We compared the prevalence of various medical and behavioral co-occurring conditions/symptoms between 4- and 8-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from five sites in the Autism and ...Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network during the 2010 survey year, accounting for sociodemographic differences. Over 95% of children had at least one co-occurring condition/symptom. Overall, the prevalence was higher in 8- than 4-year-olds for 67% of co-occurring conditions/symptoms examined. Further, our data suggested that co-occurring conditions/symptoms increased or decreased the age at which children were first evaluated for ASD. Similarly, among the 8-year-olds, the prevalence of most co-occurring conditions/symptoms was higher in children with a previous ASD diagnosis documented in their records. These findings are informative for understanding and screening co-occurring conditions/symptoms in ASD.
Background
Although in the last decade some research has emerged on temperament in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this research has primarily focused on the differences between children with ASD and ...their typically developing peers rather than the stability or change in temperament in this population. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine temperament over time in children with ASD, developmental delays (DD) and typical development (TD). Temperament differences were also compared among the three groups.
Methods
To accomplish this, parents rated children's temperament at Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2) using the Carey Temperament Scales (CTS).
Results
Results from the study showed that at T1, parents of children with ASD rated their children as more withdrawn (i.e. approach), and emotionally negative (i.e. mood), and less distractible and adaptable than parents of children with TD and DD. Also, children with ASD were rated as more intense and children with DD as less distractible than their TD peers. Similarly, at T2, children with ASD were rated more withdrawn, and emotionally negative, and less persistent, rhythmic, adaptable and distractible than children with TD and DD. Also, children with ASD were rated as more active than their DD peers. Regarding stability, parent ratings of temperament appeared stable over time in the TD group, but ratings varied substantially in the ASD or DD groups. That is, for the ASD group, activity and approach at T1 were significantly associated with their corresponding dimensions at T2. However, for the TD group, rhythmicity, approach, intensity and mood at T1 were significantly associated with those dimensions at T2. No associations were found in the DD group. Regarding change, parents reported change in rhythmicity, persistence and threshold between T1 and T2 in the ASD group. Similarly, parents reported change in rhythmicity, approach and threshold between T1 and T2 in the DD group. Lastly, parents of TD children reported change in adaptability, persistence and distractibility between T1 and T2.
Conclusions
These findings are novel in that children with ASD appear to have less stable temperament profile and different change patterns than children with TD or DD. Similar to previous research, children with ASD were described by their parents as experiencing more temperamental difficulties.
In this study, we explored potential associations among self-injurious behaviors (SIB) and a diverse group of protective and risk factors in children with autism spectrum disorder from two databases: ...Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network and the Autism Speaks-Autism Treatment Network (AS-ATN). The presence of SIB was determined from children’s records in ADDM and a parent questionnaire in AS-ATN. We used multiple imputation to account for missing data and a non-linear mixed model with site as a random effect to test for associations. Despite differences between the two databases, similar associations were found; SIB were associated with developmental, behavioral, and somatic factors. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to possible etiology, future longitudinal studies, and clinical practice.
We compared the prevalence of self-injurious behaviors (SIB) in preschoolers aged 30–68 months with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 691) versus other developmental delays and disorders (DD) (n = ...977) accounting for sociodemographic, cognitive, and medical factors. SIB prevalence was higher in ASD versus all DD adjusted odds-ratio (aOR) 2.13 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.53, 2.97). In subgroup analyses, SIB prevalence was higher in ASD versus DD without ASD symptoms aOR 4.42 (95% CI 2.66, 7.33), but was similar between ASD and DD with ASD symptoms aOR 1.09 (95% CI 0.68, 1.77). We confirmed higher prevalence of SIB in ASD versus DD, independent of confounders. In children with DD, SIB prevalence increased with more ASD symptoms. These findings are informative to clinicians, researchers, and policymakers.
: media-1vid110.1542/5984243260001PEDS-VA_2018-0492
BACKGROUND: Sleep problems can impact daytime behavior, quality of life, and overall health. We compared sleep habits in young children with autism ...spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental delays and disorders and in children from the general population (POP).
We included 2- to 5-year-old children whose parent completed all items on the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) in a multisite case-control study: 522 children with ASD; 228 children with other developmental delays and disorders with autism spectrum disorder characteristics (DD w/ASD); 534 children with other developmental delays and disorders without autism spectrum disorder characteristics (DD w/o ASD); and 703 POP. Multivariable analysis of variance compared CSHQ mean total score (TS) and subscale scores between groups. Logistic regression analysis examined group differences by using TS cutoffs of 41 and 48. Analyses were adjusted for covariates.
Mean CSHQ TS for children in each group: ASD (48.5); DD w/ASD (50.4); DD w/o ASD (44.4); and POP (43.3). Differences between children with ASD and both children with DD w/o ASD and POP were statistically significant. Using a TS cutoff of 48, the proportion of children with sleep problems was significantly higher in children in the ASD group versus DD w/o ASD and POP groups (adjusted odds ratios 95% confidence intervals: 2.12 1.57 to 2.87 and 2.37 1.75 to 3.22, respectively).
Sleep problems are more than twice as common in young children with ASD and DD w/ASD. Screening for sleep problems is important in young children to facilitate provision of appropriate interventions.
Purpose
The criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were revised in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The objective of this study was to ...compare the sensitivity and specificity of DSM-IV-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) and DSM-5 definitions of ASD in a community-based sample of preschool children.
Methods
Children between 2 and 5 years of age were enrolled in the Study to Explore Early Development-Phase 2 (SEED2) and received a comprehensive developmental evaluation. The clinician(s) who evaluated the child completed two diagnostic checklists that indicated the presence and severity of DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 criteria. Definitions for DSM-5 ASD, DSM-IV-TR autistic disorder, and DSM-IV-TR Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) were created from the diagnostic checklists.
Results
773 children met SEED2 criteria for ASD and 288 met criteria for another developmental disorder (DD). Agreement between DSM-5 and DSM-IV-TR definitions of ASD were good for autistic disorder (0.78) and moderate for PDD-NOS (0.57 and 0.59). Children who met DSM-IV-TR autistic disorder but not DSM-5 ASD (
n
= 71) were more likely to have mild ASD symptoms, or symptoms accounted for by another disorder. Children who met PDD-NOS but not DSM-5 ASD (
n
= 66), or vice versa (
n
= 120) were less likely to have intellectual disability and more likely to be female. Sensitivity and specificity were best balanced with DSM-5 ASD criteria (0.95 and 0.78, respectively).
Conclusions
The DSM-5 definition of ASD maximizes diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the SEED2 sample. These findings support the DSM-5 conceptualization of ASD in preschool children.
Self-injurious behaviors (SIB) have been reported in more than 30 % of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in clinic-based studies. This study estimated the prevalence of SIB in a large ...population-based sample of children with ASD in the United States. A total of 8065 children who met the surveillance case definition for ASD in the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network during the 2000, 2006, and 2008 surveillance years were included. The presence of SIB was reported from available health and/or educational records by an expert clinician in ADDM Network. SIB prevalence averaged 27.7 % across all sites and surveillance years, with some variation between sites. Clinicians should inquire about SIB during assessments of children with ASD.
Abstract Background The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) is designed to enhance knowledge of autism spectrum disorder characteristics and etiologies. Objective This paper describes the ...demographic profile of enrolled families and examines sociodemographic differences between children with autism spectrum disorder and children with other developmental problems or who are typically developing. Methods This multi-site case-control study used health, education, and birth certificate records to identify and enroll children aged 2–5 years into one of three groups: 1) cases (children with autism spectrum disorder), 2) developmental delay or disorder controls, or 3) general population controls. Study group classification was based on sampling source, prior diagnoses, and study screening tests and developmental evaluations. The child's primary caregiver provided demographic characteristics through a telephone (or occasionally face-to-face) interview. Groups were compared using ANOVA, chi-squared test, or multinomial logistic regression as appropriate. Results Of 2768 study children, sizeable proportions were born to mothers of non-White race (31.7%), Hispanic ethnicity (11.4%), and foreign birth (17.6%); 33.0% of households had incomes below the US median. The autism spectrum disorder and population control groups differed significantly on nearly all sociodemographic parameters. In contrast, the autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay or disorder groups had generally similar sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusions SEED enrolled a sociodemographically diverse sample, which will allow further, in-depth exploration of sociodemographic differences between study groups and provide novel opportunities to explore sociodemographic influences on etiologic risk factor associations with autism spectrum disorder and phenotypic subtypes.
Pica, Autism, and Other Disabilities Fields, Victoria L; Soke, Gnakub N; Reynolds, Ann ...
Pediatrics,
02/2021, Letnik:
147, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Pica, the repeated ingestion of nonfood items, can be life-threatening. Although case reports describe pica in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disability (ID), there has ...been little systematic study of pica prevalence. We assessed pica in children 30 to 68 months of age (median = 55.4 months) with and without ASD.
Our sample from the Study to Explore Early Development, a multisite case-control study, included children with ASD (
= 1426), children with other developmental disabilities (DDs) (
= 1735), and general population-based controls (POPs) (
= 1578). We subdivided the ASD group according to whether children had ID and the DD group according to whether they had ID and/or some ASD characteristics. Standardized developmental assessments and/or questionnaires were used to define final study groups, subgroups, and pica. We examined pica prevalence in each group and compared ASD and DD groups and subgroups to the POP group using prevalence ratios adjusted for sociodemographic factors.
Compared with the prevalence of pica among POPs (3.5%), pica was higher in children with ASD (23.2%) and DD (8.4%), and in the following subgroups: ASD with ID (28.1%), ASD without ID (14.0%), DD with ID (9.7%), DD with ASD characteristics (12.0%), and DD with both ID and ASD characteristics (26.3%); however, pica prevalence was not elevated in children with DD with neither ID nor ASD characteristics (3.2%). Between-group differences remained after adjustment (adjusted prevalence ratio range 1.9-8.0, all
<.05).
Pica may be common in young children with ASD, ASD characteristics, and ID. These findings inform the specialized health care needs of these children.
This study evaluated developmental, psychiatric, and neurologic conditions among older siblings of children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to understand the extent of familial ...clustering of these diagnoses. Using data from the Study to Explore Early Development, a large multi-site case-control study, the analyses included 2,963 children aged 2-5 years with ASD, other developmental disabilities (DD group), and a population-based control group (POP). Percentages of index children with older siblings with select developmental, psychiatric, and neurologic conditions were estimated and compared across index child study groups using chi-square tests and multivariable modified Poisson regression. In adjusted analyses, children in the ASD group were significantly more likely than children in the POP group to have one or more older siblings with ASD, developmental delay, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, sensory integration disorder (SID), speech/language delays, or a psychiatric diagnosis (adjusted prevalence ratio aPR range: 1.4-3.7). Children in the DD group were significantly more likely than children in the POP group to have an older sibling with most of the aforementioned conditions, except for intellectual disability and psychiatric diagnosis (aPR range: 1.4-2.2). Children in the ASD group were significantly more likely than children in the DD group to have one or more older siblings with ASD, developmental delay, SID, or a psychiatric diagnosis (aPR range: 1.4-1.9). These findings suggest that developmental disorders cluster in families. Increased monitoring and screening for ASD and other DDs may be warranted when an older sibling has a DD diagnosis or symptoms.This study evaluated developmental, psychiatric, and neurologic conditions among older siblings of children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to understand the extent of familial clustering of these diagnoses. Using data from the Study to Explore Early Development, a large multi-site case-control study, the analyses included 2,963 children aged 2-5 years with ASD, other developmental disabilities (DD group), and a population-based control group (POP). Percentages of index children with older siblings with select developmental, psychiatric, and neurologic conditions were estimated and compared across index child study groups using chi-square tests and multivariable modified Poisson regression. In adjusted analyses, children in the ASD group were significantly more likely than children in the POP group to have one or more older siblings with ASD, developmental delay, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, sensory integration disorder (SID), speech/language delays, or a psychiatric diagnosis (adjusted prevalence ratio aPR range: 1.4-3.7). Children in the DD group were significantly more likely than children in the POP group to have an older sibling with most of the aforementioned conditions, except for intellectual disability and psychiatric diagnosis (aPR range: 1.4-2.2). Children in the ASD group were significantly more likely than children in the DD group to have one or more older siblings with ASD, developmental delay, SID, or a psychiatric diagnosis (aPR range: 1.4-1.9). These findings suggest that developmental disorders cluster in families. Increased monitoring and screening for ASD and other DDs may be warranted when an older sibling has a DD diagnosis or symptoms.
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