Portal vein thrombosis is a rare but well-recognized complication of splenectomy. We present the case of a 31-year-old woman with transfusion-dependent b-thalassemia who underwent a laparoscopic ...splenectomy to reduce her transfusion requirements. Postoperatively, she developed portal vein thrombosis, diagnosed by abdominal CT scanning on postoperative day 4. After being treated with anticoagulation and antibiotic therapy, she obtained prompt resolution of her symptoms. This report summarizes the first reported incidence of portal vein thrombosis following laparoscopic splenectomy and presents the current theories regarding the etiology and treatment of postsplenectomy portal vein thrombosis.
Recent developments of new direct oral anticoagulants that target specific clotting factors necessitate understanding of coagulation biology. The objective of this tutorial is to offer dental ...professionals a review of coagulation mechanisms and the pharmacodynamics of the conventional and new oral anticoagulants. Also, we summarized the dental implications of the conventional and new anticoagulants.
We searched Medline using search terms "antithrombotic", "antihemostasis" or "anticoagulation" and combined them with the search results of "dental", "oral surgery" or "periodontal". We restricted the results to "human" and "English".
The early coagulation cascade, the new cell-based coagulation model, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of conventional antithrombotics, and new oral anticoagulants were reviewed. The new direct factor Xa inhibitors and the direct thrombin inhibitor (s), called direct oral anticoagulants (DOAs) have rapid onset of action, fast elimination on cessation, and fewer drug-drug or drug-food interactions than warfarin. However, the lack of antidotes raises concerns that some dental procedures may trigger serious hemorrhagic events. Additionally, careful perioperative withdrawal and resumption protocols for the DOAs are reviewed, because DOAs' blood levels are dependent on renal function. Also, various reversal strategies in the event of excessive bleedings are summarized. Perioperative management of dental patients taking new DOAs and conventional oral anticoagulants are also discussed. However, the perioperative strategies for DOAs are yet to be validated in randomized trials.
The juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) plays a key role in the protection and transport of the hormone to target tissues. In this report the sequence of the
jhbp promoter comprising about ...2000 bp is characterized. Using a minimized false positive algorithm, six putative regulatory elements, Hunchback, Heat shock factor binding element, Ultrabithorax, Broad-Complex Z3, Elf-1 and Chorion factor 1/ultraspiracle (CF1/Usp) were found in the distal promoter of the
jhbp gene. Proteins from nuclear extract of
Galleria mellonella fat body form four specific complexes with probe containing TATA box, five complexes with Inr probe and one protein complex with DPE probe. EMSA and footprinting analyses showed that one of the three CF1/Usp elements (starting at −
1053) has an exceptionally high affinity to Usp protein. An unknown, high-affinity Usp/EcRDBD-binding element (TCAACA-AAC-TGTTCA), distinct from 20-hydroxyecdysone response elements, was identified in the
jhbp gene promoter, based on a footprinting assay. Deletions of
jhbp promoter in the regions containing the CF1/Usp elements enhance the transcriptional activity of luciferase reporter gene in the
Trichoplusia ni High Five cell line. Obtained data suggest that
jhbp promoter is TATA- and Inr-driven, CF1/Usp elements exhibit inhibitory effect on
jhbp expression, and an interaction between Usp and DNA relies on recognition of the consensus sequence (GGGTCA) and on ionic interactions of several phosphate groups outside from this element.
In order to put a halt to the Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) epidemic in 2008, the European Commission promoted vaccination at a transnational level as a new measure to combat BTV-8. Most ...European member states opted for a mandatory vaccination campaign, whereas the Netherlands, amongst others, opted for a voluntary campaign. For the latter to be effective, the farmer's willingness to vaccinate should be high enough to reach satisfactory vaccination coverage to stop the spread of the disease. This study looked at a farmer's expected utility of vaccination, which is expected to have a positive impact on the willingness to vaccinate. Decision analysis was used to structure the vaccination decision problem into decisions, events and payoffs, and to define the relationships among these elements. Two scenarios were formulated to distinguish farmers’ mindsets, based on differences in dairy heifer management. For each of the scenarios, a decision tree was run for two years to study vaccination behaviour over time. The analysis was done based on the expected utility criterion. This allows to account for the effect of a farmer's risk preference on the vaccination decision. Probabilities were estimated by experts, payoffs were based on an earlier published study. According to the results of the simulation, the farmer decided initially to vaccinate against BTV-8 as the net expected utility of vaccination was positive. Re-vaccination was uncertain due to less expected costs of a continued outbreak. A risk averse farmer in this respect is more likely to re-vaccinate. When heifers were retained for export on the farm, the net expected utility of vaccination was found to be generally larger and thus was re-vaccination more likely to happen. For future animal health programmes that rely on a voluntary approach, results show that the provision of financial incentives can be adjusted to the farmers’ willingness to vaccinate over time. Important in this respect are the decision moment and the characteristics of the disease. Farmers’ perceptions of the disease risk and about the efficacy of available control options cannot be neglected.
We have measured trapped field distributions by scanning a Hall probe on various rectangular YBCO bulk superconductors and studied the effects of field dependence of
J
c bulk thickness and bulk size ...on the trapped field. The trapped field could be increased by increasing the bulk thickness and size. However, a saturation was observed for the maximum thickness. We also calculated the distribution of trapped field taking account of the field dependence of
J
c. Experimental trapped field distributions were in good agreement with our calculated values when we used the
J
c-B
curves obtained from a d.c. magnetization measurement for samples.
CHOP (GADD153) is a small nuclear protein that dimerizes avidly with members of the C/EBP family of transcription factors. Normally undetectable, it is expressed at high levels in cells exposed to ...conditions that perturb protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum and induce an endoplasmic reticulum stress response. CHOP expression in stressed cells is linked to the development of programmed cell death and, in some instances, cellular regeneration. In this study, representational difference analysis was used to compare the complement of genes expressed in stressed wild‐type mouse embryonic fibroblasts with those expressed in cells nullizygous for chop. CHOP expression, in concert with a second signal, was found to be absolutely required for the activation by stress of a set of previously undescribed genes referred to as DOCs (for downstream of CHOP). DOC4 is a mammalian ortholog of a Drosophila gene, Tenm. Odz, implicated in patterning of the early fly embryo, whereas DOC6 encodes a newly recognized homolog of the actin‐binding proteins villin and gelsolin. These results reveal the existence of a novel CHOP‐dependent signaling pathway, distinct from the known endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, which may mediate changes in cell phenotype in response to stress.
TLS (also known as FUS) is an RNA‐binding protein that contributes the N‐terminal half of fusion oncoproteins implicated in the development of human liposarcomas and leukemias. Here we report that ...male mice homozygous for an induced mutation in TLS are sterile with a marked increase in the number of unpaired and mispaired chromosomal axes in pre‐meiotic spermatocytes. Nuclear extracts from TLS−/− testes lack an activity capable of promoting pairing between homologous DNA sequences in vitro, and TLS−/− mice and embryonic fibroblasts exhibit increased sensitivity to ionizing irradiation. These results are consistent with a role for TLS in homologous DNA pairing and recombination.
Homologous recombination plays a fundamental role in DNA double-strand break repair. Previously, we detected two mammalian
nuclear proteins of 100 and 75 kDa (POMp100 and POMp75, respectively) that ...are able to promote homologous DNA pairing, a key
step in homologous recombination. Here we describe the identification of human (h) POMp75 as the pro-oncoprotein TLS/FUS.
hPOMp75/TLS binds both single- and double-stranded DNAs and mediates annealing of complementary DNA strands. More important,
it promotes the uptake of a single-stranded oligonucleotide into a homologous superhelical DNA to form a D-loop. The formation
of a D-loop is an essential step in DNA double-strand break repair through recombination. DNA annealing and D-loop formation
catalyzed by hPOMp75/TLS require Mg 2+ and are ATP-independent. Interestingly, the oncogenic fusion form TLS-CHOP is not able to promote DNA pairing. These data
suggest a possible role for hPOMp75/TLS in maintenance of genomic integrity.
Although it is well established that the extracellular matrix affects tumour progression, not much is known about the various components and their effect on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ...(HNSCC) progression. Levels of collagen type XI α1 (colXIα1), a minor fibrillar collagen, have been shown to be increased in tumour compared with normal tissue in several cancers, including colorectal, breast, and non-small cell lung cancer. Currently, the functional significance of colXIα1 is not understood. We examined the expression levels of colXIα1 mRNA and elucidated the functional role of colXIα1 in HNSCC. Cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were examined with and without colXIα1 knockdown with siRNA in HNSCC cells. Our data demonstrate that colXIα1 expression is increased in tumour samples compared with levels in normal adjacent tissue in 16/23 HNSCC patients. In addition, colα11 is increased in HNSCC cell lines compared with normal immortalised epithelial cells and is increased in tumour-derived fibroblasts compared with normal fibroblasts. Using an siRNA approach, we demonstrate that colXIα1 contributes to proliferation, migration, and invasion of HNSCC. Our cumulative findings suggest that colXIα1 contributes to HNSCC tumorigenesis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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