Professional development is essential to the success of beginning teachers to implement guided reading effectively. Research findings indicate that guided reading is a complex framework to implement ...with fidelity, and beginning teachers will need multiple systems of support to be effective with connecting literacy instruction. The exploratory qualitative case study encompassed five beginning primary teachers with less than five years of experience. Through semi-structured interview questions and two questionnaires, data were gathered centered around teacher’s perceptions of how professional development supports literacy instruction. Then, the Expectancy Value Theory and the Zone of Proximal Development were used to help frame the data to support future recommendations. The problem addressed in this study was beginning teachers are not receiving the professional development necessary for them to consistently implement guided reading, thereby reducing the effectiveness of literacy. The purpose of the qualitative case study was to explore the perceptions of beginning primary teachers regarding how structured professional development may have improved their ability to plan for and implement guided reading and thus increasing the effectiveness of their literacy instruction. Three research questions were posed to gather information, and then analysis was generated to determine recommendations and future research suggestions. Participants revealed that professional development supported the effective implementation of guided reading and increased their efficacy; however, additional supports were needed to strengthen their ability to plan with fidelity. Future research should include mixed methodology to incorporate surveys and observational data to disaggregate which guided reading components need additional supports within professional development.
Hurricanes can cause immediate catastrophic destruction of marsh vegetation and erosion of soils; however, they also have long-lasting ecological impacts. Those impacts include the deposition of ...tremendous amounts of saltmarsh litter ('wrack') onto upland ecosystems, the hydrologic effects of which have not previously been investigated. When Hurricane Irma battered the southeastern US coastline, widespread wrack deposition was reported (often exceeding 0.5 m depth), especially in vulnerable coastal hammock ecosystems: locally-elevated forests within the saltmarshes that rely on freshwater inputs from rain. We report the impacts of this deposited wrack, which has persisted for 2 years, on effective precipitation inputs to coastal hammock soils. At a coastal hammock site, wrack deposits of 22-38 cm depth were estimated to store 10.2-19.9 mm of rain, reducing net rainfall to the surface by 66% over the study period (Oct 2018-Jun 2019). Three months of calibration data collected from wrack lysimeters in the field supported this interception estimate, as only 49 mm of the total 170 mm (29%) of rain that fell on the wrack was transmitted through to the soil surface. These litter interception effects on precipitation inputs far exceed those that have been described in other ecosystems and we hypothesized that they alter the growing conditions of these precipitation-dependent trees. The marshgrass (Spartina alterniflora), from which the wrack that was studied originates, is a globally abundant native and often invasive plant; thus, understanding the duration and extent of those effects on ecohydrological processes may be crucial to managing and conserving these ecosystems, especially given rising sea levels and changing hurricane regimes.
Background: In response to Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infections (CDI), infection prevention and control practices in hospital settings tend to focus on symptomatic patients, potentially ...neglecting other sources of C. difficile. The purpose of the study was to identify epidemiological connections between C. difficile positive patients to explore the possibility of transmission occurring. This would allow an assessment of IPAC practices to ensure resources were being optimized and targeted to the most appropriate strategies to prevent transmission.
Methods: C. difficile was isolated and characterized from 125 patient stool specimens. Isolates were subjected to toxin profiling and ribotyping. Patient locations in the
hospital were mapped and epidemiological connections between patients with the same C. difficile ribotype were assessed.
Results: A total of 47 distinct ribotypes were identified, with the most common being ribotype 027/NAP1. Of the 41 cases identified as hospital-associated, only four
(9.8%) of the cases could be epidemiologically linked to another patient with known CDI.
Conclusions: A small minority of hospital-associated infections were found to have an epidemiological link to another known case of CDI suggesting transmission from
known cases is rare. This suggested that current IPAC practices were effective in preventing transmission from symptomatic patients, but other sources of C. difficile are
potentially unrecognized.
Summary Survivors of childhood cancer treated with anthracycline chemotherapy or chest radiation are at an increased risk of developing congestive heart failure. In this population, congestive heart ...failure is well recognised as a progressive disorder, with a variable period of asymptomatic cardiomyopathy that precedes signs and symptoms. As a result, several clinical practice guidelines have been developed independently to help with detection and treatment of asymptomatic cardiomyopathy. These guidelines differ with regards to definitions of at-risk populations, surveillance modality and frequency, and recommendations for interventions. Differences between these guidelines could hinder the effective implementation of these recommendations. We report on the results of an international collaboration to harmonise existing cardiomyopathy surveillance recommendations using an evidence-based approach that relied on standardised definitions for outcomes of interest and transparent presentation of the quality of the evidence. The resultant recommendations were graded according to the quality of the evidence and the potential benefit gained from early detection and intervention.
Abstract
The mammalian mitochondrial proteome is under dual genomic control, with 99% of proteins encoded by the nuclear genome and 13 originating from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We previously ...developed MitoCarta, a catalogue of over 1000 genes encoding the mammalian mitochondrial proteome. This catalogue was compiled using a Bayesian integration of multiple sequence features and experimental datasets, notably protein mass spectrometry of mitochondria isolated from fourteen murine tissues. Here, we introduce MitoCarta3.0. Beginning with the MitoCarta2.0 inventory, we performed manual review to remove 100 genes and introduce 78 additional genes, arriving at an updated inventory of 1136 human genes. We now include manually curated annotations of sub-mitochondrial localization (matrix, inner membrane, intermembrane space, outer membrane) as well as assignment to 149 hierarchical ‘MitoPathways’ spanning seven broad functional categories relevant to mitochondria. MitoCarta3.0, including sub-mitochondrial localization and MitoPathway annotations, is freely available at http://www.broadinstitute.org/mitocarta and should serve as a continued community resource for mitochondrial biology and medicine.
Overweight/obesity is a well-defined risk factor for a variety of chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Sleep duration has been associated with overweight/obesity and other cardio metabolic ...and neurocognitive problems. Notably, overweight/obesity and many of the associated comorbidities are prevalent in Indigenous Australians. Generally, sleep duration has been associated with BMI for Australian adults but information about Australian Indigenous adults' sleep is scant. A recent report established that sleep is a weak predictor of obesity for Indigenous Australian adults.
To determine whether sleep remains a predictor of obesity when physical activity, diet and smoking status are accounted for; and to determine whether sleep duration plays a mediating role in the relationship between Indigenous status and BMI.
Statistical analyses of 5,886 Australian adults: 5236 non-Indigenous and 650 Indigenous people aged over 18 years who participated in the Australian Health Survey 2011-2013. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were described by χ2 and t-tests. ANOVA was used to determine the variables that significantly predicted BMI and sleep duration. Stepwise regression analyses were performed to determine the strongest significant predictors of BMI. Sleep duration was self-reported; BMI was calculated from measurement.
The study revealed two main findings: (i) short sleep duration was an independent predictor of obesity (adjusted-R2 = 0.056, p <0.0001); and (ii) controlling for sleep duration and other possible confounders, Indigenous status was a significant predictor of BMI overweight/obesity. Sleep duration played a weak, partial mediator role in this relationship. Increased BMI was associated with lower socioeconomic status and level of disadvantage of household locality for non-remote Indigenous and non-Indigenous people.
Indigenous status strongly predicted increased BMI. The effect was not mediated by the socioeconomic indicators but was partially mediated by sleep duration.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Many childhood cancer survivors carry a significant risk for late morbidity and mortality, a consequence of the numerous therapeutic exposures that contribute to their cure. Focused surveillance for ...late therapy-related complications provides opportunities for early detection and implementation of health-preserving interventions. The substantial body of research that links therapeutic exposures used during treatment of childhood cancer to adverse outcomes among survivors enables the characterization of groups at the highest risk for developing complications related to specific therapies; however, methods available to optimize screening strategies to detect these therapy-related complications are limited. Moreover, the feasibility of conducting clinical trials to test screening recommendations for childhood cancer survivors is limited by requirements for large sample sizes, lengthy study periods, prohibitive costs, and ethical concerns. In addition, the harms of screening should be considered, including overdiagnosis and psychological distress. Experts in several countries have developed guideline recommendations for late effects surveillance and have collaborated to harmonize these recommendations internationally to enhance long-term follow-up care and quality of life for childhood cancer survivors. Methods used in these international efforts include systematic literature searches, development of evidence-based summaries, rigorous evaluation of the evidence, and formulation of consensus-based surveillance recommendations for each late complication. Alternate methods to refine recommendations, such as cumulative burden assessment and risk prediction and cost-effectiveness modeling, may provide novel approaches to guide survivorship care in this vulnerable population and, thus, represents a worthy objective for future international survivorship collaborations.
Radiocarbon dating of the earliest occupational phases at the Cooper's Ferry site in western Idaho indicates that people repeatedly occupied the Columbia River basin, starting between 16,560 and ...15,280 calibrated years before the present (cal yr B.P.). Artifacts from these early occupations indicate the use of unfluted stemmed projectile point technologies before the appearance of the Clovis Paleoindian tradition and support early cultural connections with northeastern Asian Upper Paleolithic archaeological traditions. The Cooper's Ferry site was initially occupied during a time that predates the opening of an ice-free corridor (≤14,800 cal yr B.P.), which supports the hypothesis that initial human migration into the Americas occurred via a Pacific coastal route.
Mitochondrial disorders represent a large collection of rare syndromes that are difficult to manage both because we do not fully understand biochemical pathogenesis and because we currently lack ...facile markers of severity. The m.3243A>G variant is the most common heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutation and underlies a spectrum of diseases, notably mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). To identify robust circulating markers of m.3243A>G disease, we first performed discovery proteomics, targeted metabolomics, and untargeted metabolomics on plasma from a deeply phenotyped cohort (102 patients, 32 controls). In a validation phase, we measured concentrations of prioritized metabolites in an independent cohort using distinct methods. We validated 20 analytes (1 protein, 19 metabolites) that distinguish patients with MELAS from controls. The collection includes classic (lactate, alanine) and more recently identified (GDF-15, α-hydroxybutyrate) mitochondrial markers. By mining untargeted mass-spectra we uncovered 3 less well-studied metabolite families: N-lactoyl-amino acids, β-hydroxy acylcarnitines, and β-hydroxy fatty acids. Many of these 20 analytes correlate strongly with established measures of severity, including Karnofsky status, and mechanistically, nearly all markers are attributable to an elevated NADH/NAD+ ratio, or NADH-reductive stress. Our work defines a panel of organelle function tests related to NADH-reductive stress that should enable classification and monitoring of mitochondrial disease.
Aim
Associations between sleep duration and obesity and between obesity and chronic illness are established. Current rates of obesity for all Australian people are rising. Recent reports indicate ...that high body mass index (BMI) is a leading contributor to overall burden of disease for Indigenous Australians. Understanding the factors that contribute to higher rates of obesity in Indigenous people is critical to developing effective interventions for reducing morbidity and premature mortality in this population. To explore the effect of sleep duration on the relationship between Indigenous status and BMI in Australian children.
Methods
716 non‐Indigenous and 186 Indigenous children aged 5–12 years in the Australian Health Survey 2011–2013. Primary carers were interviewed regarding children's sleep times; BMI was derived from measurement.
Results
Analysis of covariance revealed that regardless of a number of demographic and socio‐economic status markers, sleep duration and Indigenous status were independent predictors of BMI. However when both predictors were considered together, only sleep duration remained predictive of BMI.
Conclusions
Sleep duration plays an important mediating role in the relationship between Indigenous status and BMI in this Australian sample. Modification of sleep duration for Indigenous children may lead to longer‐term positive health outcomes.
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