In recent years high power microwave radiation is applied for an ever increasing range of materials processing programs. The gyrotron complexes created at IAP RAS jointly with GYCOM Ltd. (N.Novgorod, ...Russia) allow creating materials with new qualities and do not have any analogues with similar functional capabilities. The expansion of these gyrotron based systems to novel technology and industrial applications requires efficiency enhancement. All gyrotron sources used in these systems operate at the second harmonic of the electron cyclotron resonance to reduce the energy consumption by the electromagnet and to make the power supply and cooling system for the solenoid much less operationally strained. Another major way to increase an efficiency of a whole system is performance optimization of the microwave source. The second harmonic gyrotron with output efficiency of 60% was developed and tested at IAP RAS. Record-breaking efficiency has been obtained by magnetic field profile optimization and energy recovery of the spent electron beam.
The action of duck egg drop syndrome 1976 (EDS-76) adenovirus on model bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) has been investigated on planar egg phosphatidylcholine membranes and small unilamellar vesicles. ...It was found that the adenovirus formed channels in planar BLM in a pH-dependent manner. The addition of EDS-76 to planar BLM at pH 5 induced voltage-independent channel activity of about 60 pS conductivity after a lag phase. At pH 3, EDS-76 induced irregular spikes of current across the planar BLM which disappeared after several minutes. The adenovirus also was able to induce pH-dependent leakage of calcein-loaded liposomes. EDS-76 did not induce channel activity in planar BLM or liposome leakage at neutral pH.
High-efficient second harmonic 24 GHz CW gyrotron has been developed and tested at IAP RAS. Record-breaking efficiency of 60% at 6 kW output power level has been obtained by magnetic field profile ...optimization and single-stage energy recovery of the spent electron beam.
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