Mild heat treatment enhances the ability of microorganisms to endure subsequent heat treatment and other environmental stresses by initiating the heat shock response (HSR). This study was conducted ...to determine the thermal resistance of foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Staphylococcus aureus) after various heat shock treatments (HSTs) (50 °C for 30, 60, and 120 min) to subsequent thermal treatment at 60 °C and to investigate the mechanism for the HSR of S. Typhimurium by assessing cellular damage and morphological changes. Heat-shocked (HS) S. Typhimurium treated at 50 °C for 120 min showed the greatest resistance against subsequent heat treatment at 60 °C. Results revealed that HST caused less membrane damage and less heat-induced injury in the presence of metabolic inhibitors, compared with non-heat-shocked (non-HS) cells during thermal treatment. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopic images showed increased death, rather than sublethal injury, in non-HS cells, whereas HST induced mainly sublethal injury during thermal treatment. Analysis of electron micrographs showed that the cytoplasm was the main cellular component damaged by HST. Additionally, HST cross-protected S. Typhimurium against 15% ethanol and 25% NaCl, but not against pH 2.5, 0.01% H2O2, or -20 °C and it also enhanced thermal resistance in foods tested. Therefore, the ability of HS S. Typhimurium to tolerate subsequent thermal treatment and environmental stresses and its altered behavior should be considered when developing microbial control measures for food processing.
•Heat-shock treatment greatly increased thermal resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium.•Heat-shock treatment reduced membrane damage and injury by subsequent heating.•Mainly injured cells were observed in subsequent heating of heat-shocked S. Typhimurium.•Heat-shock protects sublethal injury and death of S. Typhimurium by subsequent heating.•Heat-shock cross-protected S. Typhimurium against 15% ethanol and 25% NaCl.
Chiral inorganic nanomaterials have revealed opportunities in various fields owing to their strong light–matter interactions. In particular, chiral metal oxide nanomaterials that can control light ...and biochemical reactions have been highlighted due to their catalytic activity and biocompatibility. In this study, we present the synthesis of chiral cobalt oxide nanoparticles with a g-factor of 0.01 in the UV–visible region using l- and d-Tyr-Tyr-Cys ligands. The conformation of the Tyr-Tyr-Cys peptide on the nanoparticle surfaces was identified by 2D NMR spectroscopy analysis. In addition, the sequence effect of Tyr-Tyr-Cys developing chiral nanoparticles was analyzed. The revealed peptide structure, along with the experimental results, demonstrate the important role of the thiol group and carboxyl group of the Tyr-Tyr-Cys ligand in chirality evolution. Importantly, due to the magnetic properties of chiral cobalt oxide nanoparticles and their strong absorption in the UV region, the circular dichroism (CD) responses can be dramatically modulated under an external magnetic field.
OBJECTIVE:Acute kidney injury is a known major complication of liver transplantation. Previous reports have shown that hypoalbuminemia is associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury. ...However, little is known about the relationship between the early postoperative albumin level and acute kidney injury after living donor liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of the postoperative albumin level on acute kidney injury prevalence after living donor liver transplantation.
DESIGN:A retrospective analysis.
SETTING:A tertiary care university hospital.
PATIENTS:Nine hundred and ninety-eighty patients underwent living donor liver transplantation.
INTERVENTIONS:None.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:We divided the enrolled patients into two groupsgroup 1 included patients whose postoperative albumin level was less than 3.0 g/dL (n = 522), and group 2 included patients with an albumin level greater than or equal to 3.0 g/dL (n = 476). The prevalence of acute kidney injury, major adverse cardiac events, hospital stay, ICU stay, 30-day mortality, and overall mortality was analyzed using inverse probability of treatment weighting and propensity-score matching (n = 249 pairs) analysis. The prevalence of acute kidney injury was higher in group 1 defined by both Acute Kidney Injury Network (after adjusting for inverse probability of treatment weighting n = 364; 69.7% and propensity-score matching n = 152; 61.0%) and Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage kidney disease criteria (after adjusting for inverse probability of treatment weighting n = 419; 80.3% and propensity-score matching n = 190; 76.3%). The overall mortality was higher in group 1 after adjusting for inverse probability of treatment weighting (n = 61; 11.7%) and propensity-score matching (n = 23; 9.2%). The hospital (p < 0.001) and ICU (p = 0.006) stays were significantly prolonged in group 1. Acute kidney injury was associated with ICU stay by the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria (p = 0.034), and overall mortality was correlated with acute kidney injury by the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage kidney disease criteria (p = 0.014).
CONCLUSIONS:Early postoperative hypoalbuminemia is an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury, and postoperative acute kidney injury is related to postoperative ICU stay and overall mortality after living donor liver transplantation.
The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) has been reported to be associated with postoperative complications and prognosis in cancer surgery. However, few studies have evaluated the association between ...preoperative PNI and postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in colorectal cancer patients. This study evaluated association of preoperative PNI and postoperative AKI in patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery. This study retrospectively analyzed 3543 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery between June 2008 and February 2012. The patients were classified into four groups by the quartile of PNI: Q1 (≤43.79), Q2 (43.79–47.79), Q3 (47.79–51.62), and Q4 (≥51.62). Multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess the risk factors for AKI and 1-year mortality. AKI was defined according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes classification (KDIGO) criteria. Additionally, we assessed surgical outcomes such as hospital stay, ICU admission, and postoperative complications. The incidence of postoperative AKI tended to increase in the Q1 group (13.4%, 9.2%, 9.4%, 8.8%). In the multivariate analysis, high preoperative PNI was significantly associated with low risk of postoperative AKI (adjusted odds ratio OR: 0.96, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.93–0.99, p = 0.003) and low 1-year mortality (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98, p = 0.011). Male sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were risk factors for AKI. The Q1 (≤43.79) group had poor surgical outcomes, such as postoperative AKI (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.18–1.95, p = 0.001), higher rates of ICU admission (OR: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.82–5.39, p < 0.001) and higher overall mortality (OR: 3.81, 95% CI: 1.86–7.79, p < 0.001). In conclusion, low preoperative PNI levels, especially in the Q1 (≤43.79), were significantly associated with postoperative AKI and surgical outcomes, such as hospital stay, postoperative ICU admission, and mortality.
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that has anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties against stress condition. It is reported that resveratrol has beneficial functions in various metabolic and ...central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, depression, and dementia. Recently, many researchers have emphasized the connection between the brain and gut, called the gut-brain axis, for treating both CNS neuropathologies and gastrointestinal diseases. Based on previous findings, resveratrol is involved in glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secreted by intestine L cells, the patterns of microbiome in the intestine, the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level, and CNS inflammation. Here, we review recent evidences concerning the relevance and regulatory function of resveratrol in the gut-brain axis from various perspectives. Here, we highlight the necessity for further study on resveratrol's specific mechanism in the gut-brain axis. We present the potential of resveratrol as a natural therapeutic substance for treating both neuropathology and gastrointestinal dysfunction.
This study explored the clinical implications of tumor mutational burden (TMB) in a well-defined HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patient population who had been previously treated but ...had subsequent disease progression. Whole exome sequencing was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples and matched normal tissue. Among the 46 patients, 13 (28.3%) were estrogen receptor-positive and nine (19.6%) were progesterone receptor-positive by immunohistochemistry analysis. Twenty patients (43.5%) had recurrent MBC compared with de novo MBC (n = 26, 56.5%). Sixteen patients (34.6%) demonstrated more than 100 somatic non-synonymous SNV mutations, which was predefined as a high TMB. The median follow-up duration was 57.5 months. The median overall survival (mOS) differed significantly between low and high TMB status (44.9 months vs. 85.8 months, respectively, p = 0.016). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, TMB was the only independent prognostic factor for good metastatic overall survival after adjusting for age and recurrence (Hazard ratio HR = 0.32, 95% confidence interval CI, 0.103-0.998, p = 0.049). These data suggest that high TMB may be a prognostic marker for predicting good overall survival for patients undergoing conventional HER2-directed treatments and chemotherapy. Further, future clinical trials harnessing TMB may benefit by identifying an appropriate population who may have a favorable response to immunotherapy after recurrence following HER2-directed treatments.
By investigating the mode-locked pulse characteristics with varying pump power, we report on the soliton pulse breakup and multiple pulsing of a high power femtosecond Yb:KGW laser at a 10 W level of ...output power. The pulse breakup from single to double pulses at an output power of 6.3 W, exhibits a step-like abrupt change in the spectrum and temporal duration. Even under multiple pulsing operation, the mode-locked pulses follow the soliton-like pulse formation model such that the pulse duration is inversely proportional to the pulse energy and the time-bandwidth product is close to the transform limit. The multiple pulsing and breakup characterized in this study provide an efficient and reliable method to confirm the single pulse operation of high power mode-locked solid-state lasers.
•Multiple pulses are easily generated in high-power mode-locked lasers.•Pulse breaking accompanies abrupt change in the spectrum and the pulse duration.•Soliton pulse formation model is valid for multiple pulses.
Purpose
The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of secondary cancers and the factors associated with their development among patients who underwent radioiodine therapy (RIT) with ...differentiated thyroid cancer.
Methods
We retrospectively collected medical records for patients who underwent first RIT between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2005, from seven tertiary hospitals in South Korea after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Cancer incidence and calculated standardized rate ratio were compared with Korean cancer incidence data. The association between the development of secondary cancers and various parameters was analyzed by Cox-proportional hazard regression.
Results
A total of 3106 patients were included in this study. Mean age at the time of diagnosis of thyroid cancer was 45.7 ± 13.3 years old, and 2669 (85.9%) patients were female. The follow-up period was 11.9 ± 4.6 (range, 1.2–19.6) years. A total of 183 secondary cancers, which included 162 solid and 21 hematologic cancers, occurred in 173 patients (5.6%). There was no significant difference between solid cancer incidence in our study population who underwent RIT and the overall Korean population, but the incidence of hematologic cancers and total cancer in our study was significantly higher compared with that of the Korean population. A multivariate analysis identified independent prognostic factors for the development of secondary cancer including age at 1st RIT, male, and total cumulative dose over 200 mCi.
Conclusion
We need to assess the risk benefit for patients who receive over 200 mCi of a total cumulative dose.
Summary Background After the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in Korea, prediction of pneumonia development and progression to respiratory failure was emphasized in control of ...MERS outbreak. Methods MERS-CoV infected patients who were managed in a tertiary care center during the 2015 Korean MERS outbreak were reviewed. To analyze predictive factors for pneumonia development and progression to respiratory failure, we evaluated clinical variables measured within three days from symptom onset. Results A total of 45 patients were included in the study: 13 patients (28.9%) did not develop pneumonia, 19 developed pneumonia without respiratory failure (42.2%), and 13 progressed to respiratory failures (28.9%). The identified predictive factors for pneumonia development included age ≥45 years, fever ≥37.5 °C, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, CRP ≥ 2 mg/dL, and a threshold cycle value of PCR less than 28.5. For respiratory failure, the indicators included male, hypertension, low albumin concentration, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and CRP ≥ 4 mg/dL (all P < 0.05). With ≥ two predictive factors for pneumonia development, 100% of patients developed pneumonia. Patients lacking the predictive factors did not progress to respiratory failure. Conclusion For successful control of MERS outbreak, MERS-CoV infected patients with ≥ two predictive factors should be intensively managed from the initial presentation.
Transcription activator-like (TAL) effector nucleases (TALENs) can be readily engineered to bind specific genomic loci, enabling the introduction of precise genetic modifications such as gene ...knockouts and additions. Here we present a genome-scale collection of TALENs for efficient and scalable gene targeting in human cells. We chose target sites that did not have highly similar sequences elsewhere in the genome to avoid off-target mutations and assembled TALEN plasmids for 18,740 protein-coding genes using a high-throughput Golden-Gate cloning system. A pilot test involving 124 genes showed that all TALENs were active and disrupted their target genes at high frequencies, although two of these TALENs became active only after their target sites were partially demethylated using an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase. We used our TALEN library to generate single- and double-gene-knockout cells in which NF-κB signaling pathways were disrupted. Compared with cells treated with short interfering RNAs, these cells showed unambiguous suppression of signal transduction.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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