A
bstract
Spatial separation of the wave packets (WPs) of neutrino mass eigenstates leads to decoherence and damping of neutrino oscillations. Damping can also be caused by finite energy resolution ...of neutrino detectors or, in the case of experiments with radioactive neutrino sources, by finite width of the emitted neutrino line. We study in detail these two types of damping effects using reactor neutrino experiments and experiments with radioactive
51
Cr source as examples. We demonstrate that the effects of decoherence by WP separation can always be incorporated into a modification of the energy resolution function of the detector and so are intimately entangled with it. We estimate for the first time the lengths
σ
x
of WPs of reactor neutrinos and neutrinos from a radioactive
51
Cr source. The obtained values,
σ
x
= (2 × 10
−
5
− 1
.
4 × 10
−
4
) cm, are at least six orders of magnitude larger than the currently available experimental lower bounds. We conclude that effects of decoherence by WP separation cannot be probed in reactor and radioactive source experiments.
A
bstract
The refraction index and matter potential depend on neutrino energy and this dependence has a resonance character associated to the production of the mediator in the
s−
channel. For light ...mediators and light particles of medium (background) the resonance can be realized at energies accessible to laboratory experiments. We study properties of the energy dependence of the potential for different C-asymmetries of background. Interplay of the background potential and the vacuum term leads to (i) bump in the oscillation probability in the resonance region, (ii) dip related to the MSW resonance in the background, (iii) substantial deviation of the effective ∆
m
2
above the resonance from the low energy value, etc. We considered generation of mixing in the background. Interactions with background shifts the energy of usual MSW resonance and produces new MSW resonances. Searches of the background effects allow us to put bounds on new interactions of neutrinos and properties of the background. We show that explanation of the MiniBooNE excess, as the bump due to resonance refraction, is excluded.
In recent years, the role of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) in cellular molecular processes has received increasing attention from researchers. One ...such intrinsically disordered protein is TSPYL5, considered both as a marker and a potential therapeutic target for various oncological diseases. However, the role of TSPYL5 in intracellular processes remains unknown, and there is no clarity even in its intracellular localization. In this study, we characterized the intracellular localization and exchange dynamics with intracellular contents of TSPYL5 and its parts, utilizing TSPYL5 fusion proteins with EGFP. Our findings reveal that TSPYL5 can be localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, including the nucleolus. The nuclear (nucleolar) localization of TSPYL5 is mediated by the nuclear/nucleolar localization sequences (NLS/NoLS) identified in the N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (4-27 aa), while its cytoplasmic localization is regulated by the ordered NAP-like domain (198-382 aa). Furthermore, our results underscore the significant role of the TSPYL5 N-terminal disordered region (1-198 aa) in the exchange dynamics with the nucleoplasm and its potential ability for phase separation. Bioinformatics analysis of the TSPYL5 interactome indicates its potential function as a histone and ribosomal protein chaperone. Taken together, these findings suggest a significant contribution of liquid-liquid phase separation to the processes involving TSPYL5, providing new insights into the role of this protein in the cell's molecular life.
PML bodies are subnuclear protein complexes that play a crucial role in various physiological and pathological cellular processes. One of the general structural proteins of PML bodies is a member of ...the tripartite motif (TRIM) family-promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). It is known that PML interacts with over a hundred partners, and the protein itself is represented by several major isoforms, differing in their variable and disordered C-terminal end due to alternative splicing. Despite nearly 30 years of research, the mechanisms underlying PML body formation and the role of PML proteins in this process remain largely unclear. In this review, we examine the literature and highlight recent progress in this field, with a particular focus on understanding the role of individual domains of the PML protein, its post-translational modifications, and polyvalent nonspecific interactions in the formation of PML bodies. Additionally, based on the available literature, we propose a new hypothetical model of PML body formation.
We consider a mechanism that causes a decrease in the attenuation of high energy gamma-ray flux from gamma ray burst GRB 221009A. The mechanism is based on the existence of a heavy m_{N}∼(0.1-1) MeV ...mostly sterile neutrino N which mixes with active neutrinos. N's are produced in the gamma-ray burst (GRB) in π and K decays via mixing with ν_{μ}. They undergo the radiative decay N→νγ on the way to Earth. The usual exponential attenuation of gamma rays is lifted to an attenuation inverse in the optical depth. Various restrictions on this scenario are discussed. We find that the high energy γ events at 18 TeV can be explained if (i) the GRB active neutrino fluence is close to the observed limit, (ii) the branching ratio of N→νγ is at least of the order 10%.
This paper presents the results of comprehensive geological and geochemical studies of sandstones from the Belaya basin of the Amur fragment of the Nora-Sukhotino terrane of the northeastern flank of ...South Mongolia-Khingan orogenic belt, as well as the results of isotopic (U-Th-Pb and Lu-Hf) studies of detrital zircons therefrom. The sandstones from the Belaya basin are characterized by significant variations in the composition of clastic material and major rock-forming elements, and by correspondence to arkoses and litharenites. They were accumulated due to erosion of geochemically mature felsic and intermediate igneous rocks. The sandstones are dominated by Ordovician, Cambrian, and Neoproterozoic zircons. The youngest zircons in sandstones from the Belaya basin are dated back to 451±8 Ma, with the lower age boundary set at the Late Ordovician. The Ordovician zircons, which have positive εHf(t) values and Early Paleozoic – Neoproterozoic Hf-model ages, could have been derived from island arc complexes. The Cambrian and Neoproterozoic zircon grains with positive εHf(t) values and Neo – Mesoproterozoic Hf-model ages could have been derived from Early Paleozoic and Neoproterozoic igneous rocks of the Bureya or Mamyn terranes. The available geological materials provide evidence that the sandstones from the Belaya basin are a fragment of the Early Paleozoic accretionary complex, which formed in the Early Paleozoic along the southeastern margin of the Mamyn (Xing’an) massif. However, a small amount of data on the Early Paleozoic and Neoproterozoic magmatism of the region hinders drawing more definite conclusions.
This publication presents new data on the chemical composition of rocks from the volcanogenic part of the Shirokopadinskaya Formation in the Bereya River basin of the Amur fragment of the ...northeastern flank of the South Mongolia–Khingan orogenic belt, (SMKhOB) as well as the results of geochronological (U–Th–Pb, LA–ICP– MS) and isotope (Lu–Hf) studies on zircons from crystal tuff. Metabasaltic andesites, their tuffs, and tuffites dominate among the volcanic and volcano-sedimentary rocks of the Shirokopadinskaya Formation. The geochemical features of the rocks and Hf-isotope composition of zircons from volcanic rocks indicate their suprasubduction origin. The concordant age of the youngest zircon population from crystal tuff is 589 ± 5 Ma (MSWD = 0.60, concordance probability = 0.90%), which corresponds to the Ediacaran. These zircons are characterized by well-preserved crystal faceting without traces of roundness. In our opinion, the age of the tuffs reflects the age of volcanism and the studied volcanic rocks. The data are rather unexpected, because the oldest rocks of the oceanic crust of the South Mongolia–Khingan orogenic belt are Ordovician in age. This means that the studied volcanic rocks are more than 100 million years older and cannot be a part of the South Mongolia–Khingan belt. The Ediacaran volcanic rocks are restricted to the boundary between the South Mongolia–Khingan orogenic belt and the Mamyn (Xing’an) terrane. They are a fragment of the Mamyn (Xing’an) terrane, which was tectonically placed into the present-day structure of the South Mongolia-Khingan orogenic belt. This conclusion is supported by the presence of rocks of similar age and geochemical composition in the Mamyn (Xing’an) terrane.
Quantum computing stands as a revolutionary frontier in information technology, with the potential to solve complex problems far beyond the capacity of classical computers. At the heart of this ...disruptive innovation are qubits, forming the fundamental backbone of quantum computing. A leading-edge solution for constructing robust, enduring qubits involves embedding a Josephson junction within a high Q-factor, superconducting three-dimensional cavity. Our recent innovation lies in developing a uniquely optimized, quarter-wave resonator-based superconducting cavity, functioning at 6 GHz, specifically tailored for quantum computers. In this work, we elucidate our advancement towards elevating the Q-factor tenfold, an achievement made possible through the enhancement of machining precision, the application of rigorous postprocessing techniques-including mechanical, chemical, and surface treatments-as well as the refinement of our testing methods.
Near-infrared absorption in transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) is usually caused by electronic intraband transition at high doping levels. Improved infrared transparency is commonly explained by ...enhanced drift mobility in these TCOs. Here, an alternative cause behind the high infrared transparency of La-doped barium stannate (LBSO) transparent electrodes is presented. Following the Drude model formalism, we reconstructed spectrally resolved dielectric permittivity for a set of thin films with different free electron concentrations. A comparison of optical properties of LBSO with the tin-doped indium oxide thin films with identical carrier concentrations suggests that the redshift of the screened plasma wavelength for LBSO originates from its large high-frequency dielectric constant of 4.4, one of the highest reported for the s-orbital-based TCOs. Moreover, our measurements confirm an optical mobility significantly higher (>300 cm2/V s) than the drift mobility, effectively suppressing the free carrier absorption. These factors enable high infrared transparency of LBSO films and motivate further exploration of LBSO as broadband TCOs for solar cells and nanophotonics.
X-ray transition radiation detectors (TRDs) are used for particle identification in both high energy physics and astroparticle physics. In most of the detectors, emission of the X-ray transition ...radiation (TR) starts at Lorentz factors above γ∼500 and reaches saturation at γ∼2÷3⋅103. However, many experiments require particle identification up to γ∼105, which is very difficult to achieve with conventional detectors. Semiconductor pixel detectors offer a unique opportunity for precise simultaneous measurements of spectral and angular parameters of TR photons. Test beam studies of the energy and the angular distributions of TR photons emitted by electrons and muons of different momenta crossing several types of radiators were performed at the CERN SPS with a 480 μm thick silicon detector bonded to a Timepix3 chip. High resolution images of the energy−angle phase space of the TR produced by different radiators were obtained and compared with MC simulations. The characteristic interference patterns are in agreement with the theoretical models with an unprecedented level of details. The studies presented in this paper also show that simultaneous measurements of both the energy and the emission angles of the TR X-rays could be used to enhance the particle identification performances of TRDs.
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