Metabolic disorders are characterized by an overall state of inflammation and oxidative stress, which highlight the importance of a functional antioxidant system and normal activity of some ...endogenous enzymes, namely paraoxonase-1 (PON1). PON1 is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory glycoprotein from the paraoxonases family. It is mainly expressed in the liver and secreted to the bloodstream, where it binds to HDL. Although it was first discovered due to its ability to hydrolyze paraoxon, it is now known to have an antiatherogenic role. Recent studies have shown that PON1 plays a protective role in other diseases that are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, such as Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. The aim of this review is to elucidate the physiological role of PON1, as well as the impact of altered PON1 levels in metabolic disorders.
Sustainable agriculture is an agricultural production system that seeks to balance food production with the preservation of natural resources, minimizing environmental impacts, and promoting soil ...health. Microorganisms play a crucial role in agriculture, directly influencing soil quality, plant nutrition, and, therefore, agricultural productivity. This complex interaction between microorganisms and agricultural systems is an ever-expanding area of research. The presence of beneficial microorganisms contributes to the formation of soil aggregates, improving its structure and aeration. This favors root development and the efficient absorption of nutrients by plants. In summary, microorganisms play a vital role in promoting sustainable agriculture, contributing to the efficiency of resource use, reducing dependence on chemical inputs, and preserving the health of the agricultural ecosystem. Therefore, integrating practices that promote microbial activity in the soil is essential for the development of more sustainable and resilient agricultural systems.
In the last decades, some metabolic diseases became a serious problem worldwide whose prevalence has been growth at an alarming rate. The exponential increase of this type of disease is highly ...related with globalization, sedentarism and high intake of processed food rich in saturated fat and cholesterol. Obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are examples of more common metabolic diseases in actual society and appear to be associated with severe metabolic complications such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia. Inflammatory status and oxidation characteristic of metabolic diseases highlights the importance of antioxidant properties of some endogenous enzymes in the progression of this type of diseases such as paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and apolipoprotein J (ApoJ).PON1 is a 43 kDa glycoprotein express in the liver and can be modulated by various external factors including diet increasing or attenuating its activity and expression. ApoJ is a sulfated heterodimeric protein with a molecular weight of 75-80 kDa. ApoJ is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues including the liver and acts like a cytoprotective chaperone of some antioxidants enzyme named PON1.The objective of this experimental work is to elucidate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of PON1 and ApoJ in metabolic diseases, that can act as a form of diagnostic and/or treatment of inflammatory diseases. For this, in vitro models of insulin resistance will be used.The obtained results suggest that ApoJ protein levels seems to be increased in response to oleic and linoleic acid, while PON1 levels were unchanged. Furthermore, it was observed that ApoJ protein levels tend to decrease in hyperglycemia. Further works are needed to elucidate ApoJ and PON1 roles in metabolic diseases.
Moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with beneficial effects on human health. Specifically, consumption of red wine and beer has shown a J-shape relation with many important diseases. ...While a role of ethanol cannot be excluded, the high content of polyphenols in both beverages has been proposed to contribute to these effects, with beer having the advantage over wine that it is lower in alcohol. In addition to ethanol, beer contains a wide variety of compounds with known medicinal potential such as kaempferol, quercetin, tyrosol and phenolic acids, and it is the main dietary source for the flavones xanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin, and bitter acids such as humulones and lupulones. Clinical and pre-clinical evidence for the protective effects of moderate beer consumption against cardiovascular disease and other diseases has been accumulating since the 1990s, and the non-alcoholic compounds of beer likely exert most of the observed beneficial effects. In this review, we summarize and discuss the effects of beer consumption in health and disease as well as the clinical potential of its non-alcoholic compounds which may be promising candidates for new therapies against common chronic diseases.
Cancer continues to be a major public health challenge worldwide, not only for being one of the leading causes of death but also because the number of incident cases is projected to grow in the next ...decades. Meanwhile, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption has risen since the past century and constitutes a considerable fraction of added sugars in daily diet. Several studies have analyzed the relationship between SSB intake and health and found substantial evidence for effects on obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, there is little knowledge about the relationship of SSB with cancer risk. It may be speculated that there is an indirect relationship between SSB and cancer through obesity and metabolic syndrome, but obesity-independent associations through hormonal imbalances or chronic inflammation could also exist. In this review, we describe the epidemiological evidence of the association of SSB and the risk of cancer in adults. Although the epidemiological evidence linking SSB consumption and cancer risk is still limited, prospective studies suggest that high SSB intake may increase the risk of obesity-related cancers, breast and prostate cancer.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
•Lifestyle factors and maternal longevity are related to healthy ageing at age 77, which is life expectancy in Mexico.•Underweight, depression and physical activity are the lifestyle factors related ...to healthy ageing at 77 and at 90 years.•In Mexico, women tend to live longer, men tend to age healthier.•Maternal longevity, a proxy for genetics, is associated with healthy ageing at age 77 and is a protective factor for not losing HA at midlife.
To examine the factors associated with healthy aging in a cohort of Mexican adults after a follow-up of 14 years.
Participants were part of a prospective cohort of the Mexican Healthy Aging Study (MHAS), from which we included 5142 individuals aged 63 years or more.
Healthy aging, defined as reaching age 77 or 90 without major chronic conditions or physical limitations.
Information on age, education, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, self-perceived depression, health conditions and history of age-related diseases was collected at baseline and follow-up.
Among the overall cohort, 57.8% experienced healthy survival to age 77 and 42.2% had died before age 77 or were undergoing normal aging. Participants with long-lived parents and who exercised had a lower risk of being non-healthy agers. Being overweight, obese or a smoker increased the risk of being a non-healthy ager. Physically active participants had increased odds of healthy aging at age 77 (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.01–1.46) and at age 90 (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.01–2.24). Depression had a negative relationship with healthy aging at age 90 (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.45– 0.97). Maternal longevity was associated with healthy aging only at age 77 (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.04–1.72).
Our findings support the view that a combination of genetic and behavioral factors is associated with healthy aging. In accordance with findings in Caucasian populations, our data suggest for the first time that there might also be a genetic determinant for healthy ageing in Latin Americans.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected the outcomes of surgical neuro-oncology patients worldwide. We aimed to review the practice patterns in surgical ...neuro-oncology in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We also present a situational report from our own country.
A scoping review was performed following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines.
Twelve studies were included in the review. Most of the studies were from Asia (India, China, Iran, and Turkey), and 1 was from Brazil. Quantitative reports showed a decrease in the number of surgical neuro-oncology operations between pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 time frames, but similar proportions of neuro-oncology procedures. Qualitative review showed similar practice patterns between LMICs and high-income countries, except for limitations in resources such as negative-pressure operating rooms and intensive care units, and maintenance of face-to-face consults despite the adoption of telemedicine. Limited data on adjuvant therapy were available in LMICs.
In our review, we found that the practice patterns in surgical neuro-oncology in LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic are similar to those in high-income countries, except for a few modifications because of resource limitation and patient preferences.
It has been suggested that the higher susceptibility of Hispanics to metabolic disease is related to their Native American heritage. A frequent cholesterol transporter ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette ...transporter A1) gene variant (R230C, rs9282541) apparently exclusive to Native American individuals was associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, obesity and type 2 diabetes in Mexican Mestizos. We performed a more extensive analysis of this variant in 4405 Native Americans and 863 individuals from other ethnic groups to investigate genetic evidence of positive selection, to assess its functional effect in vitro and to explore associations with HDL-C levels and other metabolic traits. The C230 allele was found in 29 of 36 Native American groups, but not in European, Asian or African individuals. C230 was observed on a single haplotype, and C230-bearing chromosomes showed longer relative haplotype extension compared with other haplotypes in the Americas. Additionally, single-nucleotide polymorphism data from the Human Genome Diversity Panel Native American populations were enriched in significant integrated haplotype score values in the region upstream of the ABCA1 gene. Cells expressing the C230 allele showed a 27% cholesterol efflux reduction (P< 0.001), confirming this variant has a functional effect in vitro. Moreover, the C230 allele was associated with lower HDL-C levels (P = 1.77 × 10−11) and with higher body mass index (P = 0.0001) in the combined analysis of Native American populations. This is the first report of a common functional variant exclusive to Native American and descent populations, which is a major determinant of HDL-C levels and may have contributed to the adaptive evolution of Native American populations.
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