In this work, a phase-field model is presented to characterize the breakdown properties of polymers under alternating voltage. The breakdown status is described with a spatially and time dependent ...continuous variable, and the evolution of damage phase is driven by the electrostatic and thermal energy in the system. The relationship between breakdown strength and material properties such as permittivity and dielectric loss can be represented with the phase-field model. For thermoplastic polyolefin with low permittivity and dielectric loss, the electric breakdown is probably the dominant mechanism at room temperature. For other polymers, the breakdown characteristics may be dominated by the electrothermal mechanism. The dielectric loss of polymers increases with temperature, which intensifies the thermal energy and further reduces the breakdown strength. Dielectric loss of polymers with high glass transition temperature increases slowly, and they can keep high breakdown strength at high temperatures.
Treatment of infected wounds remains a challenge owing to antibiotic resistance; thus, developing smart biomaterials for the healing of infected wounds is urgently needed. In this study, a ...microneedle (MN) patch system with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties is developed to promote and accelerate infected wound healing. In the MN patch (termed PFG/M MNs), a nanoparticle with polydopamine (PDA)‐loaded iron oxide is grafted with glucose oxidase (GOx) and hyaluronic acid (HA) and then integrated into the tips, and amine‐modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (AP‐MSNs) are incorporated into the bases. Results show that PFG/M MNs eradicate bacterial infections and modulate the immune microenvironment, combining the advantages of chemodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and M2 macrophage polarization from Fe/PDA@GOx@HA in the tips as well as anti‐inflammatory effect of AP‐MSNs from the MN bases. Thus, the PFG/M MN system is a promising clinical candidate for promoting infected wound healing.
A novel microneedle system with excellent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties is designed and developed. The microneedle system penetrates the bacterial biofilm to efficiently deliver nanomaterials. Under NIR laser irradiation, this system can be integrated into multiple treatment methods (chemodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunomodulation).
The manuscript proposes a fault diagnosis method based on graph neural network (GNN) with one-shot learning to effectively diagnose rolling bearings under variable operating conditions. In this ...proposed method, the convolutional neural network is utilized for feature extraction, reducing loss in the process. Subsequently, GNN applies an adjacency matrix to generate codes for one-shot learning. Experimental verification is conducted using open data from Case Western Reserve University Rolling Bearing Data Center, where four different working conditions with six types of typical faults are selected as input signals. The classification accuracy of the proposed method reaches 98.02%. To further validate its effectiveness, traditional single-learning neural networks such as Siamese, Matching Net, Prototypical Net and (Stacked Auto Encoder) SAE are introduced as comparisons. Simulation results that the proposed method outperforms all chosen methods.
Pumping ventilation, driven by periodic vortex shedding, can effectively improve the ventilation rate of single-sided ventilation. Previous studies on pumping ventilation mainly considered symmetric ...opening conditions, while the asymmetric opening distribution has not been well studied. Therefore, this study investigates the pumping ventilation of an isolated three-story building with asymmetric opening conditions using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) method with SST k-ω turbulent model is adopted to conduct the CFD simulations. The effects of horizontal translation distances, internal partitions, and inter-floor interference on time-averaged and fluctuating ventilation rates are investigated. The simulation results show that the mean ventilation rate is larger than the fluctuating ventilation rate. The mean ventilation rate increases while the fluctuating ventilation rate decreases with the increase of the horizontal translation distance. In addition, the internal partition decreases the pumping ventilation rate primarily by reducing the fluctuating ventilation rate rather than the mean ventilation rate. Furthermore, the ventilation rates of the 2nd floor are promoted by simultaneous pumping ventilation of the 1st and 3rd floors compared to the situation that only the 2nd floor is ventilated. The ventilation rates of the 1st floor are the largest, and of the 3rd floor are the lowest. The findings of this study benefit the deeper understanding of pumping ventilation and provide theoretical guidance on the opening designs of multi-story buildings for better ventilation efficiency.
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•Pumping ventilation with asymmetric opening has been studied.•Inter-floor interference on pumping ventilation are investigated.•The mean ventilation rate increases with the increase of the horizontal translation distance.•The fluctuating ventilation rate decreases with the increase of the horizontal translation distance.•The ventilation rate of the 2nd floor is promoted by pumping ventilation of the 1st and 3rd floors.
Rhododendron
(Ericaceae) not only has ornamental value, but also has great medicinal and edible values. Many
Rhododendron
species are native to acid soils where aluminum (Al) toxicity limits plant ...productivity and species distribution. However, it remains unknown how
Rhododendron
adapts to acid soils. Here, we investigated the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance in
Rhododendron yunnanense
Franch. We found that the shoots of
R. yunnanense
Franch did not accumulate Al after exposure of seedlings to 50 μM Al for 7 days but predominantly accumulated in roots, suggesting that root Al immobilization contributes to its high Al tolerance. Whole-genome
de novo
transcriptome analysis was carried out for
R. yunnanense
Franch root apex in response to 6 h of 50 μM Al stress. A total of 443,639 unigenes were identified, among which 1,354 and 3,413 were up- and down-regulated, respectively, by 6 h of 50 μM Al treatment. Both Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed that genes involved in “ribosome” and “cytoskeleton” are overrepresented. Additionally, we identified Al-tolerance homologous genes including a tonoplast-localized ABC transporter RyALS3; 1. Overexpression of RyALS3; 1 in tobacco plants confers transgenic plants higher Al tolerance. However, root Al content was not different between wild-type plants and transgenic plants, suggesting that RyALS3; 1 is responsible for Al compartmentalization within vacuoles. Taken together, integrative transcriptome, physiological, and molecular analyses revealed that high Al tolerance in
R. yunnanense
Franch is associated with ALS3; 1-mediated Al immobilization in roots.
A novel technique has been developed to increase γ-aminobutyric acid levels and enhance the quality of germinated brown rice (GBR) by ultrasound and enzyme treatment. The combined use of ultrasonic ...and enzyme treatments notably enhanced the germination rate of brown rice. Additionally, the γ-aminobutyric acid content substantially improved from 18.79 ± 1.87 mg/100 g to 38.60 ± 3.19 mg/100 g when compared to the untreated group. Moreover, the cracks produced on the GBR surface and disruption of the starch structure resulted in increased water absorption, shortening of cooking time, and reduction in GBR hardness, thereby improving the cooking and edible quality of GBR. Additionally, ultrasonic and enzyme treatments increased the amount of fast-digestible starch and enhanced starch digestibility. However, they had minimal impact on the crystal structure, degree of crystallinity, and heat energy changes during the starch pasting process of GBR.
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•Ultrasonic-enzyme treatment increases γ-aminobutyric acid levels.•Ultrasonic-enzyme treatment improves edible quality of germinated brown rice.•Ultrasonic-enzyme treatment destroys the cortex and starch structure.•Ultrasonic-enzyme treatment improves digestive property of germinated brown rice.
Smart heritage is still novel in heritage discourse, with a few relevant review articles. In this regard, a specific interpretation of smart architectural heritage and a framework for instructing its ...development is lacking. This article reviews the literature on smart heritage in sustainable development to fill the knowledge gap. As a methodology for this study, the integrative review approach and thematic analysis are adopted to review references located at the crossroads of historic, smart, and sustainable disciplines. The review and interpretation draw on literature from relevant fields to understand implementations, current states, and support to interpret smart heritage. Review outcomes indicate that smart heritage is becoming dynamic as technologies are increasingly applied to more detailed heritage branches. This article lists the factors that heritage should possess to be defined as smart, and it provides a framework that might be followed to achieve the aims of this discourse by stating that smart heritage discussions are relevant to smart cities, as they may have a mutual effect and interact to promote each other.
The European Union (EU) is developing the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to address carbon leakage in international trade. However, the EU has paid inadequate attention to input‒output ...linkages, specifically those in the steel, aluminum, and fertiliser industries. This study aims to identify priority sectors eligible for initial regulation within the emissions-intensive trade-exposed (EITE) industries based on input–output linkages and compare its impacts with the current CBAM sector coverage. This study constructs a Global Production Network (GPN) and Carbon Flow Network (CFN) to present the input trade and embodied carbon flows for the EITE industries. This study highlights the role of the EITE industries as influential nodes in the production network and how the EITE industries in the EU contribute to carbon emissions. To improve the economy and political acceptability, CABM should cover four priority sectors with low economic impacts but a crucial role in reducing emissions, such as plastics, phosphorus fertiliser, aluminum, and copper industry.
