We study the performance of two-phase avalanche detectors based on Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) and operated in an electron-avalanching mode in Ar and Xe. Emission, gain, energy resolution and ...stability characteristics of the detectors were studied. Rather high gains, reaching 5000, and stable operation for several hours were observed in the two-phase Ar avalanche detector using a triple-GEM multiplier. The signals induced by X-rays,
β-particles and γ-rays were successfully recorded. Preliminary results were obtained in the two-phase Xe avalanche detector: the maximum gain of the triple-GEM in two-phase Xe and Xe+2%CH
4 was about 200. The results obtained are relevant in the field of two-phase detectors for dark matter searches, coherent neutrino scattering, PET and digital radiography.
We present a purity monitor for the KEDR liquid krypton calorimeter. A new method is suggested based on the usage of a short pulse of a gas discharge as a source of ultraviolet radiation for the ...photoproduction of electrons in a drift cell of the monitor. This paper describes the design of the monitor, the results of experiments with gaseous and liquid krypton, as well as the experience of using the developed device in the process of krypton purification for the KEDR liquid krypton calorimeter.
Liquid argon calorimeter performance at high rates Glatte, A.; Kobel, M.; Mader, W.F. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
03/2012, Letnik:
669
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We project the performance of the ATLAS liquid argon endcap and forward calorimeters at the planned high luminosity LHC option HL-LHC by exposing small calorimeter modules of the electromagnetic, ...hadronic, and forward calorimeters to high intensity beams at IHEP/Protvino. The beam intensity extends well beyond the maximum expected for these calorimeters at HL-LHC. The signal reconstruction and calorimeter performance have been studied in full detail.
Cryogenic avalanche detectors based on gas electron multipliers Bondar, A.; Buzulutskov, A.; Shekhtman, L. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/2004, Letnik:
524, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We study the performances of gaseous and two-phase (liquid-gas) cryogenic detectors of ionizing radiation based on gas electron multipliers (GEMs) and operated in an avalanche mode in pure noble ...gases. The gas amplification in He, Ar and Kr is systematically studied at low temperatures, using triple-GEM multipliers. High gains, exceeding 10
4, were obtained in these gases in the range of 120–300
K. Stable electron avalanching was demonstrated in a saturated Kr vapor in the two-phase mode. These results are relevant for understanding basic mechanisms of electron avalanching at low temperatures and for applications in cryogenic particle detectors, in particular in dark matter and solar neutrino detectors.
We study the performance of gaseous and two-phase (liquid-gas) cryogenic detectors of ionizing radiation, based on gas electron multipliers (GEMs). For the first time, relatively high gas gains, ...exceeding 10/sup 4/, were obtained in pure He, Ar, and Kr at low temperatures and the stable avalanche mode of operation was observed in a two-phase cryogenic detector in Kr. The electron avalanching at low temperatures, in the range of 120-300 K, is systematically studied.
A full azimuthal
φ
-wedge of the ATLAS liquid argon end-cap calorimeter has been exposed to beams of electrons, muons and pions in the energy range
6
GeV
⩽
E
⩽
200
GeV
at the CERN SPS. The angular ...region studied corresponds to the ATLAS impact position around the pseudorapidity interval
1.6
<
|
η
|
<
1.8
. The beam test setup is described. A detailed study of the performance is given as well as the related intercalibration constants obtained. Following the ATLAS hadronic calibration proposal, a first study of the hadron calibration using a weighting ansatz is presented. The results are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo simulations, based on GEANT 3 and GEANT 4 models.
GEM operation in helium and neon at low temperatures Buzulutskov, A.; Dodd, J.; Galea, R. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2005, Letnik:
548, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We study the performance of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) in gaseous He, Ne and Ne+H
2 at temperatures in the range of 2.6–293
K. In He, at temperatures between 62 and 293
K, the triple-GEM ...structures often operate at rather high gains, exceeding 1000. There is an indication that this high gain is achieved by the Penning effect in the gas impurities released by outgassing. At lower temperatures, the gain–voltage characteristics are significantly modified probably due to the freeze-out of impurities. In particular, the double- and single-GEM structures can operate down to 2.6
K at gains reaching only several tens at a gas density of about 0.5
g/l; at higher densities the maximum gain drops further. In Ne, the maximum gain also drops at cryogenic temperatures. The gain drop in Ne at low temperatures can be reestablished in Penning mixtures of Ne+H
2: very high gains, exceeding 10
4, have been obtained in these mixtures at 50–60
K, at a density of 9.2
g/l corresponding to that of saturated Ne vapor near 27
K. The results obtained are relevant in the fields of two-phase He and Ne detectors for solar neutrino detection and electron avalanching at low temperatures.
Further studies of GEM performance at cryogenic temperatures Bondar, A.; Buzulutskov, A.; Pavlyuchenko, D. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2004, Letnik:
535, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We have carried out further studies of the performance of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) in pure He, Ar and Kr at cryogenic temperatures, in the gaseous and two-phase modes. Ion backdrift, ion ...feedback and photon feedback effects in triple-GEM structures have been observed. Ion mobilities in dense He and Ar have been estimated using the pulse-shape analysis. Electron avalanching in Kr has been studied in single- and triple-GEM structures in the range of 120–300
K.
Further studies of GEM performance in dense noble gases Aulchenko, V.; Bondar, A.; Buzulutskov, A. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
11/2003, Letnik:
513, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We further study the performance of single, double and triple Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors in pure noble gases at high pressures, in the range of 1–10
atm. We confirm that light noble ...gases, in particular He and its mixtures with Kr, have the highest gain, reaching 10
6, and an unusual gain dependence on pressure. Effects of the number of GEMs, GEM hole diameter and pitch are investigated in detail. In He, avalanche-induced secondary scintillations are observed at high gains, using the metal photocathode. These results are relevant in the field of avalanche mechanism in noble gases and X-ray, neutron and cryogenic particle detectors.
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