Recently, the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 was shown to counteract major vessel occlusion syndromes, i.e., peripheral and/or central occlusion, while activating particular collateral ...pathways. We induced abdominal compartment syndrome (intra-abdominal pressure in thiopental-anesthetized rats at 25 mmHg (60 min), 30 mmHg (30 min), 40 mmHg (30 min), and 50 mmHg (15 min) and in esketamine-anesthetized rats (25 mmHg for 120 min)) as a model of multiple occlusion syndrome. By improving the function of the venous system with BPC 157, we reversed the chain of harmful events. Rats with intra-abdominal hypertension (grade III, grade IV) received BPC 157 (10 µg or 10 ng/kg sc) or saline (5 ml) after 10 min. BPC 157 administration recovered the azygos vein via the inferior-superior caval vein rescue pathway. Additionally, intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal, and caval hypertension and aortal hypotension were reduced, as were the grossly congested stomach and major hemorrhagic lesions, brain swelling, venous and arterial thrombosis, congested inferior caval and superior mesenteric veins, and collapsed azygos vein; thus, the failed collateral pathway was fully recovered. Severe ECG disturbances (i.e., severe bradycardia and ST-elevation until asystole) were also reversed. Microscopically, transmural hyperemia of the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal mucosa villi reduction, crypt reduction with focal denudation of superficial epithelia, and large bowel dilatation were all inhibited. In the liver, BPC 157 reduced congestion and severe sinusoid enlargement. In the lung, a normal presentation was observed, with no alveolar membrane focal thickening and no lung congestion or edema, and severe intra-alveolar hemorrhage was absent. Moreover, severe heart congestion, subendocardial infarction, renal hemorrhage, brain edema, hemorrhage, and neural damage were prevented. In conclusion, BPC 157 cured primary abdominal compartment syndrome.
We redefined Robert’s prototypical cytoprotection model, namely the intragastric administration of 96% alcohol in order to generate a general peripheral and central syndrome similar to that which ...occurs when major central or peripheral veins are occluded in animal models. With this redefinition, we used Robert’s model to examine the cytoprotective effects of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157. The intragastric administration of alcohol induced gastric lesions, intracranial (superior sagittal sinus) hypertension, severe brain swelling and lesions, portal and vena caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, severe thrombosis, inferior vena cava and superior mesenteric vein congestion, azygos vein failure (as a failed collateral pathway), electrocardiogram disturbances, and heart, lung, liver and kidney lesions. The use of BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg given intraperitoneally 1 min after alcohol) counteracted these deficits rapidly. Specifically, BPC 157 reversed brain swelling and superior mesenteric vein and inferior vena caval congestion, and helped the azygos vein to recover, which improved the collateral blood flow pathway. Microscopically, BPC 157 counteracted brain (i.e., intracerebral hemorrhage with degenerative changes of cerebral and cerebellar neurons), heart (acute subendocardial infarct), lung (parenchymal hemorrhage), liver (congestion), kidney (congestion) and gastrointestinal (epithelium loss, hemorrhagic gastritis) lesions. In addition, this may have taken place along with the activation of specific molecular pathways. In conclusion, these findings clarify and extend the theory of cytoprotection, offer an approach to its practical application, and establish BPC 157 as a prospective cytoprotective treatment.
Liver fluke infections are recognised as diseases with worldwide distribution and considerable veterinary and public health importance. The giant liver fluke,
, is an important non-native parasite ...which has been introduced to Europe, posing a threat to the survival of local wildlife populations such as red deer (
). The aim of the study was to analyse differences in liver proteomes between
-infected and control red deer groups using a label-based high-throughput quantitative proteomics approach. The proteomics analysis identified 234 proteins with differential abundance between the control and infected groups. Our findings showed that
infection in this definitive host is associated with changes in the metabolism of proteins and fatty acids, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and signaling pathways. The identified proteins and associated biological pathways represent a valuable contribution to the understanding of host-parasite interactions and the pathogenesis of liver fluke infection.
The aim of the study was to establish breed-specific hematological and biochemical reference intervals (RI) for Croatian Posavac horses. Strict criteria were established for inclusion of reference ...subjects, blood specimen collection and handling. Blood samples from 125 healthy, adult Croatian Posavac horses of both sexes (94 mares and 31 stallions) were used to determine RIs. Statistical analysis was performed according to the 2012 ASVCP guidelines for nonparametric RIs. RIs for hematological parameters from this study were quite compatible with RIs for warmblood horses for 11 out of the 20 measured parameters. The reported biochemical RIs in our study agree well with RIs for a mixed population of Croatian coldblood breeds, except for LDH, GGT and ALP. The RI for total protein and albumin differ substantially from the published RIs, and from a clinical viewpoint further investigation is warranted. The RIs established in this study provide a useful baseline for the clinical assessment of hematological and biochemical data of Croatian Posavac horses. Key words: Croatian Posavac horse; hematological; biochemical; reference interval; breed specific Svrha ovoga istraivanjabilaje utvrditi referentne intervale za hematoloke i biokemijske parametre u konja pasmine hrvatski posavac. Postavljeni su strogi kriteriji odabira konja za istraivanje te sakupljanja i postupka s uzorcima krvi. Uzorci krvi od 125 zdravih odraslih posavaca oba spola (94 kobile i 31 pastuha) koriteni su za odredivanje referentnih intervala. Statisticka analiza ucinjena je u skladu s preporukom ASVCP-a iz 2012. za neparametrijske referentne intervale. Dobivene vrijednosti referentnih intervala za biokemijske parametre iz naega istraivanja u skladu su s referentnim intervalima objavljenim za dvije hrvatske hladnokrvne pasmine zajedno, osim za LDH, GGT i ALP. Referentni interval za ukupne proteine i albumine u naem istraivanju u velikoj mjeri odstupa od dosad objavljenih referentnih intervala i smatramo da je potrebno provesti dodatna istraivanja. Referentni intervali utvrdeni u ovom istraivanju korisna su osnova u klinickoj interpretaciji nalaza hematolokih i biokemijskih pretraga u hrvatskog posavca. Kljucne rijeci: hrvatski posavac; hematologija; biokemija; referentni interval; pasminska svojstva
Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV, MW 1419) reversed congestive heart failure and various arrhythmias, influenced the NO-system and showed no proarrhythmic effect. In therapy analogy, we ...challenged rats with digitalis, to show attenuation by BPC 157 and the relation between the NO-system and digitalis toxicity. (i). BPC 157 prophylactic effect. Development of cumulative intravenous digitalis toxicity, BPC 157 (50 µg, 10 µg, 10 ng/kg applied intravenously immediately before a methyldigoxin increment regimen (2.0/1.5/1.5/1.0 mg/kg at 15 min-intervals, total dose 6.0 mg/kg/45 min)) reduced the number of ventricular premature beats, prolonged the time before onset of ventricular tachycardia, reduced ventricular tachycardia and AV-block duration (µg-regimes) or reduced mainly the AV-block duration (ng-regimen). (ii). BPC 157 therapy. Advanced methyldigoxin toxicity (6.0 mg/kg i.v. bolus). BPC 157 applied at the 20th second of the grade 3 AV-block shortened AV-blocks, mitigated a further digitalis toxicity course. Ventricular tachycardias were either avoided (50 µg), or markedly reduced (10 µg, 10 ng). Fatal outcome was either avoided (50 µg), reduced (10 µg), or only delayed (10 ng) (iii) BPC 157, L-NAME,
l-arginine, L-NAME
+
l-arginine application. L-NAME-application (5 mg/kg i.p.) aggravated methyldigoxin-arrhythmias.
l-arginine (200 mg/kg i.p.) alone had no effect but blunted L-NAME-exaggeration (L-NAME
+
l-arginine). In this respect, BPC 157 (50 µg/kg i.p.) was prophylactically and therapeutically more effective: the antagonism of L-NAME with BPC 157 produced an effect similar to BPC 157 alone. In conclusion, digitalis-induced arrhythmias in rats could be prevented and counteracted by pentadecapeptide BPC 157, mainly through an interaction with the NO-system.
Liver fluke infections are recognised as diseases with worldwide distribution and considerable veterinary and public health importance. The giant liver fluke, Fascioloides magna, is an important ...non-native parasite which has been introduced to Europe, posing a threat to the survival of local wildlife populations such as red deer (Cervus elaphus). The aim of the study was to analyse differences in liver proteomes between F. magna-infected and control red deer groups using a label-based high-throughput quantitative proteomics approach. The proteomics analysis identified 234 proteins with differential abundance between the control and infected groups. Our findings showed that F. magna infection in this definitive host is associated with changes in the metabolism of proteins and fatty acids, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and signaling pathways. The identified proteins and associated biological pathways represent a valuable contribution to the understanding of host–parasite interactions and the pathogenesis of liver fluke infection.
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