Accelerative effect of SOO on infected wound healing; (A) by inhibition in bacteria colonization and growth, (B) by up-regulating the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as pro-inflammatory cytokines ...and modulating tissue inflammation. (C) by raising the TAC level and reduced MDA content. (D) by up-regulating the VEGF and FGF-2 expression improves the angiogenesis and fibroblasts migrating, respectively. All these alterations resulted in improved collagen biosynthesis and re-epithelialization.
Display omitted
•SOO inhibited bacteria colonization and growth at wound tissue.•SOO enhanced VEGF expression and improved the angiogenesis.•SOO enhanced FGF-2 expression and improved fibroblasts migration.•SOO accelerated collagen biosynthesis and re-epithelialization.•SOO up-regulates the cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 expressions and accelerated cell prolifration.
Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is known to have antibacterial properties possibly conducive to the healing process of infected wounds.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of an ointment containing Salvia officinalis essential oil (SOO) on an infected wound model.
Essential oil hydrodistillated from the dried leaves of the plant was analyzed by GC-FID and GC–MS. After creating two full-thickness cutaneous wounds, mice were classified into four groups, control, and animals treated with 2 % mupirocin® (standard positive drug), and 2 % and 4 % (w/w) of SOO. In order to evaluate the effects of SOO on the wound healing phases, the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclin-D1, Bcl-2, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry analysis, tissue total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were further assessed in all groups.
Concerning essential oil, the main compounds were found to be cis-thujone (26.8 %), camphor (16.4 %), trans-thujone (14.1 %) and 1,8-cineole (10.8 %). Our findings showed that the topical application of SOO was able to shorten the inflammatory phase and accelerate the cellular proliferation, re-vascularization, collagen deposition and re-epithelialization in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, increased mRNA levels of FGF-2 and VEGF, and up-regulation of cyclin-D1 and Bcl-2 were observed following the topical application of SOO compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were reduced in animals treated with SOO on days 3, 7 and 14 (p < 0.05).
Administration of SOO increased the TAC level and reduced the MDA content and levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. It is concluded that SOO is able to accelerate the wound healing process by regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and antioxidant properties.
The cyanobacterial species used in this study were collected from medicinal plant beds and were cultured using nitrate free BG-11 medium. As heterocystous cyanobacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen and ...some of them additionally produce phytohormones, we hypothesized that using a suspension of beneficial cyanobacterial species in the soil of the plant might enhance its growth and would probably also affect the essential oil of this plant. Based on a seedling growth test, the cyanobacterial species
Nostoc carneum
,
Wollea vaginicola
and
Nostoc punctiforme
were selected for a pot trial. A glasshouse experiment with seven replicates was designed to evaluate the effects of the cyanobacterial suspensions on
Matricaria chamomilla
L. growth and essential oil production. The cyanobacterial suspensions were applied 15 days after planting. Fifty days after flowering the plants were harvested and the plant growth parameters were measured. Additionally, the chemical composition of soil samples from both the treatments and control pots were analyzed. All of the studied cyanobacterial suspensions had a significant effect on the weight of essential oil as well as on root growth. The chamazulene content of the essential oil in plants treated with
N. carneum
was 26.9% more than in the control. HPLC analysis revealed that the cyanobacterial species used in this experiment were able to produce plant growth–promoting hormones such as indole 3-acetic acid, indole 3-propionic acid and indole 3-butyric acid. There was a significant positive correlation between cyanobacterial IAA and all of the growth factors, as well as some constituents of the essential oil.
Accelerative effect of topical administration of DEO on infected wound healing; (A) DEO by up-regulating the FGF-2 and VEGF expression enhances the angiogenesis and fibroblasts distribution, ...respectively. That in turn enhances the vascularization and cellularity at early stages of the healing process. On day 8 after wound induction (B) the DEO by up-regulating the ERα expression increases the bcl-2 mRNA level and protein biosynthesis, which reduces the p53 expression and biosynthesis. All these alterations result in accelerated fibroblast proliferation that finally elevates the collagen biosynthesis as well as dermal maturation. The elevated bcl-2 expression enhances the epithelial cells proliferation and ultimately shortens the re-epithelialization.
Display omitted
•DEO, exerted antibacterial impact against MRS.•DEO, shortened inflammation and promoted cellularity.•DEO significantly up-regulated VGEF and FGF-2 expression.•DEO ameliorated bcl-2, p53 and caspase III expression.•DEO provoked angiogenesis by enhancing ERα expression.
Medicinal plants are conventionally used for wound healing, but their action mechanisms are still unknown. The present study evaluated the effect of topical administration of ointment containing dill (Anethum graveolens) essential oil (DEO) in the management of apoptosis and cell proliferation during MRSA-infected experimentally induced wound healing process in BALB/c mice model. The GC-FID and GC-MS techniques were used to analyze chemical composition of the essential oil. The mice were randomly divided into four treatment groups including negative control (sham), 2% and 4% DEO and mupirocin®-treated animals. The full-thickness excisional wounds were inoculated by 5 × 107 colony-forming units of MRSA. In order to assess the effect of different concentrations of DEO on wounds infection, wound area, bacterial count, histopathological, immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analysis were evaluated. The GC-MS analysis identified α-phellandrene (47.3%), p-cymene (18.5%) and carvone (14.1%) as the main compounds of the essential oil tested here. Administration of DEO prevented bacterial growth and also reduced wound area in comparison to the control group. Topical administration of DEO significantly reduced the inflammatory phase and accelerated re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, fibroblast and collagen deposition. Moreover, the DEO-treated animals exhibited higher expressions of Bcl-2, p53 caspase-3, VEGF and FGF-2 in comparison to the control and mupirocin®-treated groups (P < 0.05). Topical administration of DEO decreases the inflammatory phase by increasing p53 and caspases-3 expression. It triggers the proliferative phase by up-regulation of the Bcl-2, VEGF and FGF-2 expression and also up-regulates the collagen biosynthesis by enhancing the ERα expression level. Thus, ointment prepared from dill essential oil, in Iran, with its major compounds such as α-phellandrene, p-cymene and carvone can be used as an agent for accelerating the infected wound healing.
Zataria multiflora Boiss (Lamiaceae) essential oil (ZME) is believed to be a bactericide herbal medicine and might alleviate negative effects of infection.
This study evaluates the effects of an ...ointment prepared from ZME (ZMEO) on infected wounds.
A full-thickness excisional skin wound was surgically created in each mouse and inoculated with 5 × 10
7
suspension containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The BALB/c mice (n = 72) were divided into four groups: (1) negative control that received base ointment (NCG), (2) positive control that daily received Mupirocin
®
(MG), (3) therapeutic ointment containing 2% ZMEO and (4) therapeutic ointment containing 4% ZMEO, for 21 days. Wound contraction, total bacterial count, histopathological parameters, antioxidant activity, qRT-PCR analysis for expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, VEGF, IGF-1, TGF-β, IL-10, and FGF-2 mRNA levels were assessed on days 3, 7, and 14 following the wounding.
Topical administration of ZMEO significantly decreased the total bacterial count and wound area and also expression of IL-1β and TNF-α compared to the control groups (p < 0.05) in all days. This could also increase significantly the expression of TGF-β, IL-10 IGF-1, FGF-2, and VEGF, and also angiogenesis, fibroblasts, fibrocytes, epithelialization ratio, and collagen deposition and improve antioxidant status compared to the control group (p < 0.05).
ZMEO accelerated the healing process of infected wounds by shortening the inflammatory factors and increasing proliferative phase. Applying ZMEO only and/or in combination with chemical agents for the treatment of wound healing could be suggested.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Display omitted
•The synthesized CMC/PA/Cit-NLPs exhibited good biocompatibility.•CMC/PA/Cit-NLPs decreased bacterial growth in a MRSA-infected excision wound model.•CMC/PA/Cit-NLPs modulated of ...inflammatory responses through reducing the expression levels of NF-Kb.•CMC/PA/Cit-NLPs upregulated the fibroblast cells infiltration and collagen type 1A biosynthesis.•CMC/PA/Cit-NLPs accelerated the healing of MRSA-infected excision wound model.
Citral (Cit) and Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)/polyamide (PA) are known to have antibacterial properties and can be used for healing infected wounds, but their advantages are faced with limitations owing to their structures. Using nanoliposomes (NLPs) for covering Cit and CMC/PA is a good strategy to overcome their limitations. This study evaluates the in vitro antibacterial properties and wound healing activity of NLPs containing Cit and CMC/PA in infected full-thickness wounds in a mouse model. A facile method was used to produce Cit-NLPs, CMC/PA/NLPs, and CMC/PA/Cit-NLPs. Structural properties, in vitro, the release of Cit, in vitro antibacterial properties, and cytotoxicity were investigated. The prepared NLPs were mixed with basal ointment and used to treat the infected wounds. Wound rate, histopathological assessment by immunofluorescence staining were also investigated. A slow-release for Cit-NLPs and insignificant toxicity were found. Under in vitro conditions, NLPs showed better antibacterial activities in higher dilutions. The prepared ointments increased the expression of COL1A, IL-10 and SIRT6, and decreased the expression of NF-κB and total bacterial count compared to basal ointment (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results revealed that CMC/PA/Cit-NLPs have potential as a therapy for infected full-thickness wounds and clinical studies can be suggested.
Ni–Al bronze (NAB) was coated with Stellite-6 through gas-fueled high-velocity oxyfuel spraying. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed the accumulation of Tungsten-rich particles at the ...substrate-coating interface. These areas played an important role in the enhancement of the mechanical properties of the coating. The coating hardness increased 5 times with respect to the substrate one. The tribological analysis of the coating was done via pin on disk method. Results showed that abrasive wear is the dominant mechanism for the substrate; on the contrary, delamination is the dominant wear mechanism in the coating. The corrosion performance of bare and coated alloy was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The corrosion potential of coated sample increases in comparison with bare alloy, corrosion current density decreases from 3.91 to 1.82 µA/cm
2
and the capacitive resistance is much larger.
Graphic abstract
An efficient in vitro protocol was introduced for the conservation of
Nepeta asterotricha
, a vulnerable and endangered medicinal species found in the central of Iran for the first time. Growth, ...phytochemical, and biological traits of in vitro regenerated plant (RP) and acclimated plant (AP) were compared to the mother plant (MP). In addition, the genetic stability of AP was assessed by using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. The highest number of lateral branches (4.25) was obtained from the medium with 3 mg/mL kinetin (KIN), while the highest length of lateral branches (13.25 cm) was achieved on the medium culture fortified with 3 mg/mL thidiazuron (TDZ) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The highest number of leaves (20.25) and main branch length (12.25 cm) were obtained from the medium containing 3 mg/mL TDZ. The highest number of roots (46.25) and root length (2.25 cm) was measured from the medium fortified with 1 mg/mL indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.6 mg/mL indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), respectively. RP was successfully acclimated (85%) in vivo. Molecular analysis showed that the AP was true to the type of the MP.
cis
-Sabinene hydrate (26.8–57.7), 1,8-cineole (6.2–24.1), 4aα,7β,7aα-nepetalactone (4.1–12.3), and terpinene-4-ol (3.2–15.0) were the major essential oils compounds. The studied samples contained rosmarinic acid (2.55–5.97 mg/g DW), cichoric acid (1.68–12.7 mg/g DW), chlorogenic acid (1.91–64.21 mg/g DW), rutin (0.59–1.09 mg/g DW), apigenin (0.52–0.72 mg/g DW), betulinic acid (0.17–2.20 mg g DW), oleanolic acid (0.84–5.37 mg/g DW) and ursolic acid (3.46–15.70 mg/g DW). Acclimated plant exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC
50
= 196.4 μg/mL), while the methanolic extract of MP displayed the highest antibacterial activity (MIC = 8 mg/mL) against
Staphylococcus aureus
.
This study was undertaken to determine the total quantity of phenolic and flavonoids, as well as to find out about the HPLC quantification of some individual phenolic compounds (i.e. chlorogenic ...acid, vitexin 2"-O-rhamnoside, vitexin, rutin, hyperoside, quercetin, and isoquercetin) in flowers and leaves of 56 samples of different hawthorn species (Crataegus spp.) collected from different geographical regions of Iran. The amount of total phenolics ranges from 7.21 to 87.73 mg GAE/g in dry weight of the plant, and the total amount of flavonoids varied amongst species and in different plant organs ranging from 2.27 to 17.40 mg/g dry weight. Chlorogenic acid, vitexin, and vitexin 2"-O-rhamnoside were found to be the most abundant phenolic compounds in the extracts of hawthorn leaves. Meanwhile, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, and rutin were the most abundant phenolic compounds in the extracts of hawthorn flowers in most genotypes. The antioxidant activity widely varied in species and in different organs of each individual plant, ranging from 0.9 to 4.65 mmol Fe
++
/g DW plant, calculated through the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. Thus, this could provide valuable data for developing breeding strategies and plans; it can also help us in selecting genotypes with high phenolic contents for producing natural antioxidants and other bioactive compounds beneficial for food or the pharmaceutical industries.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Context: Cinnamomum verum J. Presl. (Lauraceae) has a high number of polyphenols with insulin-like activity, increases glucose utilization in animal muscle, and might be beneficial for diabetic ...patients.
Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of an ointment prepared from Cinnamomum verum hydroethanolic extract on wound healing in diabetic mice.
Materials and methods: A total of 54 male BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: (1) diabetic non-treated group mice that were treated with soft yellow paraffin, (2 and 3) mice that were treated with 5 and 10% C. verum. Two circular full-thickness excisional wounds were created in each mouse, and the trial lasted for 16 d following induction of the wound. Further evaluation was made on the wound contraction ratio, histopathology parameters and mRNA levels of cyclin D1, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde of granulation tissue contents. HPLC apparatus was utilized to identify the compounds.
Results: The HPLC data for cinnamon hydroethanolic extract identified cinnamaldehyde (11.26%) and 2-hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde (6.7%) as the major components. A significant increase was observed in wound contraction ratio, fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, re-epithelialization and keratin biosynthesis in the C. verum-treated groups in comparison to the diabetic non-treated group (p < 0.05). The expression level of cyclin D1, IGF1, GLUT 1 and antioxidant capacity increased in the C. verum-treated groups in comparison to the diabetic non-treated group (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Topical administration of C. verum accelerated wound healing and can possibly be employed in treating the wounds of diabetic patients.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Low stacking fault energy alloys often exhibit low ductility. However, sometimes these alloys show unusual mechanical behavior following specific processing parameters. In this study, a low stacking ...fault energy α+β brass was processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at 350 °C in ‘route C’ through three passes. Room temperature tensile testing showed that ductility, surprisingly, reached ~80%, whilst good tensile strength was maintained. Investigation of alloy microstructure revealed a combination of deformation mechanisms, including slip and twinning, accompanied by grain boundary serration and grain fragmentation. It is suggested that these deformation modes triggered these unexpected mechanical properties in this intrinsically brittle alloy. The required energy for discontinuous recrystallization was supplied after only one pass in the α phase, and three passes in the β phase, which then prompted good ductility. In order to study texture evolution, the macro-texture was measured. A high fraction of recrystallized grains and change in strain path fostered the development of Goss, Rotated Goss and Rotated Cube components in the α phase. While in the β phase {011} and Goss components were dominant. Despite the high Schmid factor, Hall-Petch effects and work hardening led to increase of strength and hardness after the final pass.
PDF
