In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have critical regulatory roles in cancer biology. However, the contributions of lncRNAs to hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related ...hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unknown. Differentially expressed lncRNAs between HBV‐related HCC and paired peritumoral tissues were identified by microarray and validated using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Liver samples from patients with HBV‐related HCC were analyzed for levels of a specific differentially expressed lncRNA High Expression In HCC (termed lncRNA‐HEIH); data were compared with survival data using the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared between groups by the log‐rank test. The effects of lncRNA‐HEIH were assessed by silencing and overexpressing the lncRNA in vitro and in vivo. The expression level of lncRNA‐HEIH in HBV‐related HCC is significantly associated with recurrence and is an independent prognostic factor for survival. We also found that lncRNA‐HEIH plays a key role in G0/G1 arrest, and further demonstrated that lncRNA‐HEIH was associated with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and that this association was required for the repression of EZH2 target genes. Conclusions: Together, these results indicate that lncRNA‐HEIH is an oncogenic lncRNA that promotes tumor progression and leads us to propose that lncRNAs may serve as key regulatory hubs in HCC progression. (HEPATOLOGY 2011
•Differences in major chemical constituents existed in different dark teas.•Dark tea promoted gastrointestinal transit in normal mice.•Dark tea restored antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of intestinal ...microflora.
Processing of dark tea varieties, such as Fu brick tea, Liupao tea, Qianliang tea, and Qing brick tea, includes solid-state fermentation involving microorganisms. In this study, we analyzed the major chemical constituents of dark tea extracts and evaluated their modulatory effect on the gastrointestinal function in normal mice, including the improvement of gastrointestinal transit and intestinal microbial, as well as the attenuation of intestinal microbial dysbiosis and intestinal pathological damage, and the adjustment of immune function in antibiotic-treated mice. Substantial differences in major chemical constituents, including total polyphenols, total organic acids, water extract content, 18 free amino acids, gallic acid, and six tea catechins, were observed among Fu brick tea, Qianliang tea, Qing brick tea, and Liupao tea extracts. Extracts from the four dark tea varieties significantly promoted gastrointestinal transit and colonization of beneficial Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and inhibited the growth of harmful Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in normal mice. In addition, Qianliang tea, Qing brick tea, and Liupao tea extracts significantly accelerated the reversal of the ampicillin sodium-induced pathological damage in the ileum, intestinal bacterial dysbiosis (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, E. coli, and Enterococcus), and low immunity.
Main conclusion
CsNAC086 was found to promote the expression of
CsFLS
, thus promoting the accumulation of flavonols in
Camellia sinensis.
Flavonols, the main flavonoids in tea plants, play an ...important role in the taste and quality of tea. In this study, a NAC TF gene
CsNAC086
was isolated from tea plants and confirmed its regulatory role in the expression of flavonol synthase which is a key gene involved in the biosynthesis of flavonols in tea plant. Yeast transcription-activity assays showed that CsNAC086 has self-activation activity. The transcriptional activator domain of CsNAC086 is located in the non-conserved C-terminal region (positions 171–550), while the conserved NAC domain (positions 1–170) does not have self-activation activity. Silencing the
CsNAC086
gene using antisense oligonucleotides significantly decreased the expression of
CsFLS
. As a result, the concentration of flavonols decreased significantly. In overexpressing
CsNAC086
tobacco leaves, the expression of
NtFLS
was significantly increased. Compared with wild-type tobacco, the flavonols concentration increased. Yeast one-hybrid assays showed CsNAC086 did not directly regulate the gene expression of
CsFLS
. These findings indicate that CsNAC086 plays a role in regulating flavonols biosynthesis in tea plants, which has important implications for selecting and breeding of high-flavonols-concentration containing tea-plant cultivars.
All fluorescence white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are an attractive route to realize highly efficient and high color ...quality white light sources. However, harvesting triplet excitons in these devices remains a formidable challenge, particularly for WOLEDs involving conventional fluorescent emitters. Herein, we report a universal design strategy based on a co-host system and a cascaded exciton transfer configuration. The co-host system furnishes a broad and charge-balanced exciton generation zone, which simultaneously endows the devices with low efficiency roll-off and good color stability. A yellow TADF layer is put forward as an intermediate sensitizer layer between the blue TADF light-emitting layer (EML) and the red fluorescence EML, which not only constructs an efficient cascaded Förster energy transfer route but also blocks the triplet exciton loss channel through Dexter energy transfer. With the proposed design strategy, three-color all fluorescence WOLEDs reach a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 22.4% with a remarkable color rendering index (CRI) of 92 and CIE coordinates of (0.37, 0.40). Detailed optical simulation confirms the high exciton utilization efficiency. Finally, by introducing an efficient blue emitter 5Cz-TRZ, a maximum EQE of 30.1% is achieved with CIE coordinates of (0.42, 0.42) and a CRI of 84 at 1000 cd m
−2
. These outstanding results demonstrate the great potential of all fluorescence WOLEDs in solid-state lighting and display panels.
A universal design strategy based on a co-host system and a cascaded exciton transfer configuration is proposed to realize highly efficient all fluorescence white organic light-emitting diodes with high color rendering index.
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•The quality of tea was evaluated by internal quality components and volatiles composition under different roasting conditions.•The electronic nose combined with GC–MS were used to ...analyze and identify aromas and odors changes during Tieguanyin baking.•Sensory evaluation and electronic nose technology were used to assess baking quality.•The baking process was monitored to find a better baking conditions and quality.
Roasting is extremely important for Tieguanyin oolong tea production because it strongly affects its chemical composition and sensory quality. In addition, there were significant differences in the preference for roasted tea among different people. However, the effect of roasting degree on the aroma characteristics and flavor quality of Tieguanyin tea is still unclear. To further study this, an electronic nose combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to monitor the baking process of Tieguanyin. The physicochemical indexes, sensory quality, and odor characteristics of the tea leaves subjected to different roasting conditions were measured. The increase in the roasting degree caused a decrease in the amount of taste substances such as tea polyphenols, catechins, and amino acids and a sharp increase in the phenol to ammonia ratio. Sensory evaluation results showed that moderate roasting could help improve the quality of the tea leaves. The results obtained using the electronic nose and GC–MS showed that there were substantial differences in the volatile substances, and 103 flavor compounds were highly correlated with the aroma characteristics of roasted tea with different roasting degrees. In addition, the electronic nose combined with various classification models could better distinguish tea leaves with different roasting degrees. Among them, the accuracy of the RF training set and prediction set reached>98.44%. The results of this study will aid in comprehensively monitoring the effects of the baking process on the flavor, chemical composition, and aroma of Tieguanyin as well as in distinguishing Tieguanyin tea leaves with different qualities.
Dying-back degeneration of motor neuron axons represents an established feature of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) associated with superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutations, but ...axon-autonomous effects of pathogenic SOD1 remained undefined. Characteristics of motor neurons affected in FALS include abnormal kinase activation, aberrant neurofilament phosphorylation, and fast axonal transport (FAT) deficits, but functional relationships among these pathogenic events were unclear. Experiments in isolated squid axoplasm reveal that FALS-related SOD1 mutant polypeptides inhibit FAT through a mechanism involving a p38 mitogen activated protein kinase pathway. Mutant SOD1 activated neuronal p38 in mouse spinal cord, neuroblastoma cells and squid axoplasm. Active p38 MAP kinase phosphorylated kinesin-1, and this phosphorylation event inhibited kinesin-1. Finally, vesicle motility assays revealed previously unrecognized, isoform-specific effects of p38 on FAT. Axon-autonomous activation of the p38 pathway represents a novel gain of toxic function for FALS-linked SOD1 proteins consistent with the dying-back pattern of neurodegeneration characteristic of ALS.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Rapid, robust virus-detection techniques with ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity are required for the outbreak of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute ...respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we report that the femtomolar concentrations of single-stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) of SARS-CoV-2 trigger ordering transitions in liquid crystal (LC) films decorated with cationic surfactant and complementary 15-mer single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) probe. More importantly, the sensitivity of the LC to the SARS ssRNA, with a 3-bp mismatch compared to the SARS-CoV-2 ssRNA, is measured to decrease by seven orders of magnitude, suggesting that the LC ordering transitions depend strongly on the targeted oligonucleotide sequence. Finally, we design a LC-based diagnostic kit and a smartphone-based application (app) to enable automatic detection of SARS-CoV-2 ssRNA, which could be used for reliable self-test of SARS-CoV-2 at home without the need for complex equipment or procedures.
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Detection of ssRNA of SARS-CoV-2 using surfactant-laden liquid crystal (LC) filmsPrecise detection of nucleotide sequence with high selectivity and sensitivityDevelop LC-based diagnostic kit for naked-eye detection of SARS-CoV-2 ssRNADevelop a smartphone application (app) to enable automatic detection of SARS-CoV-2 ssRNA
Xu et al. report that surfactant-laden liquid crystal (LC) films can detect ssRNA of SARS-CoV-2 with high selectivity and sensitivity. Combing polarized light microscopy work principle and machine learning technology, a LC-based diagnostic kit and a smartphone-based application (app) are developed to enable automatic detection of SARS-CoV-2 ssRNA.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and inflammation, and the pathogenic mechanism of NAFLD is poorly understood. Ubiquitin‐specific ...peptidase 10 (USP10), a member of the ubiquitin‐specific protease family, is involved in environmental stress responses, tumor growth, inflammation, and cellular metabolism. However, the role of USP10 in hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and inflammation remains largely unexplored. USP10 expression was detected in livers of patients with NAFLD, mice with high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity, and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice, as well as in palmitate‐induced hepatocytes. The function of USP10 in hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and inflammation was investigated using hepatocyte‐specific USP10 deficiency or overexpression in mice induced by HFD treatment or genetic defect. The molecular mechanisms underlying USP10‐regulated hepatic steatosis were further investigated in HFD‐treated mice. USP10 expression was significantly decreased in the fatty livers of NAFLD patients and obese mice and in palmitate‐treated hepatocytes. USP10 deficiency exacerbated the metabolic dysfunction induced by HFD treatment for 12 weeks. Conversely, USP10 overexpression significantly suppressed metabolic dysfunction in mice after HFD treatment and inhibited the development of NAFLD in ob/ob mice. Further investigation indicated that USP10 regulates hepatic steatosis by interacting with Sirt6 and inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation. Sirt6 overexpression markedly ameliorated the effects of USP10 deficiency in hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Conversely, Sirt6 deficiency decreased the ameliorative effects of USP10 overexpression in response to HFD treatment. Conclusion: USP10 inhibits hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and inflammation through Sirt6.
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•Dusp14 has an important role in hepatic I/R injury.•Dusp14 interacts with Tak1 to protect against hepatic I/R injury.•The Dusp14-Tak1-Jnk1/2 regulatory axis is important for the ...pathogenesis of hepatic I/R injury.
Hepatic ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is characterised by severe inflammation and extensive cell death. Multiple signalling pathways, including NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), have important roles in this process. Identifying the unknown critical regulators of these signalling pathways could provide potential targets for therapeutic application. Dual-specificity phosphatase 14 (DUSP14) acts as a negative regulator of NF-κB signalling. However, its function in hepatic I/R injury is unknown.
Hepatocyte-specific Dusp14 knockout (HKO) and transgenic (TG) mice were subjected to hepatic I/R surgery to examine Dusp14 function in vivo. Primary hepatocytes isolated from Dusp14-HKO and Dusp14-TG mice were cultured and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation insult in vitro. Inflammatory cytokine production was measured using quantitative reverse transcription PCR and ELISA. Liver damage was analysed using histopathology. Co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays followed by Western blot were performed to detect Dusp14 and transforming growth factor (Tgf)-β-activated kinase 1 (Tak1) interactions.
Dusp14 was significantly downregulated in liver tissues from liver transplantation patients and mice subjected to hepatic I/R surgery. Dusp14-HKO and Dusp14-TG mouse models demonstrated that Dusp14 reduced cell death, ameliorated inflammation, and promoted hepatocyte proliferation and/or regeneration. Dusp14 also suppressed NF-κB and MAPK signalling via a physical interaction with Tak1, leading to its subsequent inhibition. Tak1 inhibition by 5Z-7-ox abolished Dusp14 function in vivo, indicating that TAK1 is required for Dusp14 function in hepatic I/R injury. Finally, mutant Dusp14 lost the ability to bind Tak1 and failed to protect against hepatic I/R injury.
Dusp14 is a protective factor in hepatic I/R injury, and the Dusp14-Tak1-Jnk1/2 regulatory axis is important for the pathogenesis of hepatic I/R injury. Modulation of this axis could be a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent or interfere with this pathological process.
Reductions in the level of the protein Dusp14 are closely associated with liver damage caused by inadequate blood supply followed by restoration of blood flow to the liver. Dusp14 protects against liver damage by suppressing the activity of Tak1. Targeting Dusp14 could be a strategy for prevention and treatment of this disease.
A combination of microwave-vacuum (MWV) drying and freeze drying was investigated as potential means for drying carrot and apple chips. The sample was first dried by microwave-vacuum to dehydrate ...some amount of internal free water and then by freeze drying to a final moisture content of less than 7% (wet basis). Chemical properties (carotene and vitamin C retention) and physical properties (shrinkage, color, texture, and rehydration ratio) of carrot and apple slices dried by this method were evaluated and compared with those dried by freeze drying alone, MWV drying alone, and conventional hot air drying, respectively. The comparison showed that the carotene retention of carrot slices and the vitamin C retention of apple slices dried by the current method were close to those of freeze-dried carrot and apple slices and much better than those of conventional hot air-dried ones. The samples prepared by the current method exhibited very close rehydration capacity, color retention, and texture with those of the freeze-dried ones but with a little higher shrinkage. However, the samples still showed the attractive external appearance without marked warp.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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