In this study, we screened sixty medicinal plant species from the
Brazilian savanna ("cerrado") that could contain useful compounds for
the control of tropical diseases. The plant selection was based ...on
existing ethnobotanic information and interviews with local healers.
Plant extracts were screened for: (a) molluscicidal activity against
Biomphalaria glabrata , (b) toxicity to brine shrimp ( Artemia salina
L.), (c) antifungal activity in the bioautographic assay with
Cladosporium sphaerospermum and (d) antibacterial activity in the agar
diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli ,
Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Forty-two species afforded
extracts that showed some degree of activity in one or more of these
bioassays.
The antibacterial activity of thirty-one chalones is described. Some of the tested compounds showed fair to significant activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
The antibacterial activity of 31 ...chalcones was tested against bacterial strains,
Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778,
Escherichia coli ATCC 25922,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Some of the tested chalcones showed fair to significant activity against Gram-positive bacteria. By comparison of the results obtained, the antibacterial activity can be related to features such as the presence of a C-4 hydroxyl group, a C-4′ oxygenated substituent or a C-3′ isoprenoid side chain, while the C-2′ hydroxyl group might have importance for the stability of the molecule. The inhibitory effect of chalcones on human pathogenic microorganisms can be correlated with the substitution patterns of the aromatics rings.
A mixture of flavalignan cinchonains Ia and Ib was isolated from the bark of Trichilia catigua. The structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data of the natural products and their ...methylated derivatives including 2D NMR experiments, and compared with data in the literature. These flavalignans exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
Rosemary leaf extracts were obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and Soxhlet extraction. Their chemical compositions were evaluated by GC-MS. The extracts were analyzed for compounds ...reported in the literature as showing antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The rosemary extracts were tested with regard to antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging and total phenolic content - Folin-Denis reagent), antibacterial (Gram-positive bacteria - Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 - and Gram-negative bacteria - Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and antifungal (Candida albicans) activities. Antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the SFE extracts were confirmed.
Basidiomycete fungi of the Polyporus genus are a source of secondary metabolites which are of medicinal interest as antibacterial compounds. As these substances are produced in a small amount by the ...fungi, the study of the cultivation conditions in vitro that could possibly optimize their production seems of major importance. The effects of glucose and lactose, pH and agitation on biomass concentration and on the specific growth rate caused by the basidiomycete Polyporus tricholoma were investigated. The initial pH (4.5, 6.5 and 8.5) was autoregulated at pH 5.5, and the agitation increased the mycelial growth and the specific growth rate. The high concentration of carbon sources (4%) increased biomass production. The lactose concentration and the absence of agitation were determinant in the production of antibacterial metabolites. The characterization of the antibacterial substance by GC-MS indicated a major compound, isodrimenediol, produced by the fungus Polyporus tricholoma with activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
The basidiomycete Antrodia albida was grown in different culture media to study the production of biomass and its active substances. A progressive increase in fungal biomass throughout the 30-day ...incubation period was observed. The extracts showed discrete antibacterial activity, and the chemical analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry revealed a total of 17 substances in the fungal extracts, including sugars and furanones.
Introdução: A comunidade lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais e suas particularidades associadas à saúde foram ignoradas por muitos anos. Embora a homossexualidade e a transexualidade ...não sejam mais consideradas doenças, ainda prevalece marginalização de muitas pessoas lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais a nível sócio-econômico-cultural e de acesso aos serviços de saúde. No que tange ao acesso à saúde, o primeiro contato do paciente Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais dentro do sistema de saúde pode ser através do médico de família e comunidade. Objetivo: Analisar as experiências dos médicos de família e comunidade no atendimento às pessoas lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais na atenção básica da rede municipal de saúde em uma cidade no Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Desenvolveram-se dois grupos focais (13 profissionais no total), um deles constituído de seis médicos de família e comunidade autodeclarados heterossexuais e cisgêneros e outro grupo constituído de sete médicos de família e comunidade autodeclarados lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais, em julho de 2019. Resultados: Os participantes consideraram importante a temática da saúde lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais na atenção primária, embora ela tenha sido pouco explorada nos seus cursos de graduação. Relataram que as principais demandas dos pacientes lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais são as de saúde mental, violência e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Apontaram que possuem dificuldades em abordar questões que envolvem sexualidade e identidade de gênero em suas consultas. Conclusões: Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de os médicos de família e comunidade conhecerem especificidades da população lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais. Sugere-se que a temática da saúde da população lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais seja mais ensinada nos cursos de graduação em Medicina.
Applanoxidic acids and sterols, isolated from Ganoderma spp., were acetylated and/or methylated. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the antifungal ...activity against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes of the derivatives were investigated by a microdilution method, and compared with those of the natural products. Both natural and modified compounds exhibited comparable antibacterial and antifungal activities in a range of 1.0 to > 2.0 mg/ml minimal inhibitory concentration
Basidiomycete fungi of the
Polyporus
genus are a source of secondary metabolites which are of medicinal interest as antibacterial compounds. As these substances are produced in a small amount by the ...fungi, the study of the cultivation conditions
in vitro
that could possibly optimize their production seems of major importance. The effects of glucose and lactose, pH and agitation on biomass concentration and on the specific growth rate caused by the basidiomycete
Polyporus tricholoma
were investigated. The initial pH (4.5, 6.5 and 8.5) was autoregulated at pH 5.5, and the agitation increased the mycelial growth and the specific growth rate. The high concentration of carbon sources (4%) increased biomass production. The lactose concentration and the absence of agitation were determinant in the production of antibacterial metabolites. The characterization of the antibacterial substance by GC-MS indicated a major compound, isodrimenediol, produced by the fungus
Polyporus tricholoma
with activity against
Staphylococcus aureus
.
In order to obtain new compounds with antibacterial activity, the derivatives 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid (orsellinic acid) and 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoates (orsellinates) were obtained ...through alcoholyses of lecanoric acid. All these substances were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by a microdilution method. Staphylococcus aureus, Xanthomonas campestris var. vesicatoria and Ralstonia solanacearum were most sensitive to n-propyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate, n-pentyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate and n-hexyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate with MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) values ranging from 62.5 to 7.8 µg×mL1. These results showed that homologation in carbon chain may lead to compounds with more pronunced activities.
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