All‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are considered promising alternatives to current lithium‐ion batteries that employ liquid electrolytes due to their high energy density and enhanced safety. ...Among various types of solid electrolytes, sulfide‐based electrolytes are being actively studied, because they exhibit high ionic conductivity and high ductility, which enable good interfacial contacts in solid electrolytes without sintering at high temperatures. To improve the energy density of the sulfide‐based ASSLBs, it is essential to increase the loading of active material in the composite cathode. In this study, the Ni‐rich LiNixCoyMn1‐x‐yO2 (NCM) materials are explored with different Ni content, particle size, and crystalline form to probe suitable cathode active materials for high‐performance ASSLBs with high energy density. The results reveal that single‐crystalline LiNi0.82Co0.10Mn0.08O2 material with a small particle size exhibits the best cycling performance in the ASSLB assembled with a high mass loaded cathode (active mass loading: 26 mg cm−2, areal capacity: 5.0 mAh cm−2) in terms of discharge capacity, capacity retention, and rate capability.
Single‐crystalline LiNi0.82Co0.10Mn0.08O2 material with a small particle size exhibits the best cycling performance in the all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) assembled with a high mass loaded cathode (active mass loading: 26 mg cm−2, areal capacity: 5.0 mAh cm−2) in terms of discharge capacity, capacity retention, and rate capability. The results reveal conclusive guidance for selecting suitable cathode active material for ASSLBs.
All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) with sulfide electrolytes attract considerable attention owing to their enhanced safety and high energy density compared to lithium-ion batteries employing ...liquid electrolytes. However, the conventional cold pressing method for preparing solid electrolyte pellets causes the formation of large pores in the electrolyte. Alternatively, hot pressing the pellets is an effective method for densifying the solid electrolyte and enhancing its ionic conductivity. However, hot-pressed sulfide electrolytes are brittle and difficult to handle, and must be thick to maintain their dimensional stability without cracking during the hot-pressing process. Herein, we prepare a thin, dense Li6PS5Cl (argyrodite)-based composite electrolyte reinforced with high-strength polyester fibers. A composite electrolyte reinforced with 5.0 wt% fiber exhibits high ionic conductivity of 2.9 ⅹ 10−3 S cm−1 and much higher ionic conductance than pristine Li6PS5Cl pellets. The interfacial contact between the composite electrolyte and composite cathode is also enhanced by additional hot pressing. The ASSLB (Li–In/LiNi0.7Co0.1Mn0.2O2) employing the composite electrolyte initially delivers a high discharge capacity of 185.7 mAh g−1, corresponding to an areal capacity of 2.0 mAh cm−2, and exhibits stable cycling performance with a capacity retention of 71% after 300 cycles at 0.2C and 25 °C.
•Li6PS5Cl-based solid electrolyte was reinforced by high-strength polyester fiber.•The thin composite electrolyte exhibited high ionic conductivity and conductance.•The interfacial contact between electrolyte and cathode was enhanced by hot pressing.•The solid-state cell with composite electrolyte exhibited good cycling performance.•The thin composite electrolyte is expected to improve the energy density of battery.
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•A flexible solid electrolyte sheet was obtained as a free-standing thin film (75 μm).•The electrolyte exhibited a high ionic conductance and good mechanical properties.•The solid ...lithium-ion cell with a solid electrolyte showed good cycling performance.
All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) with solid electrolytes are promising battery systems capable of improving the safety and energy density of current lithium-ion batteries. Reducing the thickness of the solid electrolyte while preventing the short circuit between the anode and cathode is imperative to increase the energy density of ASSLBs. Sulfide-based solid electrolytes have high ionic conductivities; however, they are brittle, difficult to be processed into a thin film, and challenging to form stable interfaces with electrodes of large volume change. In this study, flexible thin-solid electrolyte sheets with Li+-ion conductive polymer network were prepared and characterized for ASSLB applications. They exhibited higher ionic conductance and superior mechanical properties than those of pristine Li6PS5X (argyrodite) pellets. The all-solid-state lithium-ion cell (graphite/LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2) with a solid electrolyte sheet delivered a high discharge capacity of 182.5 mAh g−1 and showed good cycling stability at 0.33 C and 25 ℃, demonstrating that flexible and thin sheets are promising solid electrolytes for ASSLBs operating at room temperature.
Non-Daily Smoking (NDS), which is increasingly prevalent worldwide, has not yet attracted as much attention as has daily smoking in Asia. The aims of this study were to identify trends in the ...prevalence of NDS and to compare characteristics by age, gender, and mental health indicators such as depression, suicidality, and alcohol consumption in South Korea.
We included 33,806 adults (aged ≥19 years) who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) from 2010 to 2015. The dataset includes self-reported medical history and questionnaires that explore depression, suicidality, and alcohol use, which are known to be highly related to smoking. We divided the respondents into four groups according to smoking status: Never Smoking (NS, N = 20,270); Past Smoking (PS = 6835); Daily Smoking (DS = 5927), who reported smoking every day; and Non-Daily Smoking (NDS = 774), who reported that they sometimes smoke.
Increased NDS prevalence is observed in most age groups in both male and female adults despite the prevalence of total smoking and daily smoking gradually decreasing. Depression and suicidality were significantly more prevalent in the NDS than the NS group (Depression Odds ratio, OR = 1.72, 95% Confidence interval, CI = 1.31-2.26; Suicidality OR = 3.14, 95% CI = 1.40-7.02). NDS is also associated with a higher frequency of binge drinking and alcohol use disorder than NS (OR = 4.17, 95% CI = 3.49-4.99).
This study suggests that more concern is warranted for NDS given the increasing prevalence and characteristics of poor mental health in NDS respondents.
The short material lifetime of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) technology is a major obstacle to the development of economically feasible, highly efficient, and durable devices for ...commercial applications. TADF devices are also hampered by insufficient operational stability. In this paper, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of new TADF molecules possessing a sterically twisted skeleton by interlocking donor and acceptor moieties through a C-C bond. Compared to C-N-bond TADF molecules, such as CPT2, the C-C-bond TADF molecules showed a large dihedral angle increase by more than 30 times and a singlet-triplet energy-gap decrease to less than 0.22 eV because of the steric hindrance caused by the direct C-C bond connection. With the introduction of a dibenzofuran core structure, devices comprising BMK-T317 and BMK-T318 exhibited a magnificent display performance, especially their external quantum efficiencies, which were as high as 19.9% and 18.8%, respectively. Moreover, the efficiency roll-off of BMK-T318 improved significantly (26.7%). These results indicate that stability of the material can be expected through the reduction of their singlet-triplet splitting and the precise adjustment of dihedral angles between the donor-acceptor skeletons.
All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) with sulfide-based solid electrolytes have attracted significant attention as promising energy storage devices, owing to their high energy density and ...enhanced safety. However, the combination of a lithium metal anode and a sulfide solid electrolyte results in performance degradation, owing to lithium dendrite growth and the side reactions of lithium metal with the solid electrolyte. To address these issues, a Ag-based Li alloy with a favorable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) was prepared using electrodeposition and applied to the ASSLB as an anode. The electrochemically formed SEI layer on the Li–Ag alloy primarily comprised LiF and Li2O with high mechanical strength and Li3N with high ionic conductivity, which suppressed the formation of lithium dendrites and short-circuiting of the cell. The symmetric cell with the Li–Ag alloy achieved a critical current density of 1.6 mA cm–2 and maintained stable cycling for over 2000 h at a current density of 0.6 mA cm–2. Consequently, the all-solid-state lithium cell assembled with the Li–Ag alloy anode with SEI, Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte, and LiNi0.78Co0.10Mn0.12O2 cathode delivered a high discharge capacity of 185 mAh g–1 and exhibited good cycling performance in terms of cycling stability and rate capability at 25 °C.
Lithium secondary batteries are used in diverse fields, such as mobile electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage system. As the market for large-scale energy storage gradually increases, high ...energy density lithium batteries with enhanced safety are required. Among various types of battery systems, all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) employing sulfide electrolytes are attracted a great deal of attention due to their enhanced safety and high energy density. When assembling ASSLBs, the composite cathode is usually consisted of active material, sulfide electrolyte, conducting carbon and polymer binder. During charge and discharge processes of ASSLBs, the active materials suffer volume expansion and contraction, resulting in formation of large cracks and void space in the electrode. In this study, we investigate polymer binders with good adhesive and interfacial property for achieving good electrochemical performance of the composite cathode. The effect of type of polymer binder on the cycling performance of ASSLBs will be presented and discussed.
Due to the global warming and resulting environmental regulations, the use of rechargeable lithium batteries is rapidly growing. However, the current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) employing liquid ...electrolytes have a safety concern, since the liquid electrolytes are highly flammable, which can lead to a fire or an explosion under abnormal conditions. Accordingly, all-solid-state lithium batteries are considered promising alternatives to current LIBs. Among various types of solid electrolytes, sulfide-based electrolytes exhibit high ionic conductivities at room temperature, comparable with those of liquid electrolytes. In order to improve the energy density of the solid-state batteries, it is essential to increase the loading of active mass in the composite cathode. In this study, we tried to increase the active mass loading by investigating the optimum conditions with respect to types of active materials. As a result, we could obtain good cycling performance of the sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries employing the composite cathode with high active mass loading (> 4.5 mAh cm
-2
).
목적 : 인유두종 바이러스는 자궁경부암의 의의있는 원인 인자이다. 이 연구의 목적은 HPVDNAChip 검사를 이용하여 정상, 전암병변, 침윤성 경부암의 인유두종 바이러스의 분포를 알아보고 그 결과를 Hybrid CaptureⅡ(TM)검사와 비교하였다. 연구 방법 : 149명의 대상환자 중 57명은 병변이 없었고, 59명은 전암 병변이었으며, 33명은 ...침윤성 경부암이었다. HPVDNAChip(R) 검사와 이 검사처럼 아형 66, 69를 제외한 고위험군(
Objective : Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is well known as one of the major risk HPVDNAChip(R) factors for cervical cancer. The purpose of this study is to know HPV genotype distribution in women with normal cervix, precancerous lesion, and invasive cervical
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to value‐added products is a promising approach to reducing excess CO2 in the atmosphere. However, the development of electrocatalysts for highly ...selective and efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction has been challenging because protons are usually easier to reduce than CO2 in an aqueous electrolyte. Recently, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been suggested as candidate CO2 reduction catalysts due to their unique catalytic properties. To prepare single‐atom metal active sites, the stabilization of metal atoms over conductive supports such as graphene sheets to prevent metal aggregation is crucial. To address this issue, a facile method was developed to prepare single‐atom nickel active sites on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets for the selective production of carbon monoxide (CO) from CO2. The tris(2‐benzimidazolylmethyl)amine (NTB) ligand was introduced as a linker that can homogeneously disperse nickel atoms on the graphene oxide (GO) sheets. Because the NTB ligands form strong interactions with the GO sheets by π–π interactions and with nickel ions by ligation, they can effectively stabilize nickel ions on GO sheets by forming Ni(NTB)‐GO complexes. High‐temperature annealing of Ni(NTB)‐GO under inert atmosphere produces nickel‐ and nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide sheets (Ni‐N‐RGO) with single‐atom Ni−N4 active sites. Ni‐N‐RGO shows high CO2 reduction selectivity in the reduction of CO2 to CO with 97 % faradaic efficiency at −0.8 V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode).
Single‐atom metal catalysts were successfully prepared by a method involving the stabilization of metal atoms on graphene oxide sheets with the tris(2‐benzimidazolylmethyl)amine ligand. The nickel‐doped reduced graphene oxide catalyst showed higher faradaic efficiency (FE) than that of the iron and cobalt counterparts in the reduction of carbon dioxide (see picture).
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