Salt tolerant bacteria can be helpful in improving a plant's tolerance to salinity. Although plant-bacteria interactions in response to salt stress have been characterized, the precise molecular ...mechanisms by which bacterial inoculation alleviates salt stress in plants are still poorly explored. In the present study, we aimed to determine the role of a salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)
BHU-AV3 for improving salt tolerance in tomato through investigating the physiological responses of tomato roots and leaves under salinity stress. Tomato plants inoculated with BHU-AV3 and challenged with 200 mM NaCl exhibited less senescence, positively correlated with the maintenance of ion balance, lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased proline content compared to the non-inoculated plants. BHU-AV3-inoculated plant leaves were less affected by oxidative stress, as evident from a reduction in superoxide contents, cell death, and lipid peroxidation. The reduction in ROS level was associated with the increased antioxidant enzyme activities along with multiple-isoform expression peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in plant roots. Additionally, BHU-AV3 inoculation induced the expression of proteins involved in (i) energy production ATP synthase, (ii) carbohydrate metabolism (enolase), (iii) thiamine biosynthesis protein, (iv) translation protein (elongation factor 1 alpha), and the antioxidant defense system (catalase) in tomato roots. These findings have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of bacteria-mediated alleviation of salt stress in plants. From the study, we can conclude that BHU-AV3 inoculation effectively induces antioxidant systems and energy metabolism in tomato roots, which leads to whole plant protection during salt stress through induced systemic tolerance.
Tomato is an important nutritional vegetable crop and its nutrient contents are affected by both biotic and abiotic stresses. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of seed ...biopriming with
Trichoderma pseudokoningii
BHUR2 and vermiwash treatment on nutrient content of tomato and defense response against
Sclerotium rolfsii
under heat stress condition. The combined application of
T. pseudokoningii
BHUR2 and vermiwash increased fresh weight of root (4.8-fold) and shoot (5.8-fold), dry weight of root (6.9-fold) and shoot (6.4-fold) and number of fruits per plant (4.2-fold) as compared to control under
S. rolfsii
inoculated condition. Plants treated with
T. pseudokoningii
BHUR2 and vermiwash exhibited higher defense response against
S. rolfsii,
mediated by higher activity of superoxide dismutase (3.57-fold), peroxidase (2.05-fold) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (2.98-fold) enzymes and accumulation of total phenol content (5.35-fold) as compared to control plants. In addition, combined treatment was found to have a positive impact on nutritional status (N, P, K and Ca and lycopene, total soluble sugar and total protein) in tomato fruit. These results suggest potential of
T. pseudokoningii
BHUR2 and vermiwash in enhancing tomato immunity against
S. rolfsii
under heat stress condition, which was due to (1) induction in the antioxidant activity and phenylpropanoid pathway, which minimize oxidative damage and reduce pathogen infection and (2) significant improvement in nutrient content leads to better plant growth. The formulation of
Trichoderma
BHUR2 can be used for field application to mitigate heat stress in plants.
Microbial populations have diverse roles within rhizosphere where interactions among distinct microorganisms along with the host may lead to mutualistic associations. The present study aimed to ...investigate the nutritional and antioxidant qualities of seeds and pericarp of pea raised from seeds treated with beneficial microbes namely Bacillus subtilis BHHU100, Trichoderma harzianum TNHU27 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PJHU15 either singly and/or in consortia. A significant increase in total phenolic, flavonoid, ascorbic acid and protein contents, free radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, iron chelation and reducing power were observed in the seeds and pericarp of pods treated with a consortium of microbes in comparison to control pods. Also, the differential accumulation of phenolic compounds, namely, shikimic acid, gallic acid, tannic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin and kaempferol, was observed from the HPLC chromatogram of the seed extracts of different treatments. We especially emphasized on dietary importance of the pod pericarp, other than seeds, along with their modulation by microbial consortium. The study also highlights the role of beneficial microbes in improving nutritional value by providing protection against oxidative stress.
•Microbial consortium of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used.•Their role in modulating qualities of pea seeds and pericarp was examined.•Consortium-treated plants showed increase in total phenolic and flavonoid content.•Similar increase was seen in ascorbic acid, protein content and iron chelation.•Hydroxyl and free radical scavenging activities and reducing power also increased.
•State-of-art approach can manage COVID-19 but a complete recovery is a concern yet.•This report explores optimized bio-active compounds to manage SARS-CoV-2 infection.•These compounds not only ...manage COVID-19 infection but also support body functions.•Nanomedicine approaches support the delivery of these compounds to a right organ.•Nano-nutraceuticals can manage COVID-19 pre/post consequences intelligently.
Optimized therapeutic bio-compounds supported by bio-acceptable nanosystems (i.e., precise nanomedicine) have ability to promote health via maintaining body structure, organ function, and controlling chronic and acute effects. Therefore, nano-nutraceuticals (designed to neutralize virus, inhibit virus bindings with receptors, and support immunity) utilization can manage COVID-19 pre/post-infection effects. To explore these approaches well, our mini-review explores optimized bio-active compounds, their ability to influence SARS-CoV-2 infection, improvement in performance supported by precise nanomedicine approach, and challenges along with prospects. Such optimized pharmacologically relevant therapeutic cargo not only affect SARS-CoV-2 but will support other organs which show functional alternation due to SARS-CoV-2 for example, neurological functions. Hence, coupling the nutraceuticals with the nano-pharmacology perspective of higher efficacy via targeted delivery action can pave a novel way for health experts to plan future research needed to manage post COVID-19 infection effect where a longer efficacy with no side-effects is a key requirement.
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Phytomicrobiome Interactions and Sustainable Agriculture, will look at our understanding of the importance of "Phytomicrobiome" and explore its components, which provide plant development benefits, ...including nutrient availability, amelioration of stress, and defence to plant disease. This book will cover concepts of phytomicrobiome in the following four sections: 1. Phytomicrobiome concept2. "Omics" in phytomicrobiome studies3. Phytomicrobiome and climate change4. Phytomicrobiome engineering for sustainable agriculture The book will introduce and classify the corresponding Phytomicrobiome components and then present a detailed discussion related to its effect on plant development, controlling factors of this biome, its behaviour under climate change condition and beneficial effects. This book will also cover the new emerging technical concept of Phytomicrobiome engineering, which is an advanced concept to sustain agricultural productivity in recent climatic scenario. Hence, this book will provide instant access to comprehensive, cutting edge data, making it possible for plant scientists, and researchers to utilize this ever-growing wealth of information.
Cancer metastasis is a multistep process in which a cancer cell spreads from the site of the primary lesion, passes through the circulatory system, and establishes a secondary tumor at a new ...nonadjacent organ or part. Inhibition of cancer progression by dietary phytochemicals (DPs) offers significant promise for reducing the incidence and mortality of cancer. Consumption of DPs in the diet has been linked to a decrease in the rate of metastatic cancer in a number of preclinical animal models and human epidemiological studies. DPs have been reported to modulate the numerous biological events including epigenetic events (noncoding micro-RNAs, histone modification, and DNA methylation) and multiple signaling transduction pathways (Wnt/beta-catenin, Notch, Sonic hedgehog, COX-2, EGFR, MAPK-ERK, JAK-STAT, Akt/PI3K/mTOR, NF-kappaB, AP-1, etc.), which can play a key role in regulation of metastasis cascade. Extensive studies have also been performed to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying antimetastatic activity of DPs, with results indicating that these DPs have significant inhibitory activity at nearly every step of the metastatic cascade. DPs have anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and by inhibiting cell growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Growing evidence has also shown that these natural agents potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy through the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the variety of molecular mechanisms by which DPs regulate metastatic cascade and highlight the potentials of these DPs as promising therapeutic inhibitors of cancer.
Induction of defense response in host plants by the
Trichoderma
spp. has been attributed as one of the major mechanisms leading to inhibition of the pathogenic ingression. The present study sheds ...light on the mechanisms employed by the
Trichoderma
isolates, obtained from phyllosphere (BHUF4) and rhizosphere (T16A), to modulate the defense network of chili plant under
Colletotrichum truncatum
challenge. Plants treated with both the
Trichoderma
strains exhibited significant accumulation of phenols under
C. truncatum
challenge with maximum increment recorded for capsaicin (16.1-fold), ferulic acid (5.03-fold), quercetin (5.36-fold), salicylic acid (94.88-fold), and kaempeferol (6.22-fold). Phenol accumulation corresponded to the subsequent defense gene expression pattern. When compared to the pathogen-challenged control plants, enhanced expression of
PR1
,
PIK1
,
CHI
,
GLU
,
Cdef
, and
SAR
genes was recorded in the
Trichoderma
-treated plants acting as a biocontrol agent (BCA). The results of the present study suggest that to strengthen the defense pathways in the host plant, the mechanisms employed by
Trichoderma
isolates differ and depend upon their origin and site of application. While phyllospheric
Trichoderma
isolate (BHUF4) employed the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathway, the rhizospheric
Trichoderma
strain (T16A) used the induced systemic response (ISR) pathway for eliciting the defense response in the host plant under
C. truncatum
challenge. The study signifies how
Trichoderma
strains obtained from different origin and when applied at different sites in plant judiciously reprogram the defense network of the host plant to provide robust protection against phytopathogens. In the present case, overall protection is provided to the chili plants against the foliar or underground attack of
C. truncatum
.
The utilization of microbial inoculants in the realm of sustainable agricultural and ecosystem restoration has witnessed a surge in recent decades. This rise is largely attributed to advancements in ...our understanding of plant–microbe interactions, the urgency to reduce the dependence on agrochemicals and the growing societal demand for sustainable strategies in ecosystem management. However, despite the rapid growth of bio‐inoculants sector, certain limitations persist concerning their efficacy and performance under the field condition. Here, we propose that seed biopriming, an effective microbial inoculant technique integrating both biological agents (the priming of beneficial microbes on seeds) and physiological aspects (hydration of seeds for improved metabolically activity), has a significant potential to mitigate these limitations. This method increases the protection of seeds against soil‐borne pathogens and soil pollutants, such as salts and heavy metals, while promoting germination rate and uniformity, leading to overall improved primary productivity and soil health. Furthermore, we argue that a microbial coating on seeds can facilitate transgenerational associations of beneficial microbes, refine plant and soil microbiomes, and maintain soil legacies of beneficial microflora. This review article aims to improve our understanding of the seed biopriming approach as a potent and valuable tool in achieving sustainable agriculture and successful ecosystem restoration.
The use of microbial inoculants has surged in sustainable agriculture and ecosystem restoration. Limitations persist, but seed bio‐priming, which combines beneficial microbes with seed hydration, could mitigate these. This method boosts seed protection, germination rate, productivity and soil health. A microbial coating on seeds may facilitate beneficial transgenerational associations, refining plant and soil microbiomes. Thus, seed bio‐priming holds potential for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem restoration. Seed microbiomes impact those of roots, flowers, fruits and significantly influence soil microbiomes. A robust seed microbiome enhances plant biomass production, food quality, soil organic matter content and controls soil pathogens. Insects, such as pollinators, can also facilitate inter‐ and intra‐generational microbial transmission, but their impact can vary based on unexplored biotic and abiotic factors.
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