Trichosanthes anguina L. (family Cucurbitaceae) is a monoecious and diclinous plant that can be consumed as a vegetable and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The chemical composition and ...content of volatile compounds in female and male buds of T. anguina were explored by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) technology combined with multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that the content of the volatile compounds was different between female and male buds. 2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol and 2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyldihydro-2H-pyran-3(4H)-one were the main volatile compounds in both female and male buds. Based on the multivariate statistical analysis of orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and t-test, the content of seven compounds was significantly different between female and male buds. The content of three compounds in male buds was higher than that in female, i.e., (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, 1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-1,4,7-cycloundecatriene, and (E)-caryophyllene. Conversely, the content of (Z)-4-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl salicylate, and 2-hexen-1-ol in female buds was higher than that in male buds. This is the first report on the difference in the volatile compounds between female and male buds of T. anguina, which enriches the basic research on the monoecious and diclinous plant and provides a reference for the study of plant sex differentiation.
Dopaminergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells recapitulate key pathogenic phenotypes observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we present a protocol to analyze oxidized ...dopamine and the recruitment of parkin onto synaptic vesicles in neurons derived from patients with mutations in parkin that cause autosomal recessive PD. We describe steps for neuronal differentiation, live-cell microscopy, detection of oxidized dopamine, and labeling of synaptic vesicles. These protocols can be applied to studies of other forms of genetic and sporadic forms of PD.
For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Song et al.1,2
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•Generation of high-quality iPSC and patient-derived dopaminergic neurons•Imaging of dynamic recruitment of proteins onto synaptic vesicles in human neurons•Extraction and detection of oxidized dopamine in human dopaminergic neurons
Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
Dopaminergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells recapitulate key pathogenic phenotypes observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we present a protocol to analyze oxidized dopamine and the recruitment of parkin onto synaptic vesicles in neurons derived from patients with mutations in parkin that cause autosomal recessive PD. We describe steps for neuronal differentiation, live-cell microscopy, detection of oxidized dopamine, and labeling of synaptic vesicles. These protocols can be applied to studies of other forms of genetic and sporadic forms of PD.
Previous studies have emphasized the effect of parent marital conflict on youth's Internet addiction. However, few researchers have examined the mediating role of parent-child attachment and peer ...attachment between marital conflict and Internet addiction. To fill in this gap, this study aims to examine whether father-child, mother-child, and peer attachment play a mediating role between parent marital conflict and Internet addiction. This cross-sectional study included 450 college students in two Universities in China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to examine research questions. Results showed that Internet addiction was positively associated with marital conflict and negatively associated with peer attachment. Moreover, both mother-child and father-child attachment mediated the relationship between marital conflict and Internet addiction through peer attachment. To our knowledge, this was the first study examining the mediating role of parent-child and peer attachment between parent marital conflict and youth's Internet addiction. Our findings suggested that educational workers should pay more attention on the development of youth's parent-child and their peer attachment, because youth's attachment played an important role in youth's Internet addiction. Moreover, our findings emphasized that father and mother both important people on the development of youth's peer attachment, which may in turn influence youth's Internet addition.
•Parent marital conflict has a direct effect on youths' Internet addiction.•Father-child, mother-child and peer attachment were all important mediators.•Clinicians should pay more attention on youth's attachment development.•Both father and mother were important people in youth attachment development.
The differentially co-expressed proteins in N-deprived and N-enriched I. galbana were comparatively analyzed by using two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser ...desorption/ionization-time-of-flight/time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS) with the aim of better understanding lipid metabolism in this oleaginous microalga. Forty-five of the 900 protein spots showed dramatic changes in N-deprived I. galbana compared with the N-enriched cells. Of these, 36 protein spots were analyzed and 27 proteins were successfully identified. The identified proteins were classified into seven groups by their molecular functions, including the proteins related to energy production and transformation, substance metabolism, signal transduction, molecular chaperone, transcription and translation, immune defense and cytoskeleton. These altered proteins slowed cell growth and photosynthesis of I. galbana directly or indirectly, but at the same time increased lipid accumulation. Eight key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism via different pathways were identified as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), enolase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fumarate hydratase (FH), citrate synthase (CS), O-acetyl-serine lyase (OAS-L) and ATP sulfurylase (ATPS). The results suggested that the glycolytic pathway and citrate transport system might be the main routes for lipid anabolism in N-deprived I. galbana, and that the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glyoxylate cycle and sulfur assimilation system might be the major pathways involved in lipid catabolism.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) have attracted growing research interest as clean high-efficiency energy conversion devices, however the design and creation of high-performance anode catalysts for ...DAFCs is still extremely desirable. Herein, we report a wet-chemical method for making bimetallic aerogel networked Pt–Sn nanowires (NWs) with tunable compositions. All of the obtained networked Pt–Sn NWs exhibit better mass activities and specific activities in both the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) than commercial Pt/C due to their unique three-dimensional (3D) porosity with larger surface areas and the presence of structural defects, with the optimized networked Pt 6 Sn 3 NWs displaying the best mass activities of up to 1.08 mA μg Pt −1 for the EOR and 1.45 mA μg Pt −1 for the MOR in acid media. The networked Pt 6 Sn 3 NWs also exhibited enhanced stability toward both the EOR and MOR compared to Pt/C. The present work suggests that the networked NWs with high surface areas and rich defects are indeed a unique class of efficient electrocatalysts for alcohol electrooxidation.
The pursuit of efficient electrocatalysts with better activity, stability, and controllable morphology and size for alcohol oxidation is of decisive significance yet challenging for the application ...of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) in large scale. Herein, a series of glycine-assisted N-doped graphene (NG)-supported multipetal PtAg nanoflowers (NFs) has been successfully engineered to serve as high-performance electrocatalysts for ethanol electrooxidation and ethylene glycol electrooxidation catalysis. The introduction of glycine and NG played important roles on the size evolution, where the size decreased by around 7 nm, and well dispersion of PtAg NFs, respectively, which assisted in the formation of PtAg nanoparticles with high surface areas and optimized multipetal structure. The multipetal PtAg NFs exhibit great improvement in electrochemical activity and durability toward the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) and ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR), whose mass activities are 3598.4 and 4587.2 mA mg–1, respectively. Meanwhile, with the promoting impact of glycine and NG, the as-obtained PtAg NFs can even retain 49.8% and 41.2% of the initial catalytic activity for EOR and EGOR after 500 cycles. This work suggests that PtAg NFs with superior electrochemical activity and stability are one of the optimized choices for high-performance catalysts toward alcohol oxidation.
Cultural Intelligence (CQ) has been theorized as the ability of individuals to adapt effectively in cross-cultural settings. This study sought to extend the literature by investigating whether CQ ...accounts for variance in cross-cultural adjustment of expatriates beyond what is accounted for by the five factor model of personality. Questionnaire responses from 154 expatriates in Japan were analyzed using hierarchical regression. The results indicate that motivational CQ can explain variance in expatriate general, interaction, and work adjustment over and above the five factor model of personality.
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) combined with multivariate statistics was adopted to discriminate female and male flower buds of Populus tomentosa in the study. Samples of 11 female and 16 ...male flower buds of P. tomentosa were collected in Beijing, China. 1H NMR spectra were acquired on a 400 MHz spectrometer. In total, 30 chemical compounds were identified with standards and literature according to chemical shifts, peak areas, and multiplicity. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and supervised orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to discriminate female and male flower buds. An apparent grouping trend (R2X, 0.809; Q2, 0.903) between female and male groups was exhibited with PCA and HCA. The two groups were also well discriminated with OPLS-DA (R2X, 0.808; R2Y, 0.976; Q2, 0.960). Combined with variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1.0 and p < 0.05 of OPLS-DA, it was found that the content of daucosterol, β-sitosterol, ursolic acid, and betulonic acid in male group was higher than that in female, which should be the key differences of chemical constituents in female and male flower buds of P. tomentosa. The study demonstrated that 1H NMR combined with multivariate statistics could be used to discriminate female and male plants and clarify differences, which provided a novel method to identify the gender of dioecious plants.
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as a rising star of carbon nanomaterials have extensive applications due to their excellent characteristics. In this work, we introduce a simple and green method to prepare ...nitrogen-doped lignin carbon quantum dots (N-L-CQDs) by using alkali lignin carbon sources and deep eutectic solvent (DES) as solution and nitrogen source. The physiochemical characterization results suggested that N-L-CQDs with diameters ranging from 4 to 12 nm were successfully synthesized. The optical properties data indicated that the as-prepared N-L-CQDs with a quantum yield of 7.95% exhibited excellent optoelectronic properties, excitation-dependent and pH stability. After that, we have investigated the N-L-CQDs used as fluorescent probes to detect iron ions, which suggested that the as-prepared N-L-CQDs exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity for Fe3+ with a detection limit of 0.44 μM. Besides, cytotoxicity of N-L-CQDs was also evaluated by MTT assay. These results demonstrated that the as-prepared N-L-CQDs with excellent properties have potential applications in environment and biomedicine.
The heterotrophic microalgae Crypthecodinium cohnii was usually cultivated in complex medium containing glucose, yeast extract and sea salt. For the preparation of DHA with highest purity, a new ...defined medium without the yeast extract was developed. Different inoculated densities, C/N ratios, temperatures, culture volumes and glucose additions were investigated to optimize the algal growth rate and DHA production. The growth period in C. cohnii was shortened from 12-14 days to 7-8 days, the OD600 was enhanced from 2.0 to 3.0, the glucose consumption was accelerated and used up on day 3-4, and the DHA content in culture were increased from 10 to 45 nmoles/300 μl batch. It was found that C. cohnii had optimal growth and DHA accumulation in 25 °C, 0.2 inoculated density, 5-10 C/N ratio, 5:1 air/culture volume ratio. This is the first time DHA production using C.cohnii has been optimized in synthetic medium. This allows preparation of uniformly radiolabeled 13C- and 14C-DHA.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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