We fabricated CZTSSe thin films using optimized SLG-Mo/Zn/Cu/Sn (MZCT) as a stacked structure and described the phenomenon of Zn elemental volatilization using the MZCT stacked structure. We ...introduced H2S gas to effectively control the S/(S + Se) ratio of the film in the sulfo-selenization process and to suppress Zn volatilization. Unlike during the selenization process, a stable ZnSSe thin film was formed on the precursor surface during the sulfo-selenization process. The formation of the ZnSSe thin film inhibited Zn volatilization, which facilitated control of the thin film stoichiometry and played an important role in crystal growth. In addition, the sulfo-selenization process using H2S forms a grading of the S/(S + Se) ratio in the depth direction in the ZnSSe layer. The ZnSSe layer with this property causes the band gap grading in the CZTSSe absorption layer. Finally, through our optimized annealing process, we realized a world record CZTSSe solar cell with a certified power conversion efficiency of 12.62% and a centimetre-scale (1.1761 cm2) efficiency of 11.28%.
A multichannel/multicolor visible light communication (VLC) system using entirely organic components, including organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photodiodes (OPDs), is developed to ...demonstrate indoor lighting applications where the integration of OLEDs and OPDs has significant potential. To achieve this, tricolor (Red/Green/Blue(R/G/B))‐selective OPD arrays for the receiver and tricolor OLED arrays for the emitter are developed. For (R/G/B)‐selective OPDs, a Fabry–Pérot electrode to enhance color selectivity and a thick junction structure to effectively accommodate a wide range of driving voltages are introduced. For tricolor OLEDs, fluorescent‐emitting materials are used to enhance the operating frequency in addition to introducing a cavity structure to achieve narrow emission. Utilizing these spectrally refined tricolor OPDs/OLEDs, a VLC system is designed for indoor lighting applications, and a systematic analysis of their signal‐to‐interference ratio dependence on the distance or angle between the transmitter and receiver is performed. The study's findings indicate the importance of emission angle‐dependent wavelength shift of the OLED and the luminosity function, which varies with wavelength, in the R/G/B mixed‐white‐light‐based VLC systems. Finally, the feasibility of VLC using tricolor OPDs/OLEDs in the real‐life context of indoor white‐color lighting is demonstrated, showing that the transmitted data patterns well‐matched the received data patterns.
A visible light communication platform using (R/G/B)‐selective organic photodiode arrays as receivers and (R/G/B) organic light‐emitting diodes as emitters is developed and analyzed to study how the geometry effect of each organic receiver and emitter affects data transmission. Based on this, the first organic material‐based white‐light optical communication system is demonstrated.
•Vertically aligned CoMoS nanosheet on a PANI coated nickel foam current collector.•CoMoS-PANI improve the intrinsic activity due to defect rich interstitial sites.•Assembled cell demonstrate ...ultrastability for 50 h at a current density 20 mA/cm2.•Designed electrocatalysts exhibit ultralow overpotential for HER and OER at 10 mA/cm2.•Cell achieved a low potential of 1.58 V at 10 mA/cm2 for water splitting.
Developing economic, efficient, and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for producing oxygen and hydrogen simultaneously remains challenging. Here, we design and fabricate vertically aligned cobalt molybdenum sulfide (CoMoS) nanosheets on a conductive polyaniline (PANI) nanowire on nickel foam (NF) by a one-step solvothermal synthesis. The hybrid CoMoS-PANI array demonstrates low overpotentials of 250 and 98 mV, to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm–2 in an alkaline solution, for the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions, respectively. As an electrolyzer for overall water splitting, CoMoS-PANI/NF, as both the anode and the cathode, exhibits a current density of 10 mA cm–2 at a low cell voltage, 1.58 V. Furthermore, good stability for 50 h at a current density of 20 mA cm–2 during overall splitting suggests that CoMoS-PANI can be promoted as a highly efficient and stable bifunctional catalyst. The upgraded electrocatalytic activity of CoMoS-PANI can be ascribed to its defect-rich structure, the exhibition of the PANI nanowire to effective electron transfer, and the ample of active catalytic sites provided by the synergistic effect of the hybrid structures. This work is a promising step towards the design and exploration of hybrid materials as excellent electrocatalysts for renewable energy generation.
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Plasmonic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) arranged on polyimide (PI) nanopillars (AgNP/PI) were developed as a stable photothermal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platform. The AgNP/PI ...substrates were prepared via maskless plasma etching and metal deposition using an in situ vacuum sputtering system. The AgNP/PI with high periodicity and high areal density led to high sensitivity, with a SERS enhancement factor (EF) of 2.2 × 108, and excellent reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 7.6%), as evaluated using the high-precision Raman mapping technique. To support the high SERS EF and sensitivity, the near-field enhancements of the dense AgNP array were calculated using a finite-difference time domain method. Notably, compared with AgNPs on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanopillar substrates, the AgNPs formed on the thermally stable PI nanopillar substrates exhibited excellent photothermal stability under illumination with a high-powered laser. The PI and PET surface changes induced by photoinduced local heating were investigated in terms of the glass-transition temperature, coefficient of thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity. The new plasmonic SERS platform has strong potential for reliable molecular detection in practical sensing applications with high-powered laser illuminations.
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•Ag nanoparticles coated onto polyimide for SERS were prepared via in situ sputter-etching and deposition processes.•Designed dense hotspots generate reproducible and reliable SERS signals for practical diagnoses.•The excellent thermal properties of PI prevent thermally induced damage such as structural deformation and decomposition.
Bonding properties are important for metallic multilayer composites (MMCs) comprising different materials or materials with different mechanical properties. In this study, we fabricated 2-ply ...Al/stainless steel (STS) clad metals and Al/adhesive (adh)/STS joints. To manufacture samples with various mechanical properties, T6 heat treatment was performed on clad metals, and adhesive joints of several thicknesses were prepared. For each sample, the bonding strength was characterized via a T-peel test and the results were analyzed using the peeling angle. For 2-ply Al/STS clad metals, the T6 heat treatment resulted in opposite trends in the mechanical properties. The bonding strength of 2-ply Al/STS clad metals was affected by the peeling angle, i.e., a small peeling angle provided a small bonding strength at the interface. However, for the 2-ply Al/adh/STS joints, the bonding strength of adhesives on metals depended on each adherend of the stress state. As the difference in mechanical properties between the two adherends increased, the difference in each peeling angle of Al and STS also increased. The peeling angle of adherends reached a limiting value when the sample contacted the clamping jig head; therefore, a new term, apparent bonding strength (ABS), is necessary to differentiate this new strength from the bonding strength obtained under non-contact conditions. We believe that the concept of peeling angle and ABS proposed herein will play a crucial role in describing the delamination behavior and bonding strength of MMCs via the peel test.
Graphic Abstract
Gears and bearings are one of the major components of many machines, which can result in operation downtime or even catastrophic failure of a whole system. This paper addresses a tutorial for the ...features extraction and selection of the gears and bearings, which is known as feature engineering, a prerequisite step for the prognostics and health management (PHM) of these components. While there have been many new developments in this field, no studies have addressed the tutorial aspects of features engineering to aid engineers in solving problems by their own effort, which is of practical importance for successful PHM. The paper aims at helping beginners learn the basic concepts, and implement the algorithms using the public datasets as well as those made by the authors. Matlab codes are provided for them to implement the process by their own hands.
Purpose
Lung cancer is among the most common cancers. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) can be easily obtained from patients with lung cancers. The aim is to develop a novel proteomic method of the ...molecule‐based sensitive detection of biomarkers from BALF.
Experimental Design
BALF samples are collected from segmental bronchus of 14 patients with lung cancers from Kyung Hee University Hospital. First, BALF proteome is depleted using a depletion column, and then peptides are prepared from the enriched low abundant proteins and fractionated by high pH reverse phase liquid chromatography prior to LC‐MS/MS. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012645.
Results
A novel method is developed for in‐depth proteomic analysis of BALF by combining antibody‐based depletion of high abundant proteins from BALF with high pH peptide fractionation. Peptides are analyzed on a high resolution Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer. MaxQuant search result in the identification of 4615 protein groups mapped to 4534 genes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
It is found that the method outperformed conventional BALF proteomic methods and it is believed that this method will facilitate the biomarker research for lung cancer. In addition, it is shown that BALF will be a great source of biomarkers of lung diseases.
The symptom heterogeneity of schizophrenia is consistent with Wittgenstein's analogy of a language game. From the perspective of precision medicine, this study aimed to estimate the symptom ...presentation and identify the psychonectome in Asian patients, using data obtained from the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antipsychotics. We constructed a network structure of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) items in 1438 Asian patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, all the BPRS items were considered to be an ordered categorical variable ranging in value from 1-7. Motor retardation was situated most centrally within the BPRS network structure, followed by depressive mood and unusual thought content. Contrastingly, hallucinatory behavior was situated least centrally within the network structure. Using a community detection algorithm, the BPRS items were organized into positive, negative, and general symptom clusters. Overall, DSM symptoms were not more central than non-DSM symptoms within the symptom network of Asian patients with schizophrenia. Thus, motor retardation, which results from the unmet needs associated with current antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia, may be a tailored treatment target for Asian patients with schizophrenia. Based on these findings, targeting non-dopamine systems (glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid) may represent an effective strategy with respect to precision medicine for psychosis.
Fractional radiofrequency microneedling is a novel radiofrequency technique that uses insulated microneedles to deliver energy to the deep dermis at the point of penetration without destruction of ...the epidermis. It has been used for the treatment of various dermatological conditions including wrinkles, atrophic scars and hypertrophic scars. There have been few studies evaluating the efficacy of fractional radiofrequency microneedling in the treatment of acne, and none measuring objective parameters like the number of inflammatory and non‐inflammatory acne lesions or sebum excretion levels. The safety and efficacy of fractional radiofrequency microneedling in the treatment of acne vulgaris was investigated. In a prospective clinical trial, 25 patients with moderate to severe acne were treated with fractional radiofrequency microneedling. The procedure was carried out three times at 1‐month intervals. Acne lesion count, subjective satisfaction score, sebum excretion level and adverse effects were assessed at baseline and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the first treatment as well as 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the last treatment. Number of acne lesions (inflammatory and non‐inflammatory) decreased. Sebum excretion and subjective satisfaction were more favorable at every time point compared with the baseline values (P < 0.05). Inflammatory lesions responded better than non‐inflammatory lesions (P < 0.05). Adverse effects such as pinpoint bleeding, pain and erythema were noted, but were transient and not severe enough to stop treatment. Fractional radiofrequency microneedling is a safe and effective treatment for acne vulgaris.
Glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) myopathy is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by early adult-onset weakness of the distal muscles of ...the lower limbs. The clinical spectrum of GNE myopathy varies, and it is not clear how the same GNE gene mutations can result in different phenotypes. Here, we present clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics of twenty-one Korean patients with GNE myopathy.
Twenty-one GNE myopathy patients were included in this study, conducted from 2004 to 2011. Based on medical records, patients' gender, onset age, family history, clinical history, serum creatine kinase (CK) level, neurologic examination, findings of muscle biopsy, muscle imaging findings and electrophysiologic features were extensively reviewed. Mutation of the GNE gene (9p13.3) was confirmed by DNA direct sequencing analysis in all patients.
The mean onset age was 23.8±8.8 years (mean±SD). Patient serum CK levels were slightly to moderately elevated, ranging from 41 to 2610 IU. Among the patients, twelve patients were female and nine patients were male. Except for eight patients, all of the patients presented initially with only distal muscle weakness in the lower extremities. The most common mutation was V572L, followed by C13S.
The clinical manifestations of our patients with GNE mutations varied. Among twenty-one patients, thirteen patients showed the typical GNE myopathy phenotype. There was no relationship between clinical features and site of mutation. Therefore, we suggest that neither homozygous nor compound heterozygous models are correlated with disease phenotype or disease severity.
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