Benthic Biocenoses of Taman Bay (Sea of Azov) Lyubimov, I. V.; Kolyuchkina, G. A.; Simakova, U. V. ...
Oceanology (Washington. 1965),
12/2023, Letnik:
63, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The species composition and the structure of the macrophytobenthos, macrozoobenthos, and bottom sediments of Taman Bay are studied. This inlet is inhabited by seagrass
Zostera
marina
L. which forms ...vast underwater meadows here. Samples were collected in 2008–2009, before the ongoing rise of salinity in the Sea of Azov. Three main biotopes with different bottom sediment composition (sands, sands with shells, and silts) were identified. They were inhabited by four main macrobenthic biocenoses (unvegetated near-shore biocenosis, mosaic macrophyte vegetation outside the surf zone, pure eelgrass’s meadows belt, and the communities, dominated by the mobile macrozoobenthos species with low abundance of macrophytes occupying the central part of the bay). The main environmental factor associated with this distribution of the vegetation was the silt content (grain size <0.001 mm). The spatial structure of the macrozoobenthos correlated with the projective cover of
Z
.
marina
. Possible reasons for the revealed pattern in the distribution of communities are discussed.
Data on seafloor bathymetry are necessary for marine geology and geomorphology, cartography and paleogeography, geoecology and hydroacoustics, and other applied research areas. Bathymetric surveys ...within the framework of the fifth stage of the comprehensive coastal-marine expedition “Black Sea” on the R/V
Ashamba
in 2020 were carried out to solve the task of monitoring coastal bottom communities at two detailed study sites: near Cape Maliy Utrish and near Golubaya Bay. The main reason for the research was the significant discrepancy between the bathymetric data obtained at the control points and the navigational charts and data from bathymetric models. The conducted work allowed for clarifying the structure of the seabed relief of the study areas.
The occurrence of polychaete borers was recorded from the alien clam
Anadara kagoshimensis
(Tokunaga, 1906) at Chushka Spit near Port Kavkaz in January 2020. On the basis of morphological analysis, ...the polychaetes were identified as
Polydora websteri
Hartman in Loosanoff & Engle, 1943, alien to the Azov-Black Sea basin. This species was recorded for the first time from coastal waters of Romania on carbonate rocks in 1997 and, subsequently, coastal areas of Sevastopol and Lake Donuzlav in oysters
Crassostrea gigas
(Thunberg, 1793) in 2009 and 2019.
Polydora websteri
was not previously recorded from the Kerch Strait and the Sea of Azov. This is the first report of its occurrence in
Anadara kagoshimensis
in the Azov-Black Sea region, which is an invasion area for both species.
The first discovery of natural duralumin Silaev, V. I.; Karpov, G. A.; Anikin, L. P. ...
Doklady earth sciences,
09/2017, Letnik:
476, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The results of X-ray structural, electron-microscopic, and X-ray spectral microprobe studies of Al-based metal solid solutions that underwent nuclear disintegration and that were discovered in nature ...for the first time are presented. Based on the similarity to technical counterparts, it is suggested to recognize the previously unknown alloys as natural duralumin.
—
This work presents the history of study of the Neopleistocene Singil deposits, results of analysis the drilling data, and different points of view on the stratigraphy of reference sections of the ...Lower Volga Region. A large volume of drilling core data indicate that the Singil deposits lie between the Lower Khazar and Upper Khazar deposits, which contradicts a traditional point of view that they lie under the Khazar deposits. As an analysis of faunistical data shows a high level of similarity between the Singil and Khazar assemblages of mammals, it is proposed to consider the Singil mammal assemblage as an analog of the Khazar faunistical assemblage, probably its early phase. The main conclusion of our research is that the accumulation of the Singil deposits occurred at the terminal regressive stage of the Early Khazar basin.
A heterologous recombinant adenovirus (rAd)-based vaccine, Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), showed a good safety profile and induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in participants in phase ...1/2 clinical trials. Here, we report preliminary results on the efficacy and safety of Gam-COVID-Vac from the interim analysis of this phase 3 trial.
We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial at 25 hospitals and polyclinics in Moscow, Russia. We included participants aged at least 18 years, with negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR and IgG and IgM tests, no infectious diseases in the 14 days before enrolment, and no other vaccinations in the 30 days before enrolment. Participants were randomly assigned (3:1) to receive vaccine or placebo, with stratification by age group. Investigators, participants, and all study staff were masked to group assignment. The vaccine was administered (0·5 mL/dose) intramuscularly in a prime-boost regimen: a 21-day interval between the first dose (rAd26) and the second dose (rAd5), both vectors carrying the gene for the full-length SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein S. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 from day 21 after receiving the first dose. All analyses excluded participants with protocol violations: the primary outcome was assessed in participants who had received two doses of vaccine or placebo, serious adverse events were assessed in all participants who had received at least one dose at the time of database lock, and rare adverse events were assessed in all participants who had received two doses and for whom all available data were verified in the case report form at the time of database lock. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04530396).
Between Sept 7 and Nov 24, 2020, 21 977 adults were randomly assigned to the vaccine group (n=16 501) or the placebo group (n=5476). 19 866 received two doses of vaccine or placebo and were included in the primary outcome analysis. From 21 days after the first dose of vaccine (the day of dose 2), 16 (0·1%) of 14 964 participants in the vaccine group and 62 (1·3%) of 4902 in the placebo group were confirmed to have COVID-19; vaccine efficacy was 91·6% (95% CI 85·6–95·2). Most reported adverse events were grade 1 (7485 94·0% of 7966 total events). 45 (0·3%) of 16 427 participants in the vaccine group and 23 (0·4%) of 5435 participants in the placebo group had serious adverse events; none were considered associated with vaccination, with confirmation from the independent data monitoring committee. Four deaths were reported during the study (three <0·1% of 16 427 participants in the vaccine group and one <0·1% of 5435 participants in the placebo group), none of which were considered related to the vaccine.
This interim analysis of the phase 3 trial of Gam-COVID-Vac showed 91·6% efficacy against COVID-19 and was well tolerated in a large cohort.
Moscow City Health Department, Russian Direct Investment Fund, and Sberbank.
In this research, the species composition and structure of macrophytobenthos, macrozoobenthos, and bottom sediments of the Taman Bay, one of the areas of the Sea of Azov where the seagrass Zostera ...marina L. forms underwater meadows. The material was collected in 2008–2009 before of the Sea of Azov salinization. Three main zones with different types of bottom sediments (sands, sands with shells and silts) were identified, within which four main macrobenthic biocenoses were located (unvegetated coastal biocenosis, mosaic macrophyte communities outside the surf zone, Z. marina underwater meadows and the central regions’ biocenosis with the dominance of mobile forms of macrozoobenthos and a low abundance of macrophytes). The main environmental factor associated with this distribution of macrophytobenthos was the content of silt (with a granule size of less than 0.001 mm). The spatial structure of the macrozoobenthos correlated with the projective cover of Z. marina. Possible reasons for the revealed regularities in the distribution of communities are discussed.
We developed a heterologous COVID-19 vaccine consisting of two components, a recombinant adenovirus type 26 (rAd26) vector and a recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) vector, both carrying the gene ...for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein (rAd26-S and rAd5-S). We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of two formulations (frozen and lyophilised) of this vaccine.
We did two open, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies at two hospitals in Russia. We enrolled healthy adult volunteers (men and women) aged 18–60 years to both studies. In phase 1 of each study, we administered intramuscularly on day 0 either one dose of rAd26-S or one dose of rAd5-S and assessed the safety of the two components for 28 days. In phase 2 of the study, which began no earlier than 5 days after phase 1 vaccination, we administered intramuscularly a prime-boost vaccination, with rAd26-S given on day 0 and rAd5-S on day 21. Primary outcome measures were antigen-specific humoral immunity (SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies measured by ELISA on days 0, 14, 21, 28, and 42) and safety (number of participants with adverse events monitored throughout the study). Secondary outcome measures were antigen-specific cellular immunity (T-cell responses and interferon-γ concentration) and change in neutralising antibodies (detected with a SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation assay). These trials are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04436471 and NCT04437875.
Between June 18 and Aug 3, 2020, we enrolled 76 participants to the two studies (38 in each study). In each study, nine volunteers received rAd26-S in phase 1, nine received rAd5-S in phase 1, and 20 received rAd26-S and rAd5-S in phase 2. Both vaccine formulations were safe and well tolerated. The most common adverse events were pain at injection site (44 58%), hyperthermia (38 50%), headache (32 42%), asthenia (21 28%), and muscle and joint pain (18 24%). Most adverse events were mild and no serious adverse events were detected. All participants produced antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein. At day 42, receptor binding domain-specific IgG titres were 14 703 with the frozen formulation and 11 143 with the lyophilised formulation, and neutralising antibodies were 49·25 with the frozen formulation and 45·95 with the lyophilised formulation, with a seroconversion rate of 100%. Cell-mediated responses were detected in all participants at day 28, with median cell proliferation of 2·5% CD4+ and 1·3% CD8+ with the frozen formulation, and a median cell proliferation of 1·3% CD4+ and 1·1% CD8+ with the lyophilised formulation.
The heterologous rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine has a good safety profile and induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in participants. Further investigation is needed of the effectiveness of this vaccine for prevention of COVID-19.
Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
Early diagnosis of diseases and conditions undesirable in terms of flight safety in senior pilots is tightly linked with the evaluation of disease risks. Prenosological diagnostics is focused on ...borderline states that may pass from health to disease (prenosology and premorbidity) and, vice versa, from disease to recovery (post-nosology). Regarding health as a vital adaptation reserve, prenosology diagnostics is concerned with the ability of the body to adapt to the environment rather than develop a disease. A constant drain of adaptation reserves may become the reason for increased risks of disease. Heart rate variability analysis is one of the instruments of prenosological diagnostics. The paper discusses the applicability of the space-medicine oriented probabilistic approach to the evaluation of adaptation risks by medical expert assessment boards certifying civil pilots. The results of two series of investigations showed increased adaptation risks and reduced functional reserves in pilots found unfit to continue their careers.
Ketonization of valeric acid, which can be obtained by lignocellulosic biomass conversion, was carried out in a fixed bed flow reactor over ZrO
2
, 5–20 % CeO
2
/ZrO
2
and CeO
2
both under hydrogen ...and nitrogen stream at 628 K and atmospheric pressure. Regardless gas-carrier 10 wt% CeO
2
/ZrO
2
was found to show higher catalytic activity compared to zirconia per se as well as other ceria modified zirconia while ceria per se exhibited very low catalytic activity. All catalysts provided higher acid conversion in H
2
than in N
2
whereas selectivity to 5-nonanone was insensitive to gas atmosphere. XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis DRS, XPS, HRTEM methods were applied to characterize catalysts in reduced and unreduced states simulating corresponding reaction conditions during acid ketonization. XRD did not reveal any changes in zirconia and ceria/zirconia lattice parameters as well as crystalline phase depending on gas atmosphere while insertion of ceria in zirconia caused notable increase in lattice parameter indicating some distortion of crystalline structure. According to XPS, FTIR and UV–Vis methods, the carrier gas was found to affect catalyst surface composition leading to alteration in Lewis acid sites ratio. Appearance of Zr
3+
cations was observed on the ZrO
2
surface after hydrogen pretreatment whereas only Zr
4+
cations were determined using nitrogen as a gas-carrier. These changes of catalyst’s surface cation composition affected corresponding activity in ketonization probably being crucial for reaction mechanism involving metal cations catalytic centers for acid adsorption and COO
−
stabilization at the initial step.
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