For the consideration of environmental aspects of the personal transportation, electric vehicle (EV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) has the prospective solution nonetheless there is an ...obstacle to access the charging system plug. Additionally, the charging system delivers its own troubles when we compared it with petrol station since the participation of the different charging alternative. For the last few years, the studies associated with optimization of PHEV/EV charging infrastructure have drawn the researcher׳s consideration. New challenges and chances for the growth of smart grid technologies depend upon the recently introduced electric vehicle charging infrastructure services. In this particular review study, the literature bearing on the use of optimization methods for charging infrastructure is considered.
Hydrogels are composed of three dimensional structures with hydrated polymeric network. Nowadays, an exhaustive research has been carried out throughout the world related to the biomedical, ...pharmaceutical and environmental applications of hydrogels. Such materials possesses superabsorbent properties which can be controlled by varying the concentration, temperature, pH etc. of the external stimuli environment. In biomedical field, the super intelligent hydrogels have gained a significant interest from many researchers in a wide variety of applications including tissue engineering, drug delivery, diagnostics, imaging and optics. The purpose of this review is to present a broad view regarding the properties of hydrogels aiming at biomedical applications, their classification and different preparation methods. This review also highlights the recent literature covering important results related to some biomedicaly important hydrogels. In addition, some important miscellaneous applications of the hydrogels are also described in the present review article.
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•An improved parameter extraction technique is proposed for the 1M5P PV panel model.•The model is validated in uncontrolled real-time irradiation environment at three operating points.•The model is ...compared with the existing models to show the significant improvement in the accuracy.•The model is highly accurate when compared with both datasheet and experiment.
An accurate model of the PV panel is useful to predict its behavior at all operating points for various applications. However, most of the manufacturers provide datasheet values at only open circuit point, short circuit point and maximum power point. Single mechanism five parameters (1M5P) model which contains a series and parallel resistance is presented. The model has five unknown parameters which need to be extracted. In this paper, the parameter extraction technique is improved for accuracy, simplicity and practicability. It requires minimum amount of data from the datasheet and does not require any complex iteration. The accuracy of the model with improved parameter extraction technique (IPET) is firstly validated with datasheet in the controlled irradiation environment. Secondly it is also compared under real-time uncontrolled irradiation environment in order to check the practicability of the model. Finally, the experiment for uncontrolled irradiation environment is carried out on three operating point’s i.e. maximum power point and two half power points to verify the accuracy of the model over the wider operating range.. The results of the model with IPET are in good agreement with both datasheet and experimental results with difference of less than 5%. It also shows significant improvement in accuracy when compared to the existing models.
Solar desalination is gaining increasing attention as a sustainable solution to address water scarcity in many regions. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of various aspects of solar ...desalination systems, including distillate quality, cost estimation, efficiency, and performance comparison. The research involved developing a photovoltaic-based solar desalination system and investigating its distillate quantity and quality, demonstrating its improvement over the conventional system (solar still which comprises a basin and a glass cover) and similar research. A pretreatment system was incorporated to produce a cleaner distillate over conventional solar stills. The results showed an improvement in distillate quantity from 4.7 L/m2 day to 19.7 L/m2 day, for the conventional and modified systems respectively. The pretreatment system enhances the distillate quality with a range of 10–55% in certain parameters. Cost estimation analysis revealed the distillate cost for the traditional and improved systems are 0.041 and 0.091 $/L respectively. A comparison with other studies highlighted the remarkable efficiency of the present study with an average improvement of 30%. It is recommended that future research should be focused on integrating pre-treatment systems, optimizing distillate cost, improving the performance of the conventional system, exploring efficiency enhancements, conducting comparative studies, performing techno-economic analysis, and scaling up. In conclusion, this work contributes to the understanding of desalination systems that use solar energy, their performance, and cost-effectiveness.
This research work aims to develop a fault detection and performance monitoring system for a photovoltaic (PV) system that can detect and communicate errors to the user. The proposed system uses ...real-time data from various sensors to identify performance problems and faults in the PV system, particularly for encapsulation failure and module corrosion. The system incorporates a user interface that operates on a micro-computer utilizing Python software to show the detected errors from the PV miniature scale system. Fault detection is achieved by comparing the One-diode model with a controlled state retrieved through field testing. A database is generated by the system based on acceptable training data and it serves as a reference point for detecting faults. The user is notified of any deviations based on the threshold value from the training data as an indication of an error by the system. The system offers real-time monitoring, easy-to-understand error messages, and remote access capability, making it an efficient and effective tool for both users and maintenance personnel to manage and maintain the PV system.
Poverty as an object of study in India continues to be the domain of economists, statisticians and demographers. The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSS) serves as the main instrument of data ...collection to measure poverty relative to economic indicators. In this paper we draw on strengths-based research undertaken in an Indian village to foreground alternative ways of conceptualising and practising data collection when measuring poverty. Explored through an analytics of biopolitics, asset-mapping exercises with young people and women revealed new subjectivities that emerged via illustrative meaning-making and dialogue. This approach to poverty measurement facilitated methods and produced outcomes that were less calculated and predefined than the NSS, and encouraged participation, even questioning of the status quo, in the 'doing' of the methodology itself. A strengths orientation to poverty opens up radical possibilities, particularly in India where the state-sanctioned self-governing body, the Gram Sabhas, has a mandate to provide for the most marginalised groups. And while this governing body is not free from power imbalances, the potential it offers, when combined with strengths-based approaches (SBA) that value people for the expertise they already have, demands renewed attention in practitioner and policy debates in the country.
A multi‐component, fluorescent hydrogel of chitosan and gelatin using maleic acid as a cross‐linking agent was fabricated with improved mechanical and thermal properties. The FTIR spectroscopy and ...SEM studies confirmed the formation of a cross‐linked and porous hydrogel. The XPS studies confirmed the presence of rich functionalities over the surface of hydrogel. The hybrid hydrogel possessed strong blue emission band centered at 438 nm when excited with an absorption band centered at 384 nm. The fluorescent hydrogel was tested for selective detection of different heavy metal ions including Cr (VI) in the aqueous solution. The strong complexation among the functional groups of hydrogel and metal ions led to the quenching of hydrogel's fluorescence. The fluorescence of hydrogel was quenched significantly in the presence of Cr (VI) ions in comparison to the other heavy metal ions. The fluorescence‐quenching efficiency displayed a linear response to the Cr (VI) concentration in the range of 1–14 nM with a lower detection limit of 0.12 nM. Embraced with good sensitivity and selectivity for Cr (VI) ions, the solid hydrogel with stable fluorescent properties holds a great potential in chemical sensing applications.
A fluorescent cross‐linked chitosan based hydrogel was synthesized, characterized and used for the selective detection of Chromium(VI).
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