Edema affects outcomes in Rhinoplasty. Edema and bruising influences patient satisfaction in the perioperative period.
A qualitative analysis of edema comparing piezoelectric and conventional ...osteotome, and a qualitative comparison of bruising between these methods.
A prospective cohort study of 31 aesthetic Rhinoplasty cases. Participants act as their own control measure. An osteotome is used on one side of the nasal bone and a piezoelectric is used contralaterally.
Edema is calculated by comparing a pre and post-operative 3-D image with volumetric analysis. Ecchymosis is scored and compared.
The mean volume of the piezoelectric was 1.37 cc (SD 0.87) and the mean volume of the osteotome was 1.17 cc (SD 0.70) (0.19 absolute difference 95 % CI 0.3 to 0.35, p = 0.02). Bruising scores were 0.35 points lower for the piezoelectric arm (−0.35 absolute difference 95%CI -0.7 to 0.06, p < 0.01). This corresponded to 26 % of lateral piezo osteotomies having significant bruising compared to 38 % of the lateral osteotomies using the conventional technique.
There is a difference in postoperative edema and bruising with the piezoelectric and conventional osteotome for lateral osteoetomy in Rhinoplasty. There is more edema with the piezoelectric and more ecchymosis with the conventional osteotome.
•Question: Is edema and bruising different with piezoelectric osteotomy during rhinoplasty?•Findings: Edema is greater with the piezoelectric and bruising is less with the piezoelectric.•Meaning: The piezoelectric has a different healing profile with regards to edema and bruising than the conventional osteotome in rhinoplasty.
Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GM-APDs) grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy are of interest for several low-light-level applications, including laser radars and single-photon-counting ...optical communications. Materials systems based on GaInAsP lattice matched to InP are critical to the performance of GM-APDs at both 1.06- and
1.55
-
μ
m
wavelengths. Growth temperature, growth rate, and V/III ratio were investigated to determine the effect each had on important device parameters, dark count rate and after-pulsing. Improvements of growth conditions led to a 44% reduction in dark count rate (DCR), but after-pulsing behavior, and thus dead time of GM-APDs was unaffected. The improvement of growth conditions has led to devices with DCRs at 300
K of
8
×
10
9
Hz
/
cm
2
with dead times still at approximately
1
μ
s
.
Recent evidence suggests that signaling by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is dependent on reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidase. Redox signaling in response to IL-1β ...is known to require endocytosis of its cognate receptor (IL-1R1) following ligand binding and the formation of redox-active signaling endosomes that contain Nox2 (also called redoxosomes). The consequent generation of reactive oxygen species by redoxosomes is responsible for the downstream recruitment of IL-1R1 effectors (IRAK, TRAF6, and IκB kinase kinases) and ultimately for activation of the transcription factor NFκB. Despite this knowledge of the signaling events that occur downstream of redoxosome formation, an understanding of the mechanisms that coordinate the genesis of redoxosomes following IL-1β stimulation has been lacking. Here, we demonstrate that lipid rafts play an important role in this process. We show that Nox2 and IL-1R1 localize to plasma membrane lipid rafts in the unstimulated state and that IL-1β signals caveolin-1-dependent endocytosis of both proteins into the redoxosome. We also show that inhibiting lipid raft-mediated endocytosis prevents NFκB activation. Finally, we demonstrate that Vav1, a Rac1 guanine exchange factor and activator of Nox2, is recruited to lipid rafts following IL-1β stimulation and that it is required for NFκB activation. Our results fill in an important mechanistic gap in the understanding of early IL-1R1 and Nox2 signaling events that control NFκB activation, a redox-dependent process important in inflammation.
July 20, 2021 marked the 30th anniversary of the publication of the landmark trial by the British Medical Research Council showing unequivocally that maternal intake of folic acid (vitamin B9) ...starting before pregnancy prevents most cases of infant spina bifida and anencephaly—two major neural tube defects that are severe, disabling, and often fatal. Mandatory food fortification with folic acid is a safe, cost-effective, and sustainable intervention to prevent spina bifida and anencephaly. Yet few countries implement fortification with folic acid; only a quarter of all preventable spina bifida and anencephaly cases worldwide are currently avoided by food fortification. We summarise scientific evidence supporting immediate, mandatory fortification with folic acid to prevent the development of spina bifida and anencephaly. We make an urgent call to action for the World Health Assembly to pass a resolution for universal mandatory folic acid fortification. Such a resolution could accelerate the slow pace of spina bifida and anencephaly prevention globally, and will assist countries to reach their 2030 Sustainable Development Goals on child mortality and health equity. The cost of inaction is profound, and disproportionately impacts susceptible populations in low-income and middle-income countries.
For Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes, the two most important performance metrics for most applications are dark count rate (DCR) and photon detection efficiency (PDE). In 1.06- mu m ...separate-absorber-avalanche (multiplier) InP-based devices, the primary sources of dark counts are tunneling through defect levels in the InP avalanche region and thermal generation in the InGaAsP absorber region. PDE is the probability that a photon will be absorbed (quantum efficiency) times the probability that the electron-hole pair generated will actually cause an avalanche. A device model based on experimental data that can simultaneously predict DCR and PDE as a function of overbias and temperature is presented. This model has been found useful in predicting changes in performance as various device parameters, such as avalanche layer thickness, are modified. This has led to designs that are capable simultaneously of low DCR and high PDE.
Inconsistent use of oral contraceptives (OCs) exposes women to risks of unintended pregnancy. This study explored women’s self-described reasons for missed OC pills. Data from diary cards completed ...by 141 women were studied to see how reasons for missing pills were related to patterns of pill use. The findings suggest that practitioners might improve OC use by focusing on the reasons that women miss pills, thus providing a more tailored approach that addresses individual risks based on women’s personal experiences.
Recent evidence suggests that signaling by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is dependent on reactive oxygen
species derived from NADPH oxidase. Redox signaling in response to ...IL-1β is known to require endocytosis of its cognate receptor
(IL-1R1) following ligand binding and the formation of redox-active signaling endosomes that contain Nox2 (also called redoxosomes).
The consequent generation of reactive oxygen species by redoxosomes is responsible for the downstream recruitment of IL-1R1
effectors (IRAK, TRAF6, and IκB kinase kinases) and ultimately for activation of the transcription factor NFκB. Despite this
knowledge of the signaling events that occur downstream of redoxosome formation, an understanding of the mechanisms that coordinate
the genesis of redoxosomes following IL-1β stimulation has been lacking. Here, we demonstrate that lipid rafts play an important
role in this process. We show that Nox2 and IL-1R1 localize to plasma membrane lipid rafts in the unstimulated state and that
IL-1β signals caveolin-1-dependent endocytosis of both proteins into the redoxosome. We also show that inhibiting lipid raft-mediated
endocytosis prevents NFκB activation. Finally, we demonstrate that Vav1, a Rac1 guanine exchange factor and activator of Nox2,
is recruited to lipid rafts following IL-1β stimulation and that it is required for NFκB activation. Our results fill in an
important mechanistic gap in the understanding of early IL-1R1 and Nox2 signaling events that control NFκB activation, a redox-dependent
process important in inflammation.
Recent evidence suggests that signaling by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1b (IL-1b) is dependent on reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidase. Redox signaling in response to IL-1b ...is known to require endocytosis of its cognate receptor (IL-1R1) following ligand binding and the formation of redox-active signaling endosomes that contain Nox2 (also called redoxosomes). The consequent generation of reactive oxygen species by redoxosomes is responsible for the downstream recruitment of IL-1R1 effectors (IRAK, TRAF6, and IIºB kinase kinases) and ultimately for activation of the transcription factor NFIºB. Despite this knowledge of the signaling events that occur downstream of redoxosome formation, an understanding of the mechanisms that coordinate the genesis of redoxosomes following IL-1b stimulation has been lacking. Here, we demonstrate that lipid rafts play an important role in this process. We show that Nox2 and IL-1R1 localize to plasma membrane lipid rafts in the unstimulated state and that IL-1b signals caveolin-1-dependent endocytosis of both proteins into the redoxosome. We also show that inhibiting lipid raft-mediated endocytosis prevents NFIºB activation. Finally, we demonstrate that Vav1, a Rac1 guanine exchange factor and activator of Nox2, is recruited to lipid rafts following IL-1b stimulation and that it is required for NFIºB activation. Our results fill in an important mechanistic gap in the understanding of early IL-1R1 and Nox2 signaling events that control NFIºB activation, a redox-dependent process important in inflammation.
Arrays of photon-counting avalanche photodiodes enable laser-communications receivers with unprecedented sensitivity at 1.06-/spl mu/m wavelength. Arrays with 64 elements were fabricated in the ...InGaAsP/InP materials system and were bump-bonded to a custom CMOS integrated circuit. The integrated circuit uses a novel nonblocking architecture to continuously report both time-of-arrival for incoming photons as well as their spatial location on the array. Near room temperature, the best detectors have: 45% photon detection efficiency, 65-kHz dark count rate, and a 1.6-/spl mu/s reset time to avoid after-pulsing.
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