In this study, we screened sixty medicinal plant species from the
Brazilian savanna ("cerrado") that could contain useful compounds for
the control of tropical diseases. The plant selection was based ...on
existing ethnobotanic information and interviews with local healers.
Plant extracts were screened for: (a) molluscicidal activity against
Biomphalaria glabrata , (b) toxicity to brine shrimp ( Artemia salina
L.), (c) antifungal activity in the bioautographic assay with
Cladosporium sphaerospermum and (d) antibacterial activity in the agar
diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli ,
Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Forty-two species afforded
extracts that showed some degree of activity in one or more of these
bioassays.
A fraction obtained from the culture fluids of
Pycnoporus sanguineus fungus was shown to contain a compound with biological activity against strains of
Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, ...Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and members of the genus
Streptococcus. The fraction was clearly more active on Gram-positive cocci than on Gram-negative bacilli.
Three sterols, 5α-ergost-7-en-3β-ol, 5α-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol and 5,8-epidioxy-5α,8α-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol and five triterpenes, applanoxidic acids A, C, F, G and H, have been isolated from
...Ganoderma annulare. The applanoxidic acids A, C and F were found to inhibit the growth of the fungi
Microsporum cannis and
Trichophyton mentagrophytes at concentrations of 500 to 1000 μg/ml.
Sense of time is a complex construct, and its neural correlates remain to date in most part unknown. To complicate the frame, physical attributes of the stimulus, such as its intensity or movement, ...influence temporal perception. Although previous studies have shown that time perception can be compromised after a brain lesion, the evidence on the role of the left and right hemispheres are meager. In two experiments, the study explores the ability of temporal estimation of multi-second actions and non-biological movements in 33 patients suffering from unilateral brain lesion. Furthermore, the modulatory role of induced embodiment processes is investigated. The results reveal a joint contribution of the two hemispheres depending not only on different durations but also on the presence of actions. Indeed, the left hemisphere damaged patients find it difficult to estimate 4500 ms or longer durations, while the right hemisphere damaged patients fail in 3000 ms durations. Furthermore, the former fail when a biological action is shown, while the latter fail in non-biological movement. Embodiment processes have a modulatory effect only after right hemisphere lesions. Among neuropsychological variables, only spatial neglect influences estimation of non-biological movement.
Survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis (CF) chronic infections is based on a genetic adaptation process consisting of mutations in specific genes, which can produce advantageous ...phenotypic switches and ensure its persistence in the lung. Among these, mutations inactivating the regulators MucA (alginate biosynthesis), LasR (quorum sensing) and MexZ (multidrug-efflux pump MexXY) are the most frequently observed, with those inactivating the DNA mismatch repair system (MRS) being also highly prevalent in P. aeruginosa CF isolates, leading to hypermutator phenotypes that could contribute to this adaptive mutagenesis by virtue of an increased mutation rate. Here, we characterized the mutations found in the mucA, lasR, mexZ and MRS genes in P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from Argentinean CF patients, and analyzed the potential association of mucA, lasR and mexZ mutagenesis with MRS-deficiency and antibiotic resistance. Thus, 38 isolates from 26 chronically infected CF patients were characterized for their phenotypic traits, PFGE genotypic patterns, mutations in the mucA, lasR, mexZ, mutS and mutL gene coding sequences and antibiotic resistance profiles. The most frequently mutated gene was mexZ (79%), followed by mucA (63%) and lasR (39%) as well as a high prevalence (42%) of hypermutators being observed due to loss-of-function mutations in mutL (60%) followed by mutS (40%). Interestingly, mutational spectra were particular to each gene, suggesting that several mechanisms are responsible for mutations during chronic infection. However, no link could be established between hypermutability and mutagenesis in mucA, lasR and mexZ, indicating that MRS-deficiency was not involved in the acquisition of these mutations. Finally, although inactivation of mucA, lasR and mexZ has been previously shown to confer resistance/tolerance to antibiotics, only mutations in MRS genes could be related to an antibiotic resistance increase. These results help to unravel the mutational dynamics that lead to the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to the CF lung.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In everyday life, the successful monitoring of behavior requires continuous updating of the effectiveness of motor acts; one crucial step is becoming aware of the movements one is performing. We ...studied the anatomical distribution of lesions in right-brain-damaged hemiplegic patients, who obstinately denied their motor impairment, claiming that they could move their paralyzed limbs. Denial was associated with lesions in areas related to the programming of motor acts, particularly Brodmann's premotor areas 6 and 44, motor area 4, and the somatosensory cortex. This association suggests that monitoring systems may be implemented within the same cortical network that is responsible for the primary function that has to be monitored.
El presente escrito se propone avanzar sobre algunas de las ideas que suscita la película, Brexit: The Uncivil War (Haynes, 2019) que recoge los hechos de la historia reciente del referéndum del 2016 ...que signó el divorcio de Gran Bretaña con la Unión Europea, proponiendo una lectura desde tres aspectos: la fórmula de una guerra incivil, subtítulo del film, el slogan utilizado de toma el control y los algoritmos como aparato de predicción del goce. A partir de ello, la pregunta desde el psiconálisis por lo imposible de calcular, por el dato contingente que lleva consigo la experiencia humana. Cómo sostener un lazo que reconozca lo singular en lo colectivo, el principio de la autoría, la autorización en el decir, en el deseo, en la elección.
To identify the anatomical landmarks of tibial motor nerve branches to the gastrocnemii, soleus and tibialis posterior muscles for selective motor nerve blocks in the management of spastic ...equinovarus foot.
Observational study.
Twenty-five chronic stroke patients with spastic equinovarus foot.
Motor nerve branches to the gastrocnemii, soleus and tibialis posterior muscles were tracked in the affected leg, using ultrasonography, and located in the space (vertical, horizontal and deep) according to the position of the fibular head (proximal/distal) and a virtual line from the middle of the popliteal fossa to the Achilles tendon insertion (medial/lateral).
Mean coordinates for the gastrocnemius medialis motor branch were: 1.5 cm (standard deviation (SD) 2.7) vertical (proximal), 1.7 cm (SD 1.3) horizontal (medial), 1.1 cm (SD 0.4) deep; for the gastrocnemius lateralis motor branch: 0.9 cm (SD 2.2) vertical (proximal), 1.8 cm (SD 1.7) horizontal (lateral), 1.0 cm (SD 0.3) deep; for the soleus motor branch: 1.4 cm (SD 1.1) vertical (distal), 1.6 cm (SD 0.7) horizontal (lateral), 2.8 cm (SD 0.7) deep; and for the tibialis posterior motor branch: 4.3 cm (SD 1.5) vertical (distal), 1.9 cm (SD 0.9) horizontal (lateral), 4.2 cm (SD 0.8) deep.
These findings may help in the identification of tibial motor nerve branches to the gastrocnemii, soleus and tibialis posterior muscles for selective motor nerve blocks in the management of spastic equinovarus foot.
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