attitudes about poverty used in nursing education considering the first Sustainable Development Goal targets. Tools assessing attitudes about poverty have been ...used in nursing education studies to examine the beliefs of nursing students.
Design
An integrative literature review was carried out in five international databases in the areas of health and nursing and in four Latin American and Caribbean databases.
Results
Four tools were identified, with Attitude Toward Poverty Short Form and Attitudes about Poverty and Poor People being the most used in the studies. Items from tools measured attitudes negative, prejudiced, and stigmatizing about the population living in poverty. In addition, items from tools measured a range of concepts from poverty to social inequality and disenfranchisement.
Conclusion
The identification of poverty is a critical strategy for tackling poverty. In this sense, poverty assessment tools have the potential to recognize poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon.
For ABEn, it is essential to consider the demands for training in line with the population's health needs, advances in professional nursing practice, the commitment to consolidating the Unified ...Health System (SUS - Sistema Único de Saude) and developing its competence as an organizer of the training of healthcare professionals in compliance with constitutional references. The debate and formulation of DCN/Nur, based on the draft sent by ABEn, advance and gain power and social legitimacy in the collective construction carried out within the scope of CNS in 2017, through its Intersectoral Committee on Human Resources and Labor Relations (CIRHRT - Comissdo Intersetorialde Recursos Humanos e Relaçöes de Trabalho), which resulted in CNS Resolution 573 of January 31,2018, which approved CNS Opinion 28/2018(,). From the point of view of education, the proposal presented hurts the meaning of education as a process of individual and social transformation, conveys the reductionist conception that training a professional is simply offering a course, a collection of content, without rooting in the world of work, in reality and in the larger commitments to society. ...the proposal presented by CES/CNE weakens the training of new generations of nursing workers, with a strong impact on the quality of the healthcare model and on SUS as a universal access system.
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