The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of biogas production implemented by family farmers organized in a cooperative agroenergy condominium. Evidences of changes in socioenvironmental ...performance were obtained through field observations and queries to the farmers. Observed ‘change coefficients’ were inserted into multicriteria indicators, weighted by their spatial scale of occurrence in the rural establishments, and impact indices were calculated for a set of seven characterization aspects (technological efficiency, environmental quality, productive process, employment, income, health, and management, and administration), integrated in 23 criteria and 123 indicators. The resulting impact indices of the implementation of the cooperative agroenergy condominium pointed out to positive performances in most of the criteria, with occasional transitory negative indices in specific indicators, related to farmers' particular contexts. Statistically significant positive results were obtained for seven of the ten Ecological impact criteria, as follows (i) use of agricultural inputs and resources; (ii) energy consumption; (iii) self-generation, utilization, reuse, and autonomy in the agricultural area; (iv) energy security; (v) emissions to the atmosphere; (vi) soil quality, and (vii) water quality. In the Socioenvironmental impacts dimension, statistically significant positive results were found for the following criteria: (i) productivity; (ii) productive integration in the concept of biorefinery/Ecopark; (iii) training; (iv) qualification and availability of work; (v) income generation; (vi) waste disposal, and (vii) institutional relationship. The agroenergy condominium contributed to reducing environmental impacts, promoting productive efficiency and improving income generation in the cooperating family farms.
•Agroenergy condominiums may enhance socioenvironmental performance of small farms.•Waste management is improved and GHG emissions are mitigated by biogas production.•Firewood and LPG consumption is reduced in farms with agroenergy condominiums.•Specialized training programs are highly required in agroenergy condominiums.•Ambitec-Agroenergy is a valuable tool to asses agroenergy condominiums.
The emission of nitrous oxide (N
O), one of the main greenhouse gases, which contributes significantly to global warming, is a major challenge in modern agriculture. The effects of land use systems ...on N
O emissions are the result of multiple variables, whose interactions need to be better understood. In this sense, this study analyzed the possible effects of different soil managements, crop rotations and sequences, as well as edaphoclimatic factors causing N
O emissions from soils in the Cerrado biome (scrubland). The following four land-use systems were evaluated: 1) No-tillage cultivation with biennial crop rotations and sequences: legume-grass and alternating grass-legume crops in the second season - NT-SS/MP; 2) No-tillage with biennial rotations and sequences: grass-legume and alternating second crop of legume-grass - NT-MP/SS; 3) Conventional planting with disc harrow and biennial legume-grass rotation-CT-S/M; and 4) Native Cerrado (CE), no agricultural land use. The legume and grass species, planted in the two no-tillage treatments were soybean, followed by sorghum BRS3.32 (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) (SS), and maize, followed by pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) (MP). Nitrous oxide emissions were evaluated for 25 months (October 2013 to October 2015), and the results were grouped in annual, total, growing and non-growing seasons, as well as yield-scaled N
O emissions. The mean N
O fluxes were 24.14, 15.71, 32.49 and 1.87 μg m
h
in the NT-SS/MP, NT-MP/SS, CT-S/M and Cerrado areas respectively. Cumulative N
O fluxes over the total evaluation period from the systems NT-SS/MP, NT-MP/SS, CT-S/M and CE, respectively, were 3.47, 2.29, 4.87 and 0.26 kg ha
. A correlation between N
O fluxes and the environmental variables was observed, with the exception of water-filled pore space (WFPS), but N
O peaks were associated with WFPS values of >65%. In the 2014-2015 growing season, yield-scaled N
O emissions from NT-MP/SS were lower than from CT-S/M. A multi-factor approach indicated that conventional management with main season soybean or maize and no alternating crop sequence intensifies soil N
O emissions in the Cerrado.
Resumo: O trabalho analisou os impactos ambientais e socioeconômicos da produção integrada de base ecológica, considerando a sustentabilidade em longo prazo das atividades de produção vegetal e da ...criação animal nas unidades produtivas. Para esse fim, foram avaliadas três unidades agropecuárias familiares, denominadas “A”, “B” e “C”, localizadas na Região Integrada de Desenvolvimento do Distrito Federal e Entorno (RIDE-DF). Nessas unidades, foi aplicado o Sistema de Avaliação Ponderada de Impacto Ambiental de Atividades do Novo Rural (APOIA-Novo Rural), o qual contempla cinco dimensões de sustentabilidade: (a) Ecologia da paisagem, (b) Qualidade dos compartimentos ambientais (atmosfera, água e solo), (c) Valores socioculturais, (d) Valores econômicos e (e) Gestão e Administração. No sistema, o Índice de Sustentabilidade da Atividade é definido por uma linha de adequação ambiental, estipulada em 0,70 (em uma escala de 0 a 1). A produção integrada de base ecológica das três unidades avaliadas gerou desempenhos positivos no Índice Médio de Sustentabilidade (0,74), com destaque para as dimensões Gestão e Administração (0,88) e Ecologia da Paisagem (0,79). Embora o resultado global tenha sido positivo, a análise apontou a necessidade de investimentos na variável solo sob manejo orgânico.
Abstract: The work analyzed the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of integrated ecological production, considering the long-term sustainability of plant production and animal husbandry activities. For this purpose, three family farming units, called “A”, “B” and “C”, located in the Integrated Region of the Federal District and Surroundings (RIDE – DF), were evaluated. In these units, the Weighted Environmental Impact Assessment System for Novo Rural Activities (APOIA-Novo Rural) was applied, which includes five dimensions of sustainability: (a) Landscape ecology; (b) Quality of the environmental compartments (atmosphere, water, and soil); (c) Sociocultural values; (d) Economic values and (e) Management and Administration. In the system, the Activity Sustainability Index is defined by an environmental adequacy line, set at 0.70 (on a scale of 0 to 1). Ecologically based integrated production of the three units generated positive performances in the average sustainability index (0.74), with emphasis on the Management and Administration (0.88) and Landscape Ecology (0.79) dimensions. Although the overall result was positive, the analysis pointed to the need for investments in the variable soil under organic management.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the thermopotassium and thermophosphate agrominerals, as sources of P and K, in an organic pasture consortium of 'Marandu' Urochloa ...brizantha + Stylosanthes spp. in the Brazilian Cerrado. The organic management was compared with conventional farming using chemical fertilizers, during three years, in two adjacent experiments, one with and the other without previous growth of green manure (Crotalaria juncea). The management treatments were: conventional, with the application of 200 kg ha-1 potassium chloride, 260 kg ha-1 triple superphosphate, and 217 kg ha-1 urea; organic, with the application of 1.0 Mg ha-1 thermophosphate, 2.0 Mg ha-1 termopotassium, and 7.0 Mg ha-1 chicken manure; and control, without fertilizers. Soil fertility, dry mass production, and legume content in the pasture were evaluated. The experiment with green manure resulted in a significant increase in the soil-extractable contents of P and K and in pasture productivity. In the organic treatment, due to the slow release of agromineral nutrients, long-term effects are observed on the soil-extractable contents of P and K.
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho dos agrominerais termopotássio e termofosfato, como fontes de P e K, em consórcio de pastagem orgânica de Urochloa brizantha 'Marandu' + Stylosanthes spp. no Cerrado brasileiro. O manejo orgânico foi comparado ao convencional com uso de fertilizantes químicos, durante três anos, em dois experimentos adjacentes, um com e outro sem cultivo prévio de adubo verde (Crotalaria juncea). Os tratamentos de manejo foram: convencional, com aplicação de 200 kg ha-1 de cloreto de potássio, 260 kg ha-1 de superfosfato triplo e 217 kg ha-1 de ureia; orgânico, com aplicação de 1,0 Mg ha-1 termopotássio, 2,0 Mg ha-1 termofosfato e 7,0 Mg ha-1 cama de frango; e controle, sem adubação. Foram avaliadas fertilidade do solo, produção de matéria seca e contribuição da leguminosa na pastagem. O experimento com adubação verde proporcionou aumento significativo nos teores de P e K extraíveis do solo e na produtividade da pastagem. No tratamento orgânico, devido à liberação lenta dos nutrientes dos agrominerais, são observados efeitos de longo prazo nos teores extraíveis de P e K do solo.
ABSTRACT Forest soils are N2O sources and commonly act as CH4 sinks. This study evaluated the dynamics of the CH4 and N2O fluxes of soils under Eucalyptus plantations and native Cerrado vegetation, ...as well as possible interactions between environmental factors and fluxes. The study was carried out in the Distrito Federal, Brazil, during 26 months, in three areas: in two stands of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis, planted in 2011 (E1), and in 2009 (E2) and native Cerrado vegetation (CE). Measurements to determine the fluxes in a closed static chamber were carried out from Oct 2013 to Nov 2015. Soil and climate factors were monitored. During the study period, the mean CH4 fluxes were –22.48, –8.38 and –1.31 μg CH4 m–2 h–1 and the mean N2O fluxes 5.45, 4.85 and 3.85 μg N2O m–2 h–1 from E1, E2 and CE, respectively. Seasonality affected plantations in the studied sites. Cumulative CH4 influxes were calculated (year-1: –1.86 to -0.63 kg ha–1 yr–1; year-2: –1.85 to –1.34 kg ha–1 yr–1). Cumulative N2O fluxes in the three sites were ≤ 0.85 kg ha–1 yr–1. The change in land use from Cerrado to Eucalyptus plantations did not significantly changed regarding greenhouse gases (GHG), compared to the native vegetation. Flux rates of both gases (N2O and CH4) were low. Temporal variations in GHG fluxes and different ages of the stands did not cause significant differences in cumulative annual fluxes.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the biomass productivity and chemical-bromatological quality of
Urochloa brizantha
cv. Marandu, intercropped with different leguminous under organic management. ...The experiment was conducted for 3 years at Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation — Embrapa Cerrados in Planaltina — DF, Brazil. Two independent experiments were designed. The first one with a previous green manure crop and the second, without green manure crop. After that, were planted in both experimental areas the
Urochloa brizantha
cv. Marandu intercropped with S
tylosanthes
spp. The experimental design was performed in randomized blocks, in the sub-subdivided plot scheme, with 3 replicates and 3 factors. Forage mass production, nutritional value, and protein and carbohydrate fractionation were evaluated in trials.
Urochloa
presented better quality in the organic system, with the lower lignin content (3.9%) and the reduction of low availability nitrogenous compounds.
Stylosanthes
spp. presented better chemical-bromatological quality with green fertilization in the form of organic fertilization, due to the significant reduction of fibers and lignin, a result that promoted improvements in digestibility. Both
Urochloa
and
Stylosanthes
presented better nutritional quality in the system with green fertilization and organic form of fertilization.
Protein detection is paramount across various scientific, clinical, and industrial domains. Accurate and sensitive detection of proteins is pivotal for understanding biological processes, diagnosing ...diseases, drug development, environmental monitoring, and ensuring food safety. Traditional protein detection methods encounter sensitivity, specificity, and ease of use challenges. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), with their tailored molecular recognition sites, offer a novel approach to address these limitations. When combined with electrochemical techniques, MIP-based electrochemical methods have emerged as a revolutionary technology, showcasing enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. This article provides a comprehensive overview of MIP-based electrochemical methods for protein detection, including the principles, engineering aspects, advantages, and potential applications. The aim is to elucidate the potential of this cutting-edge technology in reshaping protein detection and its promising role in advancing biosensing technologies.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the ecological and environmental impacts of a group of family farmers in converting to organic production of honey, using the Ambitec method of animal ...production. A group of eight family production units were evaluated, with a comparative approach between the years of 2012 and 2014. The data for the survey was obtained through questionnaires applied to the representatives of the family production units, which attributed, for each variable studied, the value that represented the change provided by the implementation of the technology. After the insertion of the coefficients of change of each variable of environmental and ecological indicators per unit of production, the impact coefficient was automatically calculated through the Ambitec spreadsheet constructed by weighing matrices. It was observed that of the 25 indicators analyzed, 17 presented statistical differences (
P
< 0.05), but three indicators did not contribute to the improvement of the transition from the conventional to the organic. The average overall impact index for the conventional system was μ = − 1.5 and for the organic system μ = 3.7. There was a 17.79% increase in technology (PIT) for the transition from conventional production to the organic honey production system. There was a positive socio-environmental and ecological impact for beekeepers with the use of technologies introduced in the process of transition to organic honey production system.
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo determinar o grau de conhecimentos e aderência dos produtores familiares do assentamento rural Chapadinha, em Sobradinho (DF), às normativas de produção ...orgânica estabelecidas no Brasil. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada contou com entrevistas abertas que pretenderam avaliar as percepções e conhecimentos dos produtores sobre as normativas mais importantes para a produção orgânica no Brasil: Lei n. 10831/2003; Decreto n. 6323/2007 e a IN n. 46/2011; as normas foram integradas em três unidades de análise: diretrizes dos sistemas e produção, processo de comercialização e mecanismos de controle. O trabalho aponta que a documentação constitui o maior gargalo no processo de certificação de pequenos produtores, pois estes requisitos são complexos, além de que é escassa a capacitação relacionada com o correto entendimento desses documentos. Com relação ao processo de comercialização e os mecanismos de controle identificou-se que os produtores apresentaram um grau de conhecimento incompleto relacionado a alguns dos parâmetros da normativa, prejudicando o tempo para a certificação, sendo necessária maior orientação técnica e acompanhamento.
This study aimed to evaluate the management of organic coffee production units in the Federal District (DF) and RIDE (Integrated Development Region of the Federal District and Surroundings), from a ...perspective of sustainability. The study used, as methodological support, the APOIA-NovoRural System, which is composed by 62 integrated indicators on five dimensions: (a) landscape ecology, (b) quality of the environmental compartments (atmosphere, water, and soil), (c) sociocultural values, (d) economic values, and (e) management and administration. Six potentially commercial properties were evaluated from a universe of 30 properties. The indicators revealed a General Average Environmental Performance Index of 0.75, higher than the base reference of 0.70, established by APOIA-NovoRural. The average index for the set of activities was 0.84. The atmosphere quality dimension obtained the best index (0.95), while soil quality obtained the lowest mean index (0.45) in all units. The highest overall sustainability index was 0.77 observed in one of the properties. The APOIA-NovoRural System proved to be adequate for the estimates of activities’ environmental and socioeconomic performance within rural establishments in the region studied, allowing the identification of deficiencies that may be handled by the farmers.
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