Pretreatment is an important step involved in the production of bioethanol from lignocelluosic biomass. Though several pretreatment regimes are available, biological pretreatment seems to be ...promising being an eco-friendly process and there is no inhibitor generation during the process. In the current scenario there are few limitations in using this strategy for pilot scale process. The first and foremost one is the long incubation time for effective delignification. This can be minimized to an extent by using suitable microbial consortium. There is an urgent need for research and development activities and fine tuning of the process for the development of an economically viable process. This review presents an overview of various aspects of biological pretreatment, enzymes involved in the process, parameters affecting biological pretreatment as well as future perspectives.
The increasing distribution of miniaturized plastic particles,
microplastics (100 nm-5 mm) and nanoplastics (less than 100 nm), across the various ecosystems is currently a subject of major ...environmental concern. Exacerbating these concerns is the fact that microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) display different properties from their corresponding bulk materials; thus, not much is understood about their full biological and ecological implications. Currently, there is evidence to prove that these miniaturized plastic particles release toxic plastic additives and can adsorb various chemicals, thereby serving as sinks for various poisonous compounds, enhancing their bioavailability, toxicity, and transportation. Furthermore, there is a potential danger for the trophic transfer of MNPs to humans and other higher animals, after being ingested by lower organisms. Thus, this paper critically analyzes our current knowledge with regard to the environmental impacts of MNPs. In this regard, the properties, sources, and damaging effects of MNPs on different habitats, particularly on the biotic components, were elucidated. Similarly, the consequent detrimental effects of these particles on humans as well as the current and future efforts at mitigating these detrimental effects were discussed. Finally, the self-cleaning efforts of the planet
a range of saprophytic organisms on these synthetic particles were also highlighted.
Bio-refinery approach using agricultural and industrial waste material as feedstock is becoming a preferred area of interest in biotechnology in the current decades. The reasons for this trend are ...mainly because of the declining petroleum resources, greenhouse gas emission risks and fluctuating market price of crude oil. Most chemicals synthesized petro chemically, can be produced using microbial biocatalysts. 2,3-Butanediol (BDO) is such an important platform bulk chemical with numerous industrial applications including as a fuel additive. Although microbial production of BDO is well studied, strategies that could successfully upgrade the current lab-scale researches to an industrial level have to be developed. This review presents an overview of the recent trends and developments in the microbial production of BDO from different lignocellulose biomass.
•Availability and cultivation practices of paddy rice.•Overview on the production of value added products from rice straw.•Recent developments in rice straw based biorefinery.
The biorefinery ...approach for the production of fuels and chemicals is gaining more and more attraction in recent years. The major advantages of biorefineries are the generation of multiple products with complete utilization of biomass with zero waste generation. Moreover the process will be economically viable when it targets low volume high value products in addition to high volume low value products like bioethanol. The present review discuss about the potential of rice straw based biorefinery. Since rice is a major staple food for many Asian countries, the utilization of the rice straw residue for fuel and chemicals would be very economical. The review focuses the availability and the potential of this residue for the production of fuel and other high value chemicals.
Food and kitchen waste - omnipresent in every corner of the world serve as an excellent source of value added products owing to high organic content. Regardless of existence of various traditional ...methods of land filling or biogas production used to harness food waste energy, effective conversion of food to valuable resources is often challenged by its heterogenous nature and high moisture content. The current paper tries to lay down the prospects and consequences associated with food waste management. The various social, economical and environmental concerns associated with food waste management especially in terms of green house gas emission and extended rate of leachate generation also has been discussed. The difficulties in proper collection, storage and bioconversion of food waste to valuable by-products are pointed as a big hurdle in proper waste management. Finally, the wide array of value added products developed from food waste after pretreatment are also enlisted to emphasis the prospects of food waste management.
•Challenges and possibilities on the value addition of food and kitchen waste.•Presents a spectrum of products developed from food and kitchen waste.•Utilisation provides environmental sustainability by proper waste management.
Applications of Microbial Enzymes in Food Industry Raveendran, Sindhu; Parameswaran, Binod; Ummalyma, Sabeela Beevi ...
Food technology and biotechnology,
01/2018, Letnik:
56, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The use of enzymes or microorganisms in food preparations is an age-old process. With the advancement of technology, novel enzymes with wide range of applications and specificity have been developed ...and new application areas are still being explored. Microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and fungi and their enzymes are widely used in several food preparations for improving the taste and texture and they offer huge economic benefits to industries. Microbial enzymes are the preferred source to plants or animals due to several advantages such as easy, cost-effective and consistent production. The present review discusses the recent advancement in enzyme technology for food industries. A comprehensive list of enzymes used in food processing, the microbial source of these enzymes and the wide range of their application are discussed.
Water hyacinth a fresh water aquatic plant is considered as a noxious weed in many parts of the world since it grows very fast and depletes nutrients and oxygen from water bodies adversely affecting ...the growth of both plants and animals. Hence conversion of this problematic weed to value added chemicals and fuels helps in the self-sustainability especially for developing countries. The present review discusses the various value added products and fuels which can be produced from water hyacinth, the recent research and developmental activities on the bioconversion of water hyacinth for the production of fuels and value added products as well as its possibilities and challenges in commercialization.
One of the major ecological concerns associated with biodiesel production is the generation of waste/crude glycerol during the trans-esterification process. Purification of this crude glycerol is not ...economically viable. In this context, the development of an efficient and economically viable strategy would be biotransformation reactions converting the biodiesel derived crude glycerol into value added chemicals. Hence the process ensures the sustainability and waste management in biodiesel industry, paving a path to integrated biorefineries. This review addresses a waste to wealth approach for utilization of crude glycerol in the production of value added chemicals, current trends, challenges, future perspectives, metabolic approaches and the genetic tools developed for the improved synthesis over wild type microorganisms were described.
► First report on biopolymer production from mild acid pretreated rice straw. ► B. firmus can grow in hydrolysate media without detoxification. ► Maximum PHB production was 1.697g/l from 1.9g/l ...biomass. ► Highest value (89% of biomass) reported from Bacillus species.
The aim of this work was to evaluate three different bacterial strains for their ability to accumulate poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) using pentose sugar rich hydrolysate generated from acid pretreated rice straw as the sole carbon source. Out of these, Bacillus firmus NII 0830 showed maximum PHB production. Acid pretreated black liquor contained sugars and sugar degradation products such as formic acid, acetic acid, furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural. The bacterium grew in the hydrolysate medium without any detoxification and it could accumulate 1.9g/l biomass with 1.697g/l PHB and the PHB content in the cell was 89%. This was the highest value ever reported from Bacillus species. The optimum conditions for the fermentation media were an inoculum concentration of 6.5%, 90h of incubation and 0.75% of xylose concentration. The characterization of extracted polymer was carried out by FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR which showed characteristics similar to that of the standard PHB from Sigma.
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•Dairy waste has a high nutritional content and a high pollutant capacity.•Characterization and recovery of bioproducts generated by microorganisms from dairy waste.•Biotechnological ...techniques demonstrated increased efficacy.•Integrated techniques to biorefining dairy manure should be investigated.•Additional study on the constraints associated with biorefinery from dairy manure is required.
In this review article, discuss the many ways utilized by the dairy sector to treat pollutants, emphasizing their influence on the quality and efficiency with which contamination is removed. It focuses on biotechnology possibilities for valorizing dairy waste in particular. The findings revealed that dairy waste may be treated using physicochemical, biological, and biotechnological techniques. Notably, this article highlighted the possibility of dairy waste being used as a feedstock not only for the generation of biogas, bioethanol, biohydrogen, microbial fuel cells, lactic acid, and fumaric acid via microbial technology but also for the production of biooil and biochar by pyrolysis. In addition, this article critically evaluates the many treatment techniques available for recovering energy and materials from dairy waste, their combinations, and implementation prospects. Valorization of dairy waste streams presents an opportunity to extend the dairy industry's presence in the fermented functional beverage sector.
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