The introduction provides a brief overview of using trigonometric chains for determining meridian arc lengths in Europe, as well as their extension to trigonometric networks in order to produce ...contemporary accurate maps in France. After Ruđer Bošković had visited Croatian-Hungarian Queen and Roman-German Empress Maria Theresa, she ordered Jesuit Joseph Liesganig to survey the meridian from Brno (Soběšice), over Vienna and Graz to Varaždin by establishing and surveying a trigonometric chain. That distance amounts to 320 km, i.e. the difference between latitude of the starting and finishing points of the chain equaled 2° 56' 45.85''. Two baselines were measured directly between Wiener Neustadt and Neunkirchen of 6410.903 Vienna fathom (12 158.175 m) and between Seyring and Glizendorf in the Moravian field (Moravské pole, Marchfeld) of 6387.862 Vienna fathom (12 114.478 m). Liesganig published previous Vienna Meridian survey results in Philosophical Transactions in London in 1768 and the final results in Latin in Dimensio Graduum Meridiani Viennensis et Hungarici in 1770. His results were quickly criticized and subsequently subjected to validation. Trigonometric point Varaždin is the first and oldest trigonometric point in Croatia.
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The paper describes surveying a part of the meridian arc in Lapland (border of Sweden and Finland). The field team had great difficulty with the climate and terrain configuration. However, they ...managed to prove that the Earth is roughly shaped as a rotational ellipsoid and confirm theoretical assumptions on Newton and Huygens that the arc length of one meridian degree near a pole is greater than at smaller latitudes.
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The paper describes how the lengths of parts of the meridian arc were measured in Peru (modern-day Ecuador). The field teams encountered great difficulties, due to the climate conditions in which ...they had to work, and the configuration of the terrain. However, they succeeded in measuring extremely accurately the length of the meridian arc corresponding to the range of latitude 3°07'01'', and were thus able to conclude that the length of one degree of the meridian arc in Peru was equivalent to 56 749 toises (110 604 m). They also established that the shape of the Earth took the approximate form of a rotational ellipsoid, thus confirming the theoretical postulations of Newton and Huygens.
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Pierre François-André Méchain and Jean-Baptiste Joseph Delambre participated in measuring the Paris meridian arc length in order to determine length of the metre. Jean-Baptiste Biot and François ...Dominique Jean Arago worked on extending the meridian at a later date.
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A brief introduction is followed by description of the spread of the Paris meridian in France. Following is description of the survey of Paris meridian arc section lengths and production of ...contemporary maps of France: by Jean Picard, Philippe de la Hire, Jean-Dominique Cassini (Cassini I), Cassini II, Cassini III and Cassini IV.
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U uvodu je opisano kako su u posljednjih 30 godina smanjivane dimenzije GPS prijamnika od velikih dimenzija instrumenata do malih dimenzija u mobitelima. Pritom je znatno povećana i točnost GPS ...prijamnika, ali ipak nisu riješeni svi problemi. Na primjer u slučajevima kada se ne mogu primati GPS-signali koji su odaslani sa satelita, mogu se koristiti inercijski sustavi (žiroskopi i akcelerometri), koji za sada imaju relativno malu točnost. Kako bi se problemi riješili, Britansko ministarstvo obrane odlučilo je poboljšati te sustave financirajući projekte kojima se nastoje konstruirati točniji atomski interferometrijski žiroskopi i atomski akcelerometri, tj. atomski inercijski uređaji. Da bi to ostvarili primjenjuju snižavanje temperature pomoću tri para lasera u međusobno suprotnim smjerovima kao što je predloženo u otkriću za koje je dodijeljena Nobelova nagrada za fiziku 1997. godine. Osim toga, za to koriste Sagnacov i Ramanov efekt.
Prof. Dr. Predrag Terzić 1918–2012 Nikola Solarić; Drago Špoljarić
Kartografija i geoinformacije,
06/2012, Letnik:
11, Številka:
17
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Our highly estimated Prof. Dr. Predrag Terzić left us suddenly on Tuesday, the 10 April 2012. On Friday, the 20 April, we have escorted him to his final rest at the City cemetery Mirogoj. In the name ...of the Faculty of Geodesy,University of Zagreb, the dean, Prof. Miodrag Roić gave euology, and Prof. Nikola Solarić, one of his closest associates made a commemorative speech.
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The geographic position, climate and history of the island of Korčula are described in the introduction. The island was settled from the early Stone, Bronze and Iron Age. Illyrians, Greeks and Romans ...settled the island. The Greeks of Knidos established a settlement on the western part of the island, and the Greeks of Issa (today’s Vis) established a settlement on the eastern part of the island, probably near the place of today’s Lumbarda. The Lumbarda Psephisma was discovered on the neighbouring hill Koludrt near Lumbarda. The stone indicates the conclusion of the assembly to establish and distribute land parcels to colonists. The contract was made between the Greeks of Issa (Vis) and the domestic Illyrians at the beginning of the 4th or 3rd century BC. The Lumbarda Psephisma is written in Greek. This is one of the oldest written monuments in Croatia. At the same time, it is a monument about the distribution of land to the Greek colonists in Croatia. It is therefore also very significant to Croatian geodesists and jurists.
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U članku je dan povijesni pregled širenja znanja o magnetskim kompasima i njihova primjena u geodeziji, rudarskim mjerenjima i navigaciji na moru. Osim toga opisan je princip rada elektroničkoga ...kompasa, koji radi na principu magnetskog otpora ili Hallova efekta. Zatim je pojašnjen utjecaj magnetske indukcije izazvane Zemljinim magnetskim poljem u fizičkom tijelu automobila i način njegova kompenziranja. Na kraju je opisana integracija GPS-prijamnika, elektroničkoga kompasa i brojača okreta kotača automobila u suvremenoj navigaciji u automobilima.
The paper is a historical overview of beginnings of establishing trigonometric networks to determine the Earth's size and produce accurate maps. First, the book ''Five Books About All Kinds of ...Triangles'' from 1464 by Johannes Regiomontanus about existing trigonometry knowledge is described. This is followed by mention of Petrus Apianus and his book ''Cosmographicus Liber'' in which Reigner Gemma Frisius published his work in a supplement to a subsequent edition. In it, he proposed using trigonometric networks (triangulation) as an accurate method for determination of points on the Earth. It is little-known that the famous astronomer Tycho Brahe established a trigonometric network in Öresund, intending for it to become the foundation for producing a map of the entire Danish Empire. Unfortunately, he surveyed all required values in the trigonometric network, but did not calculate the trigonometric points' coordinates. Snellius (Willebrord Snel van Royen) was the first to establish a trigonometric network and calculate point coordinates and determined the Earth's size with the greatest accuracy of the time.
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