We proposed multiple-trait random regression models (MTRRM) combining different functions to describe milk yield (MY) and fat (FP) and protein (PP) percentage in dairy goat genetic evaluation by ...using Bayesian inference. A total of 3,856 MY, FP, and PP test-day records, measured between 2000 and 2014, from 535 first lactations of Saanen and Alpine goats, including their cross, were used in this study. The initial analyses were performed using the following single-trait random regression models (STRRM): third- and fifth-order Legendre polynomials (Leg3 and Leg5), linear B-splines with 3 and 5 knots, the Ali and Schaeffer function (Ali), and Wilmink function. Heterogeneity of residual variances was modeled considering 3 classes. After the selection of the best STRRM to describe each trait on the basis of the deviance information criterion (DIC) and posterior model probabilities (PMP), the functions were combined to compose the MTRRM. All combined MTRRM presented lower DIC values and higher PMP, showing the superiority of these models when compared to other MTRRM based only on the same function assumed for all traits. Among the combined MTRRM, those considering Ali to describe MY and PP and Leg5 to describe FP (Ali_Leg5_Ali model) presented the best fit. From the Ali_Leg5_Ali model, heritability estimates over time for MY, FP. and PP ranged from 0.25 to 0.54, 0.27 to 0.48, and 0.35 to 0.51, respectively. Genetic correlation between MY and FP, MY and PP, and FP and PP ranged from -0.58 to 0.03, -0.46 to 0.12, and 0.37 to 0.64, respectively. We concluded that combining different functions under a MTRRM approach can be a plausible alternative for joint genetic evaluation of milk yield and milk constituents in goats.
In the present work, a fast acid digestion method was applied to the determination of cadmium in urine samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS). The pyrolysis and atomization ...temperatures were 400 and 1200
°C with a characteristic mass of 1.3
pg. Quantification was made with matrix matching calibration curves. The method was validated by the analysis of certified urine samples. Differences were not observed among the levels of the metal in populations from metropolitan and rural areas. The limit of detection (LOD,
k=3,
n=10) was 0.08
μg
l
−1. Coefficients of variation for intra- and interassay studies were 5.5 and 12.7%, respectively. Recovery of spiked samples showed acceptable values. Significant correlation was observed among sex, with higher values for women. Age also showed an influence on urinary Cd levels, being higher for individuals over 46 years. No correlation was found between either tabagism or alcoholic beverage intake and of urinary cadmium levels.
The present study is pioneer in analyzing the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Turnera subulata Sm. and evaluates their antibacterial activity against a panel of ...drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The aerial parts were kiln-dried and then powdered in mechanical mill, and was subjected to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The components were analyzed using a mass spectrometrycoupled gas chromatography (GC-MS), and the identification of substances was performed by comparison of the mass spectra obtained with the mass spectra of the database of the GC-MS and retention indices . The essential oil was evaluated using the method of broth dilution at concentrations ranging from 3.125µg/mL to 3200µg/mL. It was possible to identify 45 substances (92.1%) of the essential oils, and the major components were trans-caryophyllene (6.7%), citronellol (5.6%), sphatulenol (5.3%), α-cadinol (4.3%), n-tricosano (4.3%), geraniol (4.1%) and trans-geranilacetone (3.7%), n-pentacosano (3.5%), globulol (3.4%), caryophyllene oxide (3.2%). The essential oil of T. subulata Sm. showed effective antibacterial activity for the various strains of S. aureus tested, with the MIC values between 25 µg/mL and 1600 µg/mL. The study of the essential oil of Turnera subulata Sm. showed that it consists of a complex mixture of several classes of compounds having the sesquiterpenes as major constituents followed by monoterpenes, and showed an antibacterial activity significant front the strains tested.
O presente estudo é pioneiro em analisar a composição química dos óleos essenciais das partes aéreas de Turnera subulata Sm. e sua atividade antibacteriana frente à Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a antibióticos. As partes aéreas da planta foram secas em estufa, pulverizadas em moinho mecânico e submetidas à hidrodestilaçao em aparato tipo Clevenger. A composição dos óleos essenciais foi analisada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG-EM), e a identificação realizada por comparação dos espectros de massas com a biblioteca do CG-EM e índices de retenção. A atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial foi avaliada usando o método de diluição em caldo, em concentrações que variaram de 3.125µg/mL to 3200µg/mL. Foi possível identificar 45 substâncias (92,1%) do óleo essencial, sendo os componentes majoritários: trans-cariofileno (6,7%), citronelol (5,6%), espatulenol (5,3%), α-cadinol (4,3%), n-tricosano (4,3%), geraniol (4,1%) e trans-geranilacetona (3,7%), n-pentacosano (3,5%), globulol (3,4%) e óxido de cariofileno (3,2%). O óleo essencial de T. subulata Sm. mostrou atividade antibacteriana eficaz para as várias cepas de S. aureus testadas, com valores de CIM entre 25 µg/mL e 1600 µg/mL. O estudo do óleo essencial de Turnera subulata Sm. evidenciou sua complexa mistura, contendo várias classes de substâncias, tendo os sesquiterpenos como constituintes majoritários seguido dos monoterpenos, e mostrou significativa atividade antibacteriana frente as cepas testadas.
Objetivou-se avaliar as características cinemáticas de potros nos saltos em liberdade, com sucesso ou insucesso. Foram avaliados 108 potros Brasileiro de Hipismo em cinco saltos, em liberdade, no ...obstáculo vertical com altura de 0,60 m aos 22-25 meses de idade; 0,80 m aos 29-32 meses de idade e 1,05 m aos 36-39 meses de idade. Foram filmados e avaliados 1.348 saltos, sendo 1.067 saltos com sucesso (79,1 %) e 281 saltos com insucesso (20,9 %) (P
Abstract This study compares muscle fiber conduction velocities estimated using surface electromyography during isometric maximal voluntary contraction in different stages of diabetic neuropathy. ...Eighty-five adults were studied: 16 non-diabetic individuals and 69 diabetic patients classified into four neuropathy stages, defined by a fuzzy expert system: absent ( n = 26), mild ( n = 21), moderate ( n = 11) and severe ( n = 11). Average muscle fiber conduction velocities of gastrocnemius medialis, tibialis anterior, vastus lateralis and biceps femoris were assessed using linear array electrodes, and were compared by ANOVA. Conduction velocities were significantly decreased in the moderate neuropathy group for the vastus lateralis compared to other groups (from 18% to 21% decrease), and were also decreased in all diabetic groups for the tibialis anterior (from 15% to 20% from control group). Not only the distal anatomical localization of the muscle affects the conduction velocity, but also the proportion of muscle fiber type, where the tibialis anterior with greater type I fiber proportion is affected earlier while the vastus lateralis with greater type II fiber proportion is affected in later stages of the disease. Generally, the muscles of the lower limb have different responsiveness to the effects of diabetes mellitus and show a reduction in the conduction velocity as neuropathy progresses.
Changes in temperature and precipitation intensity and frequency have influenced the water demand for irrigation. Regions that have agriculture-based economies, as in the Ijui River basin (Brazil), ...are often affected by periods of drought or excessive rainfall, which is harmful for agricultural productivity. This study aimed to evaluate future irrigation water demands of four crops in this basin (bean, corn, wheat and soybean), comparing them with a baseline period. Meteorological data forecasts were obtained from the regional climate model ETA 40 CTRL for the climatic scenario A1B, for the baseline (1961-1990) and future (2011-2100) periods. The one-dimensional SWAP model was used to estimate the water demand for irrigation. The results showed that, in the future, irrigation water requirements will be smaller for all crops. In the short term (2011-2040), water demands were similar to those for the baseline period, but from the middle of the century onwards (2041-2100), greater reductions were observed.
Studies of telomere structure and maintenance in trypanosomatids have provided insights into the evolutionary origin and conservation of some telomeric components shared by trypanosomes and ...vertebrates. For example, trypanosomatid telomeres are maintained by telomerase and consist of the canonical TTAGGG repeats, which in Trypanosoma brucei can form telomeric loops ( t -loops). However, the telomeric chromatin of trypanosomatids is composed of organism-specific proteins and other proteins that share little sequence similarity with their vertebrate counterparts. Because telomere maintenance mechanisms are essential for genome stability, we propose that the particular features shown by the trypanosome telomeric chromatin hold the key for the design of antiparasitic drugs.
The five volume set LNCS 7663, LNCS 7664, LNCS 7665, LNCS 7666 and LNCS 7667 constitutes the proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, ICONIP 2012, held in ...Doha, Qatar, in November 2012. The 423 regular session papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. These papers cover all major topics of theoretical research, empirical study and applications of neural information processing research. The 5 volumes represent 5 topical sections containing articles on theoretical analysis, neural modeling, algorithms, applications, as well as simulation and synthesis.
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by germline mutations in the
gene. Guidelines recommend pheochromocytoma (PHEO) biochemical screening should start at age 5 ...years.
Genotype-phenotype correlations in VHL, focusing on PHEO penetrance in children, were studied.
We retrospectively evaluated 31 individuals (median age at diagnosis was 26 years) with diagnosed VHL disease.
PHEO was diagnosed in six children with VHL. A large PHEO (5 cm) was detected in a 4-year-old boy with p.Gly114Ser mutation. PHEO penetrance was 55% starting at age 4 years.
missense mutations were identified in 11 of 22 families (50%), frameshift mutations in four (18.2%), stop codon in three (13.6%), splicing site in two (9.1%), and large gene deletion in two (9.1%). The codon 167 (n = 10) was a hotspot for
mutations and was significantly associated with PHEO (90%
38%;
= 0.007). PHEOs and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) were strongly associated with
missense mutations compared with other mutations (89.5%
0% and 73.7%
16.7%;
= 0.0001 and 0.002, respectively). In contrast, pancreatic cysts (91.7%
26.3%;
= 0.0001), renal cysts (66.7%
26.3%;
= 0.027), and central nervous system hemangioblastomas (91.7%
47.3%;
= 0.012) were more frequent in VHL with nonmissense mutations.
missense mutations were highly associated with PHEO and PNETs. Our data support that in children with VHL harboring missense mutations, biochemical screening for PHEO should be initiated at diagnosis.
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