Plant genetic resources (PGR) are the basic raw materials for future genetic progress and an insurance against unforeseen threats to agricultural production. An extensive characterization of PGR ...provides an opportunity to dissect structure, mine allelic variations, and identify diverse accessions for crop improvement. The Generation Challenge Program http://www.generationcp.org conceptualized the development of "composite collections" and extraction of "reference sets" from these for more efficient tapping of global crop-related genetic resources. In this study, we report the genetic structure, diversity and allelic richness in a composite collection of chickpea using SSR markers, and formation of a reference set of 300 accessions.
The 48 SSR markers detected 1683 alleles in 2915 accessions, of which, 935 were considered rare, 720 common and 28 most frequent. The alleles per locus ranged from 14 to 67, averaged 35, and the polymorphic information content was from 0.467 to 0.974, averaged 0.854. Marker polymorphism varied between groups of accessions in the composite collection and reference set. A number of group-specific alleles were detected: 104 in Kabuli, 297 in desi, and 69 in wild Cicer; 114 each in Mediterranean and West Asia (WA), 117 in South and South East Asia (SSEA), and 10 in African region accessions. Desi and kabuli shared 436 alleles, while wild Cicer shared 17 and 16 alleles with desi and kabuli, respectively. The accessions from SSEA and WA shared 74 alleles, while those from Mediterranean 38 and 33 alleles with WA and SSEA, respectively. Desi chickpea contained a higher proportion of rare alleles (53%) than kabuli (46%), while wild Cicer accessions were devoid of rare alleles. A genotype-based reference set captured 1315 (78%) of the 1683 composite collection alleles of which 463 were rare, 826 common, and 26 the most frequent alleles. The neighbour-joining tree diagram of this reference set represents diversity from all directions of the tree diagram of the composite collection.
The genotype-based reference set, reported here, is an ideal set of germplasm for allele mining, association genetics, mapping and cloning gene(s), and in applied breeding for the development of broad-based elite breeding lines/cultivars with superior yield and enhanced adaptation to diverse environments.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We discovered 26785 and 16573 high-quality SNPs differentiating two parental genotypes of a RIL mapping population using reference desi and kabuli genome-based GBS assay. Of these, 3625 and 2177 SNPs ...have been integrated into eight desi and kabuli chromosomes, respectively in order to construct ultra-high density (0.20-0.37 cM) intra-specific chickpea genetic linkage maps. One of these constructed high-resolution genetic map has potential to identify 33 major genomic regions harbouring 35 robust QTLs (PVE: 17.9-39.7%) associated with three agronomic traits, which were mapped within <1 cM mean marker intervals on desi chromosomes. The extended LD (linkage disequilibrium) decay (~15 cM) in chromosomes of genetic maps have encouraged us to use a rapid integrated approach (comparative QTL mapping, QTL-region specific haplotype/LD-based trait association analysis, expression profiling and gene haplotype-based association mapping) rather than a traditional QTL map-based cloning method to narrow-down one major seed weight (SW) robust QTL region. It delineated favourable natural allelic variants and superior haplotype-containing one seed-specific candidate embryo defective gene regulating SW in chickpea. The ultra-high-resolution genetic maps, QTLs/genes and alleles/haplotypes-related genomic information generated and integrated strategy for rapid QTL/gene identification developed have potential to expedite genomics-assisted breeding applications in crop plants, including chickpea for their genetic enhancement.
Peanut is an important and nutritious agricultural commodity and a livelihood of many small-holder farmers in the semi-arid tropics (SAT) of world which are facing serious production threats. ...Integration of genomics tools with on-going genetic improvement approaches is expected to facilitate accelerated development of improved cultivars. Therefore, high-resolution genotyping and multiple season phenotyping data for 50 important agronomic, disease and quality traits were generated on the 'reference set' of peanut. This study reports comprehensive analyses of allelic diversity, population structure, linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay and marker-trait association (MTA) in peanut. Distinctness of all the genotypes can be established by using either an unique allele detected by a single SSR or a combination of unique alleles by two or more than two SSR markers. As expected, DArT features (2.0 alleles/locus, 0.125 PIC) showed lower allele frequency and polymorphic information content (PIC) than SSRs (22.21 alleles /locus, 0.715 PIC). Both marker types clearly differentiated the genotypes of diploids from tetraploids. Multi-allelic SSRs identified three sub-groups (K = 3) while the LD simulation trend line based on squared-allele frequency correlations (r2) predicted LD decay of 15-20 cM in peanut genome. Detailed analysis identified a total of 524 highly significant MTAs (p value > 2.1 × 10-6) with wide phenotypic variance (PV) range (5.81-90.09%) for 36 traits. These MTAs after validation may be deployed in improving biotic resistance, oil/ seed/ nutritional quality, drought tolerance related traits, and yield/ yield components.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
An outbreak of deadly COVID-19 virus has not only taken the lives of people but also severely crippled the economy. Due to strict lockdown, the manufacturing and logistics activities have been ...suspended, and it has affected the demand and supply of various products as a result of restrictions imposed on shopkeepers and retailers. Impacts of COVID-19 are observed ubiquitously in every type of units from different sectors. In this study, a simulation model of the public distribution system (PDS) network is developed with three different scenarios to demonstrate disruptions in the food supply chain. Difficulties have been increased in matching supply and demand in a vast network of PDS because of changing scenarios with the growth of infected cases and recovery. This paper also highlights the importance of a resilient supply chain during a pandemic. Our proposed simulation model can help in developing a resilient and responsive food supply chain to match the varying demand, and then further assist in providing decision-making support for rerouting the vehicles as per travel restrictions in areas. Paper has been summarised with significant highlights and including future research scope for developing a more robust food supply chain network.
Optimal selection of wire rope for various industrial applications is a multidisciplinary procedure. In this paper, optimum selection of wire rope for winch trolley in hot rolling shop is ...comprehensively demonstrated using finite element analysis. Powerfoam wire rope can be operated at lower D/d ratio and have 2.5 times longer service life as compared to their stranded conventional counterpart. The parameter-based geometric models of commercially available multi-layer wire ropes of 1 + 6 + 6 strand construction are designed using modelling software, SolidWorks, and procedure is followed by finite element analysis on ANSYS. The service life of wire rope is a function of factor of safety. Finally, cost analysis is delivered for optimum selection of wire rope, as an economical insight of the study.
Global warming and extreme temperatures are predicted in the future, hence identification of appropriate varieties that could adapt to such changes is imperative for sustaining crop productivity. ...Thirty-five early maturing chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm accessions were evaluated for their tolerance to heat stress. Plant traits such as plant width, flowering duration, days to maturity, pod number, seed weight, grain yield and per-day productivity were affected under heat stress. Genotypes differed in their sensitivity to heat stress, and the yield loss among genotypes varied from 10 to 15% of potential yield for every degree increase in temperature beyond the optimum temperature range. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the plant trait expression can be predicted accurately for the assumed change in climate on the basis of mean temperature, daylength, duration of bright sunshine, incident solar radiation, relative humidity, wind velocity, and potential evaporation. Mitigation of heat stress by irrigation and application of additional nitrogen to the crop resulted in sustaining the potential yield (up to 80%). ICC 14346 showed high tolerance to heat stress and could be used as a parent in crop improvement research. ICC 5597, ICC 5829, ICC 6121, ICC 7410, ICC 11916, ICC 13124, ICC 14284, ICC 14368, and ICC 14653 were heat stress tolerant, responsive to irrigation and nitrogen management, and consistently high yielding (>1400 kg ha−1) compared with the control ICCV 92944 (1333 kg ha−1).
ABSTRACT
Sweet sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is an important food, feed, and biofuel crop worldwide. Its stalks are rich in sugar, largely influenced by environments and crop stage when the ...stalks are harvested. This study evaluated sorghum mini core collection for stalk sugar content on the basis of Brix, phenology, and agronomic traits. Accessions were first classified into five groups based on flowering to match crop phenology, which together with controls were separately grown in split‐plot design in vertisol under irrigated and drought stress conditions for two postrainy seasons. The main and interaction effects were significant for most of the traits. Drought stress significantly increased the mean Brix (12.11 to 26.76%) in four of the five groups of accessions. The mean Brix increased under drought in 169 accessions, decreased in one accession, while the remaining accessions were not affected. IS 13294, 13549, 23216, 23684, 24139, 24939, and 24953 significantly recorded greater mean Brix (14.0 to 15.2%) as compared with best control, IS 33844 (12.4%), across environments. However, these accessions had lower yields and lower 100‐seed weight. In contrast, IS 1004, 4698, 23891, and 28141 significantly outyielded IS 33844 by 11.7 to 22.7% and had almost the same Brix content (∼13%). A hierarchical tree diagram grouped these accessions into two distinct clusters: accessions with significantly greater Brix but lower yield and those with high yield but with Brix similar to IS 33844. The grouping also separated accessions largely on the basis of geographic regions and racial classification. The identified accessions are ideal resources for the development of cultivars with bioenergy traits.
The world has seen tremendous changes in manufacturing, since its first industrial revolution to the current era of Industry 4.0. In the past few years, numerous advanced manufacturing models have ...been introduced by researchers and the same was implemented by companies. Similarly, in this domain, a new concept of inclusive manufacturing (IM) has been coined by Inclusive Manufacturing Forum for inclusive growth of manufacturing sector. In this work, a conceptual model of inclusive manufacturing system (IMS) is proposed along with a framework and flow chart. The IM is a composition of various policies and standards for resolving societal issues, environmental degradation and economic difficulties along with the integration of advanced manufacturing models and emerging technologies, like information and communication technologies, cyber-physical system, Internet of Things and Semantic Web. The vision of the proposed concept is to achieve the target of minimum time to market, high quality, low cost, better service, clean environment, flexible and precise information sharing. In this work, IMS has been conceptualised, along with visualisation of its practical implication by considering numerous emerging and supportive technologies, for achieving the goal of better collaboration among micro, small and medium enterprises.
ABSTRACT
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding programs with a goal of rapid cultivar development have used mainly elite breeding lines and cultivars, which has resulted in the development of ...breeding materials with a narrow genetic base. Utilization of exotic germplasm resources in breeding programs is needed to enhance the diversity of cultivars. Scientific plant breeding and its need for large variability, concern about potential loss of variability, and nonavailability of low cost tools to identify similarities or differences among accessions led genebanks to hold large germplasm collections. Core collections, generally contain about 10% of total accessions, represent the genetic variability of entire germplasm collection, and have been suggested as a way to enhance use of genetic resources in crop improvement. The objective of this study was to develop a peanut mini core subset. The peanut core subset was evaluated for morphological, agronomic, and quality traits in the rainy and postrainy seasons. Ward's method of clustering was used to separate core collection accessions into groups of similar accessions. A mini core subset consisting of 184 accessions was selected. Newman Keuls' test for means, Levene's test for variances, and chi‐square test for frequency distribution analysis for different traits indicated that the variation available in the core collection has been preserved in the mini core subset. This mini core subset will enhance exploitation of peanut genetic resources.
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