Background
The primary purpose of this study was to assess weight loss and occurrence of weight regain among patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) using categorical analysis.
Methods
...Study participants were selected from patients who underwent RYGB from a single institution. Participants (
n
= 300, mean procedure age = 45.6 ± 9.9) completed surveys for self-reported preoperative weight, current weight, and subsequent weights over postoperative years. Measured weights and confirmed procedure dates were acquired from patient medical records. Mean preoperative weight and BMI were 140.8 kg ± 32.1 and 49.7 ± 9.9, respectively, and mean years since surgery was 6.9 ± 4.9. Study subjects were mostly Caucasian (56.7 %) and female (80.3 %). Participants were stratified a priori into four cohorts based on percent of weight loss at 1 year, <25 % (
n
= 39), 25–30 % (
n
= 51), 30–35 % (
n
= 73), and >35 % (
n
= 113). General linear model analyses were conducted to assess the effect of year one weight loss on percent weight regain.
Results
The mean weight regain for all patients was 23.4 % of maximum weight loss. Using categorical analysis, mean weight regain in the <25, 25–30, 30–35, and >35 % weight loss cohorts was 29.1, 21.9, 20.9, and 23.8 %, respectively. Excessive weight regain, defined as ≥25 % of total lost weight, occurred in 37 % of patients.
Conclusion
Weight gain is a common complication following RYGB surgery. Despite the percentage of weight loss over the first year, all cohort patient groups regained on average between 21 and 29 % of lost weight. Excessive weight gain was experienced by over one third of patients. Greater initial absolute weight loss leads to more successful long-term weight outcomes.
In this paper we describe in detail the computation of the scattering amplitudes of massive spin-2 Kaluza-Klein excitations in a gravitational theory with a single compact extra dimension, whether ...flat or warped. These scattering amplitudes are characterized by intricate cancellations between different contributions: although individual contributions may grow as fast as O (s5), the full results grow only as O ( s ) . We demonstrate that the cancellations persist for all incoming and outgoing particle helicities and examine how truncating the computation to only include a finite number of intermediate states impacts the accuracy of the results. We also carefully assess the range of validity of the low-energy effective Kaluza-Klein theory. In particular, for the warped case we demonstrate directly how an emergent low-energy scale controls the size of the scattering amplitude, as conjectured by the AdS/CFT correspondence.
This study compared pragmatic language in youths (9-17 years) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and those with typical development (TD) on the Yale in vivo Pragmatic Protocol (YiPP), a ...semistructured, dynamic conversational assessment.
Participants (n = 118) were divided into groups based on age and diagnosis. Each completed the YiPP, which included 4 pragmatic domains (discourse management, communicative functions, conversational repair, presupposition). The participant's response to each probe was scored correct or incorrect; incorrect scores elicited cues from the examiner, and level of cue required for a correction was also scored.
The YiPP showed high reliability and internal consistency, with moderate concurrent validity, sensitivity, and specificity. The group with ASD performed worse overall on YiPP probes compared to their TD counterparts on both error (d = 0.96) and cue (d = 0.91) scores. Item analyses revealed greater gaps between older students with ASD and their TD peers than between the 2 younger groups.
These data suggest that a probe measure designed to assess pragmatic abilities in children with ASD within a conversational context has some validity for contributing to diagnostic classification and can identify specific areas of pragmatic vulnerabilities as part of a clinical assessment.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
As we amass more LHC data, we continue to search for new and improved methods of visualizing search results, in ways that are as model independent as possible. The simplified limits framework is an ...approach developed to recast limits on searches for narrow resonances in terms of products of branching ratios (BRs) corresponding to the resonance's production and decay modes. In this work, we extend the simplified limits framework to a multidimensional parameter space of BRs, which can be used to unfold an ambiguity in the simplified parameter ζ introduced when more than one channel contributes to the production of the resonance. It is also naturally applicable to combining constraints from experimental searches with different observed final states. Constraints can be visualized in a three-dimensional space of branching ratios by employing ternary diagrams, triangle plots which utilize the inherent unitarity of the sum of the resonance's BRs. To demonstrate this new methodology, we recast constraints from recent ATLAS searches in diboson final states for spin-0, -1, and -2 narrow resonances into constraints on the resonance's width-to-mass ratio and display them in the space of relevant branching ratios. We also demonstrate how to generalize the method to cases where more than three branching ratios are relevant by using N -simplex diagrams, and we suggest a broader application of the general method to digital datasets.
We present the results of the first complete calculation of the tree-level 2 → 2 high-energy scattering amplitudes of the longitudinal modes of massive spin-2 Kaluza-Klein (KK) states, both in the ...case where the internal space is a torus and in the Randall-Sundrum model where the internal space has constant negative curvature. While individual contributions to this amplitude grow as O(s5), we demonstrate explicitly that intricate cancellations occur between different contributions, reducing the growth to O(s), a slower rate of growth than previously argued in the literature. These cancellations require subtle relationships between the masses of the Kaluza-Klein states and their interactions, and reflect the underlying higher-dimensional diffeomorphism invariance. Our results provide fresh perspective on the range of validity of (effective) field theories involving massive spin-2 KK particles, with significant implications for the theory and phenomenology of these states.
It has recently been shown explicitly that the high-energy scattering amplitude of the longitudinal modes of massive spin-2 Kaluza-Klein states in compactified five-dimensional gravity, which would ...naively grow like O(s5), grow only like O(s). Since the individual contributions to these amplitudes do grow like O(s5), the required cancellations between these individual contributions result from intricate relationships between the masses of these states and their couplings. Here we report the explicit form of these sum-rule relationships which ensure the necessary cancellations for elastic scattering of spin-2 Kaluza-Klein states in a Randall-Sundrum model. We consider an anti–de Sitter space of arbitrary curvature, including the special case of a toroidal compactification in which the curvature vanishes. The sum rules demonstrate that the cancellations at O(s5) and O(s4) are generic for a compact extra dimension and arise from the Sturm-Liouville structure of the eigenmode system in the internal space. Separately, the sum rules at O(s3) and O(s2) illustrate the essential role of the radion mode of the extradimensional metric, which is the dynamical mode related to the size of the internal space.
Distinguishing dijet resonances at the LHC Chivukula, R. Sekhar; Simmons, Elizabeth H.; Vignaroli, Natascia
Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology,
03/2015, Letnik:
91, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Anticipating that a dijet resonance could be discovered at the 14 TeV LHC, we present two different strategies to reveal the nature of such a particle; in particular to discern whether it is a ...quark-antiquark (qq), quark-gluon (qg), or gluon-gluon (gg) resonance. The first method relies on the color discriminant variable, which can be calculated at the LHC from the measurements of the dijet signal cross section, the resonance mass, and the resonance width. Including estimated statistical uncertainties and experimental resolution, we show that a qg excited quark resonance can be efficiently distinguished from either a qq coloron or a gg color-octet scalar using the color discriminant variable at LHC-14. The second strategy is based on the study of the energy profiles of the two leading jets in the dijet channel. Including statistical uncertainties in the signal and the QCD backgrounds, we show that one can distinguish, in a model-independent way, between gg, qg, and qq resonances; an evaluation of systematic uncertainties in the measurement of the jet energy profile will require a detailed detector study once sufficient 14 TeV dijet data are in hand.
We calculate tree-level scattering amplitudes of massive spin-2 Kaluza-Klein (KK) particles in models of stabilized compact extradimensional theories. Naïvely introducing a mass for the radion in an ...extra-dimensional model without accounting for the dynamics responsible for stabilizing the extra dimension upsets the cancellations relating the masses and couplings of the spin-2 modes, resulting in KK scattering amplitudes which grow like E4 instead of E2. We therefore investigate scattering of the Kaluza-Klein states in theories incorporating the Goldberger-Wise mechanism to stabilize the size of the extra dimension. We demonstrate that the cancellations occur only when one includes not only the massive radion, but also the massive spin-0 modes arising from the Goldberger-Wise scalar. We compute the revised sum rules which are satisfied in a stabilized model to ensure a consistent high-energy scattering amplitude. We introduce a simple model of a stabilized extra dimension which is a small deformation of a flat (toroidal) five-dimensional model, and demonstrate the cancellations in computations performed to leading nontrivial order in the deformation. These results are the first complete KK scattering computation in an extra-dimensional model with a stabilized extra dimension, with implications for the theory and phenomenology of these models.
Developmental genes in metazoan genomes are surrounded by dense clusters of conserved noncoding elements (CNEs). CNEs exhibit unexplained extreme levels of sequence conservation, with many acting as ...developmental long-range enhancers. Clusters of CNEs define the span of regulatory inputs for many important developmental regulators and have been described previously as genomic regulatory blocks (GRBs). Their function and distribution around important regulatory genes raises the question of how they relate to 3D conformation of these loci. Here, we show that clusters of CNEs strongly coincide with topological organisation, predicting the boundaries of hundreds of topologically associating domains (TADs) in human and Drosophila. The set of TADs that are associated with high levels of noncoding conservation exhibit distinct properties compared to TADs devoid of extreme noncoding conservation. The close correspondence between extreme noncoding conservation and TADs suggests that these TADs are ancient, revealing a regulatory architecture conserved over hundreds of millions of years.Metazoan genomes contain many clusters of conserved noncoding elements. Here, the authors provide evidence that these clusters coincide with distinct topologically associating domains in humans and Drosophila, revealing a conserved regulatory genomic architecture.
Recently, we introduced an approach for more easily interpreting searches for resonances at the LHC-and to aid in distinguishing between realistic and unrealistic alternatives for potential signals. ...This “simplified limits” approach was derived using the narrow width approximation (NWA)-and therefore was not obviously relevant in the case of wider resonances. Here, we broaden the scope of the analysis. First, we explicitly generalize the formalism to encompass resonances of finite width. We then examine how the width of the resonance modifies bounds on new resonances that are extracted from LHC searches. Second, we demonstrate, using a wide variety of cases, with different incoming partons, resonance properties, and decay signatures, that the limits derived in the NWA yield pertinant, and somewhat conservative (less stringent) bounds on the model parameters. We conclude that the original simplified limits approach is useful in the early stages of evaluating and interpreting new collider data and that the generalized approach is a valuable further aid when evidence points toward a broader resonance.
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