This review aims to emphasize the occurrence and abundant presence of mannans in nature, their classification, structural differences and significance in food and feed industry. With rising demand ...from the consumers' end for novel natural foods, usage of galactomannan and glucomannan has also increased alternatively. Non toxicity of mannans permits their usage in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetics, and textile industries. In the food industry, mannans have various applications such as edible films/coating, gel formation, stiffeners, viscosity modifiers, stabilizers, texture improvers, water absorbants, as prebiotics in dairy products and bakery, seasonings, diet foods, coffee whiteners etc. Applications and functions of these commonly used commercially available mannans have therefore, been highlighted. Mannans improve the texture and appeal of food products and provide numerous health benefits like controlling obesity and body weight control, prebiotic benefits, constipation alleviaton, prevent occurrence of diarrhea, check inflammation due to gut related diseases, management of diverticular disease management, balance intestinal microbiota, immune system modulator, reduced risk of colorectal cancer etc. Mannan degrading enzymes are the key enzymes involved in degradation and are useful in various industrial processes such as fruit juice clarification, viscosity reduction of coffee extracts etc. besides facilitating the process steps and improving process quality.
Over the past three decades, significant research efforts have focused on improving the charge carrier mobility of organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). In recent years, a commonly observed ...nonlinearity in OTFT current–voltage characteristics, known as the “kink” or “double slope,” has led to widespread mobility overestimations, contaminating the relevant literature. Here, published data from the past 30 years is reviewed to uncover the extent of the field‐effect mobility hype and identify the progress that has actually been achieved in the field of OTFTs. Present carrier‐mobility‐related challenges are identified, finding that reliable hole and electron mobility values of 20 and 10 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, have yet to be achieved. Based on the analysis, the literature is then reviewed to summarize the concepts behind the success of high‐performance p‐type polymers, along with the latest understanding of the design criteria that will enable further mobility enhancement in n‐type polymers and small molecules, and the reasons why high carrier mobility values have been consistently produced from small molecule/polymer blend semiconductors. Overall, this review brings together important information that aids reliable OTFT data analysis, while providing guidelines for the development of next‐generation organic semiconductors.
Overestimated carrier mobility values reported in recent years for organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) have contaminated the literature. 30 years of OTFT carrier mobility data is examined in an effort to identify actual progress achieved, and summarize the key design strategies behind high carrier mobility values for both p‐ and n‐type organic semiconductors.
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge that is not just limited to the physical consequences but also a significant degree of a mental health crisis. Self-harm and suicide are its extreme ...effects. We aim to explore the impact of this pandemic on suicide and self-harm in our Emergency Department. A cross-sectional study was conducted including all fatal and nonfatal self-harm patients presenting to the emergency department during the lockdown period (March 24-June 23, 2020; Period1), matching periods in the previous year (March 24-June 23,2019; Period 2) and 3 months period prior (December 24 2019-March 23, 2020; Period 3) were included through the electronic medical record system. The prevalence and the clinical profile were compared between these three periods. A total of 125 (periods 1 = 55, 2 = 38, and 3 = 32) suicide and self-harm cases were analyzed. Suicide and self-harm had increased by 44% and 71.9% during the lockdown in comparison to periods 2 and 3. Organophosphate poisoning was the most common mode. Females were predominant in all three periods with a mean age of 32 (95%CI: 29.3-34.7). There was a significant delay in arrival of the patients in period 1 (p = 0.045) with increased hospital admission (p = 0.003) and in-hospital mortality (18.2% vs 2.6% and 3.1%) (p<0.001). Our study showed an increase in suicide and self-harm cases in the emergency department during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic which may reflect the increased mental health crisis in the community in low resource settings like Nepal. This study highlights the importance of priming all mental health care stakeholders to initiate mental health screening and intervention for the vulnerable population during this period of crisis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
YouTube has emerged as the most innovative social networking sites (SNS) with exclusive features at that time which allowed users to post, view, comment and link to videos on the site. The ...purpose of this paper is to investigate the way emotional appeals are being used in YouTube advertisements to promote their products by considering various big brands of different industries in emerging market like India. The advertisement that induces consumer’s emotions can cause subconscious reactions which supersede consumer’s logical and pragmatic responses to create the unbreakable bond with a brand.
Design/methodology/approach
The study has taken online video advertisements which were uploaded on YouTube by different companies. The advertisements considered for the study were selected on three criteria: having more than 1,00,000 subscribers; videos having Indian advertisements; and have released at least one popular advertisement of minimum 1,00,000 views monthly in the period January 1-December 31, 2016. Random sampling method was used. Content analysis of 150 video advertisements was done to assess the influence of positive and negative emotions on consumer engagement. Multiple regression method is used taking the stepwise method.
Findings
The present study focused on emotional aspects of the advertisement that induce consumer engagement through SNS. The marketing strategies mainly focus on rational aspects as well as emotional aspects. The study suggests that in emerging economy like India, people heavily rely on emotions rather than logical information regarding any goods or services; hence, we considered both positive and negative emotional aspects in the study so as to measure the influence of emotional appeals on consumer engagement. Positive emotional appeals like contentment, happiness and love have the positive influence on the consumer engagement. On the other hand, negative emotional appeals are negatively related to the consumer engagement.
Originality/value
The present study aims at measuring ripple effect of the emotional appeals on ads and also tries to compare the impact between positive and negative emotional appeals so that it becomes easy for the marketers to determine the context in which it can be applied. For this purpose, YouTube video ads from India have been taken as the object of study from different industries.
In this digital era, the internet, and Social Media (SM) has had a radical impact on the shopping behavior of “costumers” The SM provides a platform where “costumers” are exposed to the best product ...with the best price along with reviews and opinions about the merchandise. So, we can turn our heads and look at a brand in a way as if the brand is speaking to us. This study was an attempt to explore the Social Media Marketing Activities (SMMA) that are being used for the marketing of fashionable products like apparel and to what level the SMMA activities of brands truly strengthen the relationship with customers and motivate purchase intention. Moreover, SMMA has a robust application in developing a marketing strategy for business. It has become a significant tool that collaborates with businesses and people. It is concluded that the “costumer”-brand relationship does have a positive and statistically significant impact on consumers’ purchase intention through SM.
Beer is the world's third most popular fermented beverage. It is typically made from malted barley. Tropical countries must import barley from temperate countries for brewing, which is an expensive ...process. Therefore, it is critical to investigate alternative possible substrates for beer production in order to meet the growing demand for high-nutritional-quality beer. The current study involves the creation of a fermented beverage from anthocyanin-rich black wheat with the help of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae CMS12, isolated from fruit waste. Characterization (UV, HPLC, NMR, FTIR, and ICPMS) was then performed, as well as a comparative study with white (amber) wheat beer. Further, process parameters optimization included initial sugar concentration, inoculum size, and pH. Black wheat wort contained 568 mg GAE/L total phenolic content, 4.67 mg/L anthocyanin concentration, 6.8% (v/v) alcohol content, and a pH of 4.04. The sensory analysis revealed that black wheat beer was more acceptable than white wheat beer. The developed fermented beverage has enormous commercialization potential.
The present study reports on the abundance of reactive nitrogen (NH3 and NO2) at two sites, i.e. Okhla (urban site) in Delhi and Mai (rural site), located in the nearby state: Uttar Pradesh. The ...measurements were carried out during the period from October, 2012 to September, 2013 on a monthly basis. The average concentrations of NH3 at Okhla and Mai have been recorded as 40.4 16.8 and 51.57 22.8 g m−3, respectively. The average concentrations of NO2 have been recorded as 24.4 13.5 and 18.8 12.6 g m−3 at Okhla and Mai, respectively. Results show that the seasonal variation at Mai was more prominent where NH3 concentrations varied at 72.0 g m−3 during the winter, 47.2 g m−3 during the summer and 30.7 g m−3 during the monsoon season, whereas at Okhla the average NH3 concentrations were almost equal during different seasons, namely 44.2 g m−3 during the winter, 42.5 g m−3 during the summer and 38.9 g m−3 during the monsoon season. This is probably due to significant differences in crops and in the fertilizer amounts applied across the seasons in rural areas, while urban areas have almost constant sources throughout the year. Winter concentrations were highest at both sites, followed by summer and then the monsoon season. The average NO2 concentrations were recorded as 39.6 g m−3, 24.5 g m−3and 10.4 g m−3 during the winter, summer and monsoon season at Okhla, whereas the average NO2 concentrations were recorded as 27.5 g m−3, 17.2 g m−3 and 4.1 g m−3 during the winter, summer and monsoon season, respectively. NO2 emissions at Okhla may be attributed to various urban activities, such as vehicular traffic and industries, while NO2 emissions at Mai may be attributed to biomass burning as a major source. However, NO2 concentrations from vehicular traffic and nearby industries cannot be ignored at Mai.
The present work models the fermentation process parameters of the newly isolated, Meyerozyma caribbica CP02 for enhanced xylitol production and its fermentability study on rice straw hydrolysate. ...The study examined the impact of each of the process variables by one variable at a time optimization followed by statistical validation. Temperature of 32 °C, pH of 3.5, agitation of 200 rpm, 1.5% (v/v) inoculum, 80 gL
initial xylose was optimized. Subsequently, a sequential two-stage agitation approach was adopted for fermentation. At these optimized conditions, xylitol yield of 0.77 gg
and 0.64 gg
was achieved using media containing commercial and rice straw derived xylose, respectively. For scale up, in 3L batch bioreactor, the highest xylitol yield (0.63 gg
) was attained at 72 h with rice straw hydrolysate media containing initial xylose (59.48 ± 0.82 gL
) along with inhibitors (1.55 ± 0.10 gL
aliphatic acids, 0.0.048 ± 0.11 gL
furans, 0.64 ± 0.23 gL
total phenols). The results imply that even under circumstances characterized by an acidic pH and elevated initial xylose level, M. caribbica CP02, as an isolate, displays robustness and shows favorable fermentability of rice straw hydrolysate. Therefore, isolate CP02 has potential to be used in bio-refineries for high yield xylitol production with minimal hydrolysate processing requirements.
This article presents a comprehensive review on the reliability assessment and charging methodologies of electric vehicles (EVs) connected to the grid. In the transportation industry, EVs are ...acknowledged as effective ideas for reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and the emission of greenhouse gases. The article presents a critical survey of the various types of EVs and their performance, generally depend on the proper interface between power electronics converters and energy storage devices. Bi‐directional converters are utilised to enhance efficiency and prolong battery life. This article explores an in‐depth analysis of the grid connected converter topologies for distribution networks, charging infrastructures and standards, battery charging technologies (merits/demerits), and most advanced off‐board and on‐board EV chargers. Evaluating the reliability of grid‐integrated EVs system is thus an important area of research. Then, the current research approaches vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) and grid‐to‐vehicle (G2V) are demonstrated to describe travel behaviour, reliability parameters, and battery capacity associated with reliability and to assess the stability of the distribution system by incorporating EV discharging thresholds of both distribution networks and EVs. Finally, this article illustrates the positive as well as negative impacts of grid integration, issues related to EV converters, and specific suggestions for developing EV charging stations (CS) in the future.
This paper presents a comprehensive review on the reliability assessment and charging methodologies of electric vehicles (EVs) connected to the grid. In the transportation industry, EVs are acknowledged as effective ideas for reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and the emission of greenhouse gases.
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