Purpose: The objective of this work was to verify the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of Cupressus sempervirens L. and Cupressus lusitanica Mill botanical fermentates on mycelial growth and ...germination of Colletotrichum fructicola conidia, as well as the antioxidant activity present in the compounds of the fermented botanicals using the DPPH• and ABTS•+ radical inhibition evaluation. Theoretical framework: Plants are a promising source of several bioactive and multifunctional substances. To minimize the impacts of agrochemicals, which sometimes cause harmful environmental effects, alternative social technologies are being investigated more and more, such as the so-called botanical fermented products to control phytopathogenic fungal diseases of agricultural interest. Methods: The antioxidant activity and contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and individual phenolics were determined by spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The mycelial growth and conidia germination of C. fructicola were evaluated in a PDA medium containing the fermentates at zero, 10 % v/v, 20 % v/v, and 40 % v/v. In vivo tests were also conducted using Acca sellowiana leaves inoculated with the phytopathogen. Results and conclusion: The results showed that C. sempervirens fermentate controlled by 100 % the development of the fungal colony in the concentration of 40 vol.% by the dilution method in PDA medium. In the conidia germination, they showed strong antifungal activities against this important phytopathogenic fungus. The active compound identified in the highest concentration from the fermented C. sempervirens was gallic acid and naringin for the fermentate of C. lusitanica. Antioxidant activity varied in the range of 68 – 82 % sweeping depending on the evaluated radical. Research implications: The results of this work show a promising potential for C. sempervirens fermentate to control C. fructicola in the culture of A. sellowiana. Originality value: Assessing the potential use of botanical fermentates to help control fungal diseases in plants is a novel approach and is very important and interesting for organic farming practices, reducing the need for chemical synthetic molecules to control fungal phytopathogens.
Objetivo: Este trabalho visou verificar o efeito in vitro e in vivo da atividade antifúngica dos fermentados botânicos de Cupressus sempervirens L. e Cupressus lusitanica Mill. sobre o crescimento micelial e a germinação de conídios de Colletotrichum fructicola, bem como avaliar a atividade antioxidante existente nos fermentados botânicos por meio da varredura dos radicais DPPH• e ABTS•+. Referencial teórico: As plantas são uma fonte promissora de diversas substâncias bioativas e multifuncionais. Para minimizar os impactos do uso de agroquímicos, que por vezes causam impactos negativos ao meio ambiente, tecnologias sociais alternativas estão sendo cada vez mais investigadas, como os chamados produtos fermentados botânicos para controle de doenças fúngicas fitopatogênicas de interesse agrícola. Métodos: A atividade antioxidante e os teores de compostos fenólicos, flavonóides e fenólicos individuais foram determinados por espectrofotometria e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. O crescimento micelial e a germinação de conídios de C. fructicola foram avaliados em meio BDA contendo os fermentados a zero, 10% v/v, 20% v/v e 40% v/v. Testes in vivo também foram realizados utilizando folhas de Acca sellowiana e inoculadas com o fitopatógeno. Resultados e conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que o fermentado de C. sempervirens controlou em 100 % o desenvolvimento da colônia fúngica na concentração de 40 % v/v pelo método de diluição em meio BDA. Os fermentados apresentaram atividade antifúngica contra a germinação de conídios esse importante fungo fitopatogênico. O composto ativo identificado em maior concentração no fermentado de C. sempervirens foi o ácido gálico, enquanto a naringina foi o principal composto fenólico observado no fermentado de C. lusitanica. A atividade antioxidante dos fermentadosvariou na faixa de 68 – 82 %, dependendo do radical avaliado. Implicações da pesquisa: Os resultados deste estudo mostram um potencial promissor do fermentado de C. sempervirens para o controle de C. fructicola na cultura de A. sellowiana. Originalidade/valor: Avaliar o uso potencial de fermentados botânicos como ferramenta para ajudar no controle de doenças fúngicas em plantas é uma abordagem nova e muito importante e interessante para práticas de agricultura orgânica, reduzindo a necessidade de moléculas químicas sintéticas para controlar fitopatógenos fúngicos.
To verify the effect of the transcription factor OsDof25 on the nitrogen metabolism in plants, it was cloned for expression in Arabidopsis thaliana under the control of the 35S promoter. Lineages ...with different expression levels of this gene were obtained, and when grown in a half-strength MS medium (10 mM of NH4 + and 20 mM of NO3 −) showed phenotypes with visible chloroses and growth disorders. It was observed that OsDof25 increased the levels of expression of high and low affinity ammonium transporters (AtAMT1.1 and AtAMT2.1, respectively) and repressed the high affinity nitrate transporter (AtNRT2.1). We also verified an increase in total amino-N content and expressions of the pyruvate kinase (PK1 and PK2), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC1 and PEPC2) and NADP-dependent and NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. In addition, an increase in expression levels and activity of glutamate dehydrogenase was also observed. The simultaneous increase in the expression of AMTs and enzymes of carbon metabolism may explain the high levels of amino-N found in the transgenic plants. The data found in this work suggest that OsDof25 expression simultaneously affects NH4 + uptake and organic acid metabolism in plants.
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has great economic importance due to its oil yield and quality. Among the factors influencing these parameters, nitrogen fertilization stands out. In this study we ...evaluated the effect of different N-urea doses (0,10,30,50,90,130 kg N-urea ha-1) at planting and 30 days after emergency on soluble fractions, oil profile and yield of three sunflower cultivars (BRS324, Catissol 01and Neon). Plants were harvested at the flowering stage for metabolic study, and at the end of the cycle for oil extraction and characterization. The Catissol 01 genotype presented the highest N-NO3- accumulation capacity, mainly in the stem. The Neon genotype presented the highest achene production at 30 and 50 kg N ha-1. Oleic oil had the highest yield, with the Catissol 01 and Neon cultivar standing out. Among the cultivars, Catissol 01 is economically more suitable for biofuel production, when cultivated at 50 kg N ha-1 since higher N doses did not result in increased oil yield.
High-affinity ammonium transporters (AMT1) are responsible for ammonium (NH₄ ⁺) acquisition and/or perception in the micromolar range, and their expressions can be differentially regulated by ...nitrogen (N) availability. The present study characterised the functions of the rice (Oryza sativa) OsAMT1.3 transporter to understand its contribution to NH₄ ⁺ acquisition and plant adaptation to environments with low N availability. Transgenic rice plants were obtained to study the activity of the OsAMT1.3 promoter (P OₛAMT₁.₃ :GFP:GUS) and the overexpression of the OsAMT1.3 gene (UBIL:OsAMT1.3:3xHA) in plants. The OsAMT1.3 promoter activity was induced strongly in the absence of N and occurred primarily in the zones of lateral root emission and root tips. Anatomical sections of the segment of root tips and the middle third showed a differential pattern of OsAMT1.3 activity. Analysis of the OsAMT1.1–1.3 transporter expression profiles indicated that overexpression of OsAMT1.3 positively affected OsAMT1.2 expression. When subjected to a low N supply, plants overexpressing OsAMT1.3 showed lower K M and C ₘᵢₙ values. Additionally, these lines showed longer roots with a higher area, volume, and number of tips. The data suggested that OsAMT1.3 is involved in the ability of rice plants to adapt to low NH₄ ⁺ supplies.
To date, hydroxyurea is the only effective and safe drug that significantly reduces morbidity and mortality of individuals with Sickle cell disease. Twenty years of real-life experience has ...demonstrated that hydroxyurea reduces pain attacks, vaso-occlusive events, including acute chest syndrome, the number and duration of hospitalizations and the need for transfusion. The therapeutic success of hydroxyurea is directly linked to access to the drug, the dose used and adherence to treatment which, in part, is correlated to the availability of hydroxyurea. This consensus aims to reduce the number of mandatory exams needed to access the drug, prioritizing the requesting physician's report, without affecting patient safety.
Abstract Background Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a relatively common skin disease associated with hives and angio-oedema. Eosinophils play a role in CSU pathogenesis. Benralizumab, an ...anti-interleukin-5 receptor-α monoclonal antibody, has been shown to induce nearly complete depletion of eosinophils. Objectives To determine the clinical efficacy and safety of benralizumab in patients with CSU who were symptomatic despite H1 antihistamine treatment. Methods The 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase IIb portion of the ARROYO trial enrolled adult patients with CSU who were currently on H1 antihistamine treatment. Patients were randomized to one of five treatment groups according to benralizumab dose and regimen for a 24-week treatment period. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in Itch Severity Score (ISS)7 at week 12. The key secondary endpoint was change from baseline in Urticaria Activity Score (UAS)7 at week 12. Additional secondary endpoints included other metrics to assess CSU at week 24, blood eosinophil levels, and pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity assessments. Exploratory subgroup analyses were conducted to explore responses according to demographics, clinical features and biomarkers. Safety was assessed in all treatment groups. Results Of 155 patients, 59 were randomized to benralizumab 30 mg, 56 to benralizumab 60 mg and 40 to placebo. Baseline and disease characteristics were consistent with what was expected for patients with CSU. There were no significant differences in change from baseline in ISS7 score at week 12 between benralizumab and placebo benralizumab 30 mg vs. placebo, least-squares mean difference −1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) −3.28 to 1.26; benralizumab 60 mg vs. placebo, least-squares mean difference –1.79, 95% CI –4.09 to 0.50 nor in change from baseline in UAS7 score at week 12 between benralizumab and placebo (benralizumab 30 mg vs. placebo, P = 0.407; benralizumab 60 mg vs. placebo, P = 0.082). Depletion of blood eosinophil levels was observed at week 24 in patients treated with benralizumab. All other secondary endpoints and exploratory/subgroup analyses indicated no significant differences between benralizumab and placebo. Safety results were consistent with the known profile of benralizumab. Conclusions Although benralizumab resulted in near-complete depletion of blood eosinophils, there was no clinical benefit over placebo.
Plasma membrane H
+
-ATPase (PM H
+
-ATPase, EC 3.6.1.3.) is a proton pump that is necessary to promote cell growth and ion fluxes across the plasma membrane. The main goal of this study was to ...evaluate the role of PM H
+
-ATPase isoform
OsA7
expression in rice growth and nitrogen (N) accumulation using three genetically engineered lineages with artificial micro RNA (amiRNA) targeting
OsA7
(
osa7.1
,
osa7.2,
and
osa7.3
). PM H
+
-ATPase isoform expression in rice shoots and roots (wild-type) revealed that
OsA7
is highly expressed in roots and is the most highly expressed PM H
+
-ATPase isoform. The three
osa7
lineages had lower fresh weight, grain yield, height, and 1000-grain weight compared to control IRS plants. The hydroponic experiment comprised three NO
3
−
levels over 30 days: 0.2 mM NO
3
−
–N, 2.0 mM NO
3
−
–N, and NO
3
−
starvation for 3 days. The three
osa7
lineages had lower PM H
+
-ATPase and V-H
+
-PPase activity as compared to the IRS plants. The root and shoot fresh weights were lower in
osa7
lineages. The root/shoot ratio was lower in the
osa7
lineages cultivated without nitrogen for 3 days and with 0.2 mM of NO
3
−
–N as compared to IRS, and did not change in plants cultivated with 2.0 mM NO
3
−
–N. The total N concentration did not change in the three
osa7
lineages as compared to IRS. Overall, the results indicate that
OsA7
is important for rice growth, grain production, and root growth, but does not affect N accumulation, highlighting the importance of other PM H
+
-ATPase isoforms in N uptake.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the vermicompost humic acid (HA) stimulatory effects on the N-uptake kinetics and the N metabolism of rice plants under high and low N-NO3- or N-NH4+ supply in ...nutrient solution. Plants were grown in a growth chamber, and at 21 days after germination, they were submitted to N deprivation for 96 h, followed by HA treatment or no treatment. After 96 h of N deprivation, the plants received 0.2 or 2.0 mmol L−1 N-NO3- or N-NH4+. Changes in pH, NO3- or NH4+ net influx, fresh weight, soluble nitrogen fractions and sugars in both the roots and shoots were evaluated. Pretreatment of rice plants with HA stimulated NO3- uptake, preserved plant metabolic status and increased fresh weight. On the other hand, plants submitted to N-NH4+ facilitated the accumulation of this N form, promoting symptoms of toxicity and leading to a reduction in fresh weight. The results suggest that HA pretreatment modifies the net influx of NO3- or NH4+, which cause differences in plant physiology. Vermicompost humic acids could be part of biotechnology packages for the purpose of increasing the nitrogen nutrition of rice plants.
O objetivo deste texto é analisar o painel do Crucifixo de Padova pintado por Giotto di Bondone (1266-1337) com direcionamento da premissa de que a imagem expressa a dualidade da natureza de Cristo ...por meio do corpo humano de Jesus. O corpo humanizado de Cristo é compreendido, no estudo, como indício da mudança de mentalidade acerca dos conceitos de homem e de mundo que se consolidariam no Renascimento Italiano. A orientação metodológica se estabelece por meio dos preceitos apresentados por Matine Joly no que se refere as mensagens provenientes dos signos plásticos, icônicos e linguísticos. A análise dos três grupos de signos nos mostrou que Giotto expõe a natureza humana de Cristo evidenciando o corpo sofredor que possibilita, pela semelhança, a identificação do apreciador com o Mestre. Dessa forma, a pedagogia imagética se efetiva no Crucifixo de Giotto e nos possibilita verificar que as imagens, por meio de diferentes conotações, participam dos processos de formação humana em todos os tempos atendendo as demandas sociais ou instigando reflexões, propondo e anunciando mudanças.
Introdução: O câncer bucal é apontado como um problema de saúde relevante e apresenta alta taxa de incidência e mortalidade. O consumo de tabaco e álcool são considerados os principais fatores de ...risco para sua ocorrência. Apesar dos avanços relacionados a detecção, diagnóstico e tratamento, grande parte dos pacientes ainda é diagnosticada com a doença em estágio avançado. Objetivo: Estabelecer os principais fatores associados ao atraso no diagnóstico do câncer bucal. Material e Métodos: Foram pesquisados artigos nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO e Lilacs, com os descritores: delayed oral cancer; delayed diagnosis oral cancer; oral cancer young patients; e HPV oral cancer patients. Como critérios de inclusão, foram delimitados artigos completos e disponíveis integramente. Publicações não relacionadas a delimitação do tema e ao objetivo do estudo foram excluídas. Resultados: Foram encontrados 513 artigos, dos quais 118 foram lidos na íntegra e 96 por fim selecionados, conforme critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os dados indicaram que o atraso no diagnóstico do câncer bucal é frequente e relacionado ao atraso pelo paciente, atraso pelo profissional de saúde e atraso no tratamento, com destaque ao atraso pelo paciente. Conclusão: O diagnóstico precoce é o meio mais eficaz de reduzir as taxas de mortalidade e melhorar o prognóstico e qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer bucal. Dessa forma, estratégias que objetivam a redução de diagnósticos realizados tardiamente devem ser consideradas.
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