The development of chili paste from karanda (Carissa carandas L.) was aimed to obtain a
product which will benefit consumer health and promote the use of Thai herbs to become
functional foods. This ...research was designed to conduct a comparative evaluation of
physicochemical compositions, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activities,
microbiological qualities, and sensory testing of three karanda chili paste formulas
(formula A, B and C). The physicochemical proximate compositions were analyzed by the
AOAC method. The TPC of the extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method.
The antioxidant activities were tested by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
scavenging DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The results
showed that the colour values of redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) of chili paste in formula
B were lower than others. Formula B was significantly higher than others in protein
content whereas formula C was significantly higher than others in fat, carbohydrate, ash
and energy. The extract of steamed formula A contained the highest TPC (3.94±0.11
milligram gallic acid equivalent per gram of fresh weight (mg GAE/g FW). Similarly, this
extract containing most karanda showed stronger antioxidant capacities, 11.55±0.04
milligram trolox equivalent per gram of fresh weight (mg TE/g FW), and 11.93±0.02
micromole trolox equivalent per gram of fresh weight (µmole TE/g FW) as determined by
DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively. The DPPH and FRAP values of steamed chili paste
were higher compared with unsteamed chili paste in all formulas. Moreover, the steamed
chili paste did not have counts of the total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, yeasts, and
mold that exceeded the community product standard. Overall preference for all formulas
of karanda chili paste was not significantly different, but formula A was the most
acceptable. This study demonstrated that karanda chili paste could retain its antioxidant
activity and help to reduce microbial contamination due to steaming and its spice
phytochemicals; therefore, it could be valuable as a functional food for preventing
oxidative stress-mediated human disorders.
Two eland Anaplasma isolates, Anap
E1, from Kenya, and Anap
E2, from South Africa were characterised. Their characterization was based on their pathogenicity to intact and splenectomized cattle and ...sheep and also their DNA profiles. Their DNA profiles were analysed and compared to
Anaplasma marginale, A. ovis and
A. centrale after endonuclease restrictions and probing with
Anaplasma DNA probes, AC5–12 and AC-1. The results of the pathogenicity trials showed Anap
E1 to be similar to
A. ovis and Anap
E2 an isolate of
A. marginale. On DNA profiles, Anap
E1 was close to
A. ovis, with differences that occur even in same
Anaplasma species isolates from different locations. On the other hand, Anap
E2, resembled one of the
A. marginale isolates known to occur in South Africa. The DNA profiles correlated well with the pathogenicity results. It is concluded that elands are carriers of both
A. marginale and
A. ovis parasites and are therefore important reservoirs that need attention in epidemiology of anaplasmosis.
A survey was carried out in horse, zebra, elephant, camel, sheep and goat and wild carnivore sera for virus-serum neutralising antibody to the nine type strains of African horse sickness virus. ...Antibody was found amongst the horse, zebra and elephant sera to all nine different strains. No antibody was detected in any sera from camels, sheep and goats. None was found in sera from hyaena and jackals in this series but had been detected earlier.
Menjadi katekis di zaman milenial memiliki tantangan yang beragam. Pilihan untuk menjadi katekis adalah sebuah panggilan untuk melayani. Seiring dengan itu panggilan menjadi katekis disertai dengan ...tantangan yang bisa saja menjadi problem tersendiri dalam perwujudannya. Katekis telah ditantang oleh arus modernisasi yang di dalamnya terkandung individualisme, hedonisme, sekularisme bahkan radikalisme yang menuntut katekis selektif dalam bersosialisasi. Dalam rangka sosialisasi dengan masyarakat (baca: umat Allah) itulah katekis membutuhkan bahasa yang merupakan alat komunikasi utama manusia. Apakah bahasa digunakan secara baik dan benar dalam memberikan pengajaran dan pewartaan Kerajaan Allah kepada umat yang adalah fokus dan lokus pelayanan seorang katekis? Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih rinci tentang penggunaan bahasa oleh katekis, sebagai media pewartaan kerajaan Allah di zaman milenial.
In the At Home/Chez Soi trial for homeless individuals with mental illness, the scattered-site Housing First (HF) with Intensive Case Management (ICM) intervention proved more effective than ...treatment as usual (TAU).
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the HF plus ICM intervention compared with TAU.
This is an economic evaluation study of data from the At Home/Chez Soi randomized clinical trial. From October 2009 through July 2011, 1198 individuals were randomized to the intervention (n = 689) or TAU (n = 509) and followed up for as long as 24 months. Participants were recruited in the Canadian cities of Vancouver, Winnipeg, Toronto, and Montreal. Participants with a current mental disorder who were homeless and had a moderate level of need were included. Data were analyzed from 2013 through 2019, per protocol.
Scattered-site HF (using rent supplements) with off-site ICM services was compared with usual housing and support services in each city.
The analysis was performed from the perspective of society, with days of stable housing as the outcome. Service use was ascertained using questionnaires. Unit costs were estimated in 2016 Canadian dollars.
Of 1198 randomized individuals, 795 (66.4%) were men and 696 (58.1%) were aged 30 to 49 years. Almost all (1160 participants, including 677 in the HF group and 483 in the TAU group) contributed data to the economic analysis. Days of stable housing were higher by 140.34 days (95% CI, 128.14-153.31 days) in the HF group. The intervention cost $14 496 per person per year; reductions in costs of other services brought the net cost down by 46% to $7868 (95% CI, $4409-$11 405). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $56.08 (95% CI, $29.55-$84.78) per additional day of stable housing. In sensitivity analyses, adjusting for baseline differences using a regression-based method, without altering the discount rate, caused the largest change in the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio with an increase to $60.18 (95% CI, $35.27-$86.95). At $67 per day of stable housing, there was an 80% chance that HF was cost-effective compared with TAU. The cost-effectiveness of HF appeared to be similar for all participants, although possibly less for those with a higher number of previous psychiatric hospitalizations.
In this study, the cost per additional day of stable housing was similar to that of many interventions for homeless individuals. Based on these results, expanding access to HF with ICM appears to be warranted from an economic standpoint.
isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN42520374.
Incremental Hemodialysis: What We Know so Far Soi, Vivek; Faber, Mark D; Paul, Ritika
International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease,
05/2022, Letnik:
15
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Traditionally, patients that develop progressive chronic kidney disease in need of kidney replacement therapy are prescribed thrice weekly in-center hemodialysis sessions at the beginning of therapy. ...This empiric prescription is based on historic trials that were comprised of mostly prevalent patients. Incremental hemodialysis is the process of performing <3 sessions of dialysis per week or limiting dialysis dose by duration at the initial onset of treatment to provide a more gradual transition, mimicking the progressive nature of kidney disease. Adding clearance contributions from residual kidney function is the standard of care with peritoneal dialysis but has not routinely been employed with hemodialysis. Accounting for residual kidney function accompanied by improvement in adjuvant pharmacotherapy, such as newer potassium binding agents and dietary modification, can augment dialytic clearances and allow for an incremental approach. Utilizing incremental dialysis has been associated with both preserving residual kidney function as well as improving patient quality of life. Barriers to this approach include concerns regarding patient acceptance of dialysis prescription changes, adherence to therapy, and provider factors that would require a restructuring of the current thrice weekly hemodialysis rubric. Candidacy for incremental therapy has shown the best outcomes when urea clearances exceed 3 mL/min and urine volumes are >500 mL/day, although these measures have been deemed conservative. A significant amount of retrospective and registry data has been supportive of initiating incremental hemodialysis and several pilot studies have shown the feasibility of implementing such an approach. Larger, randomized control trials are needed to fully evaluate safety and efficacy to allow for more widespread acceptance of this patient-centered approach to chronic kidney disease.
The image of the corridor, a central pathway of road and rail carving its way through Africa's interior, has guided the coordination of transport and trade developments on the continent in recent ...decades. Existing analysis of the "Corridor" - a label with a great capacity to change shape, guiding funding and infrastructural priorities at different times and in different settings - tends to be presentist, technical, and conveyed in the language of transport economics. The chapters collected here showcase a more varied approach, offering perspectives from academics and policy-makers coming from a range of disciplinary backgrounds. They capture the varied forms of the corridor concept (developmental, transport, and trade corridors), the multiplicity of actors (including China and the European Union), as well as the different permutations of the infrastructure itself, in corridors linking coastal states and in others that link coastal states with the hinterland. The breadth of cases allows for a comparative perspective of East, West, and Southern Africa, as well as the basis of comparisons outside of the continent in Europe, South Asia, and elsewhere. The motivations behind corridor initiatives in Africa range enormously, from resource extraction to urban development and poverty reduction. A lot depends on scale, and this collection places the grand designs thrashed out at continental and regional economic forums alongside the individual concerns of drivers and cross-border traders hauling goods across the continent's checkpoints. What emerges are a number of central tensions in the study of transport corridors: between short-term optics and long-term durability; between road and rail as modes of transportation; between regional integration and national interest; between the facilitation of trade and the generation of corridor revenue; between different port configurations; and between local dynamics and the dynamics of long-distance transportation. This book is available as Open Access under the Creative Commons license CC-BY-NC.
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