Recent trend of research is to hybridize two and several number of variants to find out better quality of solution of practical and recent real applications in the field of global optimization ...problems. In this paper, a new approach hybrid Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) – Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) is exercised on twenty-two benchmark test, five bio-medical dataset and one sine dataset problems. Hybrid GWOSCA is combination of Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) used for exploitation phase and Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) for exploration phase in uncertain environment. The movement directions and speed of the grey wolve (alpha) is improved using position update equations of SCA. The numerical and statistical solutions obtained with hybrid GWOSCA approach is compared with other metaheuristics approaches such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Hybrid Approach GWO (HAGWO), Mean GWO (MGWO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA). The numerical and statistical experimental results prove that the proposed hybrid variant can highly be effective in solving benchmark and real life applications with or without constrained and unknown search areas.
This study involves the adsorption of lead using magnetic chitosan/graphene oxide (MCGO) composite material in batch mode. The MCGO composite material was synthesized via modified Hummers method. The ...MCGO composite material was characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Tunnelling electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and UV–vis diffusive reflectance spectra. The adsorption mechanism of MCGO composite material was well described by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order kinetic model, with a high regression coefficient (<0.99). The MCGO composite material was applied for the removal of lead metal from aqueous solution. We have also evaluated toxicity of synthesized MCGO composite material by examining on A549 cells. The results have shown that MCGO material showed viable cell percentage of 53.7% at 50 μg and 44.8% at 100 μg.
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•The use of magnetic chitosan/graphene oxide composite (MCGO) composite for the adsorption of Pb(II) was studied.•Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order rate kinetics describe batch sorption•High adsorption capacity (112.35 mg/g) in batch study•Toxicity of GO, Fe3O4 and MCGO composite material was examined on A549 cells.
An expanding body of preclinical evidence suggests EGCG, the major catechin found in green tea (Camellia sinensis), has the potential to impact a variety of human diseases. Apparently, EGCG functions ...as a powerful antioxidant, preventing oxidative damage in healthy cells, but also as an antiangiogenic and antitumor agent and as a modulator of tumor cell response to chemotherapy. Much of the cancer chemopreventive properties of green tea are mediated by EGCG that induces apoptosis and promotes cell growth arrest by altering the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, activating killer caspases, and suppressing oncogenic transcription factors and pluripotency maintain factors. In vitro studies have demonstrated that EGCG blocks carcinogenesis by affecting a wide array of signal transduction pathways including JAK/STAT, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, Wnt and Notch. EGCG stimulates telomere fragmentation through inhibiting telomerase activity. Various clinical studies have revealed that treatment by EGCG inhibits tumor incidence and multiplicity in different organ sites such as liver, stomach, skin, lung, mammary gland and colon. Recent work demonstrated that EGCG reduced DNMTs, proteases, and DHFR activities, which would affect transcription of TSGs and protein synthesis. EGCG has great potential in cancer prevention because of its safety, low cost and bioavailability. In this review, we discuss its cancer preventive properties and its mechanism of action at numerous points regulating cancer cell growth, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, non-toxic natural agent could be useful either alone or in combination with conventional therapeutics for the prevention of tumor progression and/or treatment of human malignancies.
The structural, electronic, optical, and photocatalytic properties of out-of-plane and in-plane heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides are investigated by (hybrid) first principles ...calculations. The out-of-plane heterostructures are found to be indirect band gap semiconductors with type-II band alignment. Direct band gaps can be achieved by moderate tensile strain in specific cases. The excitonic peaks show blueshifts as compared to the parent monolayer systems, whereas redshifts occur when the chalcogen atoms are exchanged along the series S-Se-Te. Strong absorption from infrared to visible light as well as excellent photocatalytic properties can be achieved.
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the leading causes of infant mortality. SMA is mostly caused by low levels of Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein due to deletion of or mutation in the SMN1 ...gene. Its nearly identical copy, SMN2, fails to compensate for the loss of SMN1 due to predominant skipping of exon 7. Correction of SMN2 exon 7 splicing by an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), nusinersen (Spinraza™), that targets the intronic splicing silencer N1 (ISS-N1) became the first approved therapy for SMA. Restoration of SMN levels using gene therapy was the next. Very recently, an orally deliverable small molecule, risdiplam (Evrysdi™), became the third approved therapy for SMA. Here we discuss how these therapies are positioned to meet the needs of the broad phenotypic spectrum of SMA patients.
PSOWNN – Particle Swarm Optimized Wavelet Neural Network. DB – Database. Display omitted
•We propose a CAD system for detecting breast cancer in mammograms.•Swarm intelligence optimized wavelet ...neural network detects the cancers.•We focus on optimized wavelet neural network to enhance the detection accuracy.•Experiments are carried out on real clinical database collected from screening centers.•Our method yielded better performance than other existing approaches.
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Accurate early detection can effectively reduce the mortality rate caused by breast cancer. Masses and microcalcification clusters are an important early signs of breast cancer. However, it is often difficult to distinguish abnormalities from normal breast tissues because of their subtle appearance and ambiguous margins. Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) helps the radiologist in detecting the abnormalities in an efficient way. This paper investigates a new classification approach for detection of breast abnormalities in digital mammograms using Particle Swarm Optimized Wavelet Neural Network (PSOWNN). The proposed abnormality detection algorithm is based on extracting Laws Texture Energy Measures from the mammograms and classifying the suspicious regions by applying a pattern classifier. The method is applied to real clinical database of 216 mammograms collected from mammogram screening centers. The detection performance of the CAD system is analyzed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. This curve indicates the trade-offs between sensitivity and specificity that is available from a diagnostic system, and thus describes the inherent discrimination capacity of the proposed system. The result shows that the area under the ROC curve of the proposed algorithm is 0.96853 with a sensitivity 94.167% of and specificity of 92.105%.
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) were synthesized by a novel, simple green chemistry procedure using Elaeagnus angustifolia leaf extract as a reducing and capping agent. The crystalline nature ...of nanoceria was confirmed by XRD analysis. FTIR analysis revealed that phytochemicals are present on the surface of nanoceria. SEM and TEM images revealed that the nanoceria are well dispersed, spherical in shape with a particle size range in between 30 and 75 nm. Thereafter, the effects of various concentrations of cerium oxide (CeO2) and green synthesized nanoceria on growth and metabolism of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) were investigated. The bio-accumulation of Ce in tomato seedlings was found to be dose dependent and the results showed that with the increase in exposure concentrations, the accumulation of Ce contents in both root and shoots augmented. However, unlike nanoceria treated seedlings, Ce contents in the roots with CeO2 treatments were negligible than that in the shoots at lower concentrations and this suggested the immobilization of Ce in CeO2 treatment at lower concentrations. Nanoceria at 500 and 1000 mg/L resulted in inhibitory effect on growth of test plant as compared to CeO2 component. The exposure of plants to nanoceria and CeO2 has resulted in significant reduction in pigment content, increased LP, EL and H2O2 content. The activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. SOD, CAT, APX and GPX were significantly up regulated on exposure of nanoceria and CeO2. It is concluded that plant exposure with nanoceria at concentrations of 20 and 100 mg/L were more beneficial for growth and metabolism of tomato plants than that of CeO2 at equivalent concentrations.
•Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) were synthesized using Elaeagnus angustifolia leaf extract as a reducing and a capping agent.•FTIR analysis revealed that phytochemicals are present on the surface of nanoceria.•The effects of various concentrations of cerium oxide and green synthesized nanoceria on growth and metabolism of Solanum lycopersicum were investigated.•The exposure of plants to nanoceria and CeO2 has resulted in significant reduction in pigment content, increased lipid peroxidation, EL and H2O2 content.•The activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. SOD, CAT, APX and GPX were significantly up regulated on exposure of nanoceria and CeO2.
A phenothiazine-based photoremovable protecting group (PRPG) for single and dual release of carboxylic acids was developed. The change in the oxidation state of the sulfur atom of the phenothiazine ...PRPG resulted in singlet oxygen generation, rather than photorelease. The difference in the photochemistry between oxygen-free and oxygen-functionalized phenothiazine was investigated and supported by DFT calculations.
This report presents the oxygenation of C–H bonds via the merger of photocatalysis and Pd catalysis. Herein, we describe the utilization of a photocatalyst to oxidize an organopalladium(II) ...intermediate to high-valent PdIII or PdIV intermediates, which promotes the formation of C–O bonds. The demonstrated method works efficiently with various directing groups, such as oxime ether and benzothiazole. The applicability of this direct C–O bond formation method is shown by synthesizing several metal complexes of 2-(benzodthiazol-2-yl)phenol that can be used in organic light-emitting diodes and pharmaceuticals.
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the major genetic disorders associated with infant mortality. More than 90% of cases of SMA result from deletions of or mutations in the Survival Motor Neuron ...1 (SMN1) gene. SMN2, a nearly identical copy of SMN1, does not compensate for the loss of SMN1 due to predominant skipping of exon 7. The spectrum of SMA is broad, ranging from prenatal death to infant mortality to survival into adulthood. All tissues, including brain, spinal cord, bone, skeletal muscle, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, spleen, ovary and testis, are directly and/or indirectly affected in SMA. Accumulating evidence on impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and defects in X chromosome-linked modifying factors, coupled with the sexual dimorphic nature of many tissues, point to sex-specific vulnerabilities in SMA. Here we review the role of sex in the pathogenesis of SMA.
•Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a disease of broad spectrum affecting infants, children and adults.•Most tissues and organs are intrinsically (and independently) affected in SMA.•Sex plays a role in determining the overall prevalence and severity of SMA.•Male reproductive organ development and male fertility are adversely impacted in SMA.
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