The genus Salvia has economic importance due to its broad uses in traditional medicine, perfume, food, and pharmaceutical industries. In the present work, various extracts and essential oils of ...Salvia urmiensis Bunge., were screened for their inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, the enzymes linked to neurodegeneration, and against α-amylase and α-glucosidase (involved in diabetes mellitus; DM). Chemical compositions of the essential oils of leaves and flowers of the plant were also determined. The tested samples exhibited moderate to high anti-diabetic potential (IC
50
= 8-145 µg/mL) and moderate anticholinesterase activity (IC
50
= 44-892 µg/mL). Essential oil of leaves was rich in ester compounds such as ethyl linoleate (19%), methyl hexadecanoate (17%), and methyl linoleate (7.5%). The major compound of essential oil of flowers was 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (55.7%). This is the first report on the enzyme inhibitory activity of S. urmiensis and also the chemical composition of its leaves and flowers in essential oils. The results indicated that S. urmiensis could be considered a valuable source for functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cytological studies on 4 Sterigmostemum species of St. ramosissim, um, St. incanum, St. sulphureum and St. acanthocarpum showed the presence of 2n=2x=14, out of which the chromosome number of St. ...ramosissimum is new. The chromosomes were mainly metacentric or sub-metacentric ranging in size from 2.62 μm in St. ramosissimum to 5.50 μm in St. sulphureum and St. acanthocarpum. The species studied formed mainly ring and rod bivalents as well as univalents in metaphase of meiosis I, but a low value of quadrivalents were formed in the Firoozkooh population of St. sulphoreum and the Tehran population of St. acanthocarpum possibly due to the occurrence of heterozygote translocations. Clustering and parsimony analysis of cytological data showed close affinity between St. incanum and St. sulphureum, supporting morphometric and seed protein studies results.
In this paper the variation in the quantity and quality of the essential oil of Salvia officinalis during its life cycle stages is reported. The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of air-dried ...samples. The yield of essential oil (w/w %) in different stages was in the order: floral budding (0.9%) > vegetative (0.7%) > flowering (0.5%) > immature fruit (0.4%) > ripen fruit (0.2%). The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In total, 36, 41, 40, 38, and 41 constituents were identified and quantified in the subsequent stages, respectively. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the main group of compounds in the fruiting set (56.9%), vegetative (48.5%), flowering (47.7%), and floral budding (45.3%) stage. 1,8-cineole as one of the major constituents of all samples was lower in the vegetative stage and gradually increased in subsequent harvesting times to reach a maximum in flowering and then decreased in the fruiting set. In contrast, the globulol content was higher in the first stage and decreased drastically during fruit maturation.
The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from two samples (GP1 and GP2) of Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The analysis of the oils resulted in the ...identification of twenty-two constituents. Linalool (79.0% - GP1, 81.8% - GP2) and limonene (10.0%, 5.8%) were found to be the major components, respectively. The in vitro antibacterial activities of these oils and their main compounds against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were investigated. The results exhibited that the total oils and their major components possess strong to moderate activities against all the tested bacteria except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The aerial parts of Salvia multicaulis, S. sclarea and S. verticillata were collected at full flowering stage. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by combination of ...capillary GC and GC-MS. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oils were studied against eight Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumulis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and three fungi (Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger). The results of antibacterial activity tests of the essential oils according to the disc diffusion method and MIC values indicated that all the samples have moderate to high inhibitory activity against the tested bacteria except for P. aeruginosa which was totally resistant. In contrast to antibacterial activity, the oils exhibited no or slight antifungal property, in which only the oil of S. multicaulis showed weak activity against two tested yeasts, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae
Dracocephalum kotschyi is one of the medicinal and fragrant herbs that can be found in natural locations of mountainous areas. In this investigation the hydrodistilled essential oils obtained from ...aerial parts of two populations of D. kotschyi collected from Siahbisheh and Baladeh were analysed by capillary GC-FID and GC-MS. Essential oil analysis led to the identification of 48 compounds that represented 85.9 and 90.0% of the total oil compositions, respectively. As the major group of compounds, oxygenated monoterpens comprised 45.5 and 57.4% in the essential oils of compounds as the main group in the essential oils of Siahbisheh and Baladeh samples, respectively. Disagreement in the major contents of the essential oils of these two samples may be ascribed to differences in the ecological, climatic and genetically factors.
An expanded phylogenetic reconstruction based on the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (nrDNA ITS) in conjunction with a multivariate statistical analysis of morphological ...characters revealed a new species and the re-acknowledgement of another one in
Sclerorhachis
(Compositae, Anthemideae). The newly revealed species,
Sclerorhachis ferdowsii
, has been previously included in the so-called
S
.
platyrachis-
complex, but is easily distinguished as an independent species by its rhizomatous root system, sparsely paleate receptacles, coronate and costate achenes, the relatively smaller size of the capitula, and the smaller habit of the whole plant. Additionally, morphological and molecular data corroborated
S
.
paropamisica
as a distinct species rather than being conspecific with
S
.
platyrachis
. With these newly acknowledged taxa, the number of species in
Sclerorhachis
is now expanded to eight. A detailed morphological description, an illustration, and distribution maps for
S. ferdowsii
, along with an identification key for all species of
Sclerorhachis,
are provided.
The composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Levisticum
officinale Koch. at different developmental stages (flower, immature fruit,
green mature fruit and ripened fruit) is ...reported. The essential oils were
obtained by hydrodistillation of air-dried samples and their antibacterial
activities were tested against seven bacteria. The yield of oil (w/w %) in
different stages was in the order: immature fruit (1.5 %) > green mature
fruit (1.0 %) > ripened fruit (0.6 %) > flower (0.1 %). The essential oils
were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In total, 27, 31, 28 and 26 constituents were
identified and quantified in the mentioned samples, respectively. Monoterpene
hydrocarbons were the main group of compounds in the green mature fruit (79.2
%), immature fruit (78.4 %), ripened fruit (75.2 %) and flower (44.0 %). The
antibacterial activity of the oils was evaluated by the disk diffusion method
using M?ller-Hinton agar and determination of inhibition zones. The results
of the bioassays showed some variations between the three tested oils in
their inhibitory activity against the tested bacteria at a 10 ?l disc-1
concentration. The oils from mature and ripened fruit exhibited potent
antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, with minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) values of 0.90 mg ml-1 in mature and ripen fruits.
nema
•Ruscus hyrcanus is a rich source of medicinally important steroidal saponins.•Genetic structure of Ruscus hyrcanys populations was studied for the first time.•ISSR markers showed a significant ...difference among the twelve studied populations.•The most genetic diversity was intra-populational (Hs = 0.17).•The populations of RH6 and RH9 showed high pharmaceutical potential for further exploitation.
Ruscus hyrcanus Woronow a commercially important ornamental and medicinal plant belonging to the Asparagaceae family, has various applications in Iranian traditional medicine due to its diuretic, appetizing, cathartic, vasoconstrictor, anti-hemorrhage, ant-nephritis, anti-infection, aperient and anti-varicose properties. In the present study, morphological, phytochemical and molecular markers were investigated in twelve R. hyrcanus (RH) populations collected from the Hyrcanian ecoregion in the north of Iran. Phytochemical characteristics were remarkably variable among the studied populations, but little morphological variation was observed. The highest contents of ruscogenin and neoruscogenin in the underground parts of the plant were recorded in populations RH9 (Abbasabad 3.41 mg/g DW) and RH6 (Darab Kola 1.44 mg/g DW), respectively. A total of 66 bands were obtained from 11 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, 62 (93.94 %) of which were polymorphic. Although the ISSR evaluation indicated an inter-population genetic differentiation (GST = 0.27), most of the genetic diversity was intra-populational (PPB = 32.26–75.81 %, He = 0.11−0.24, I = 0.17−0.36). A UPGMA cluster analysis of 120 samples of R. hyrcanus was carried out to categorize the studied populations, based on a molecular data matrix calculated with Jaccard’s similarity coefficient. A multiple regression analysis of the relationships between the ISSR bands and morphological and phytochemical traits demonstrated that eight ISSR fragments were related to ruscogenin in the plant materials. Several ISSR markers showed association with some morphological traits. This study provided the comprehensive preliminary data on morphological, phytochemical, and genetic characteristics of R. hyrcanus populations in order to exploit genetic reserves conservation programs.
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