Massive rural-to-urban migration in China has profoundly altered the family life of rural older adults, as adult children remain the primary caretakers of their elderly parents. And yet little is ...known about the health and well-being of the parents of adult migrants in rural China whose main source of support has been displaced.
This study takes a comprehensive view and compares the trajectories of self-rated health among the rural elderly and examines how these health trajectories are associated with adult children's migration.
We analyze older adults aged 55 years and over in rural China, using four waves of data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997, 2000, 2004, 2006) and multilevel growth curve models.
The results show that parents of migrants persistently scored worse self-rated health across ages than their counterparts whose children had not migrated. Long-term migration of adults takes a heavier toll on the health of their elderly parents than short-term migration. However, these associations with children's migration are driven by the migration of sons. The migration of daughters and of children of both genders may have disparate effects on the health trajectories of elderly men and women.
The findings suggest that the interplay of gendered family dynamics and migration processes affects the health outcomes of older adults.
The findings contribute to current debates on the health and well-being of family members left behind by migrants and call for further study of the relationship between migration and family processes in the well-being of migrant families.
We propose a novel continuously tunable delay line in X-cut lithium niobate thin film driven by graphene electrodes, featuring low power consumption and low half-wave voltage-length product. The use ...of the graphene electrodes combined with the air slots makes the device quite low power consumption. Our designed device, which has a footprint of 8.9 mm × 1.9 mm, is capable of providing a continuously tunable delay range from 0 to 100 ps with minimum 3 dB bandwidth of >20 GHz. By optimizing the width of the waveguide core and the distance between the graphene and the waveguide core, we can obtain the low power consumption and low voltage - length product V π L = 1.12 V·cm at 1550 nm when w = 2 μm and d = 0.3 μm. In addition, the graphene electrode has negligible light absorption with w = 2 μm and d = 0.3 μm, the switching power is 151 mW without air slots, and the switching power is 95.36 mW with air slots etching depth of 5.3 μm formed on both sides of the waveguides. And further, the air slots formed on both sides and at the bottom of the waveguides make a low switching power of 2.85 mW.
Processed food has become an indispensable part of the human food chain. It provides rich nutrition for human health and satisfies various other requirements for food consumption. However, ...establishing traceability systems for processed food faces a different set of challenges compared to primary agro-food, because of the variety of raw materials, batch mixing, and resource transformation. In this paper, progress in the traceability of processed food is reviewed. Based on an analysis of the food supply chain and processing stage, the problem of traceability in food processing results from the transformations that the resources go through. Methods to implement traceability in food processing, including physical separation in different lots, defining and associating batches, isotope analysis and DNA tracking, statistical data models, internal traceability system development, artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain-based approaches are summarized. Traceability is evaluated based on recall effects, TRUs (traceable resource units), and comprehensive granularity. Different methods have different advantages and disadvantages. The combined application of different methods should consider the specific application scenarios in food processing to improve granularity. On the other hand, novel technologies, including batch mixing optimization with AI, quality forecasting with big data, and credible traceability with blockchain, are presented in the context of improving traceability performance in food processing.
Abstract
In this paper, a wideband cylindrical conformal microstrip antenna array employing a proximity‐coupled feeding mechanism with a cavity‐backed configuration is designed and fabricated. ...Compared with other conformal microstrip patch antennas by using linear subarrays assembled piecewise, this design uses Teflon instead of traditional dielectric layers, and makes it possible to process the whole conformal array without splicing, obtaining the freedom in unit size and array radius adjustment except ease of manufacturing and assemblage. Combined with the optimization of the cavity size, an array with 4 × 4 elements is obtained which has a bandwidth of 40% from 8 to 12 GHz and a gain of 16.4 dB.
A
bstract
Precision studies of the Higgs boson at future
e
+
e
−
colliders can help to shed light on fundamental questions related to electroweak symmetry breaking, baryogenesis, the hierarchy ...problem, and dark matter. The main production process,
e
+
e
−
→ HZ
, will need to be controlled with sub-percent precision, which requires the inclusion of next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) electroweak corrections. The most challenging class of diagrams are planar and non-planar double-box topologies with multiple massive propagators in the loops. This article proposes a technique for computing these diagrams numerically, by transforming one of the sub-loops through the use of Feynman parameters and a dispersion relation, while standard one-loop formulae can be used for the other sub-loop. This approach can be extended to deal with tensor integrals. The resulting numerical integrals can be evaluated in minutes on a single CPU core, to achieve about 0.1% relative precision.
Global declines in biodiversity highlight the need to effectively monitor the density and distribution of threatened species. In recent years, molecular survey methods detecting DNA released by ...target‐species into their environment (eDNA) have been rapidly on the rise. Despite providing new, cost‐effective tools for conservation, eDNA‐based methods are prone to errors. Best field and laboratory practices can mitigate some, but the risks of errors cannot be eliminated and need to be accounted for. Here, we synthesize recent advances in data processing tools that increase the reliability of interpretations drawn from eDNA data. We review advances in occupancy models to consider spatial data‐structures and simultaneously assess rates of false positive and negative results. Further, we introduce process‐based models and the integration of metabarcoding data as complementing approaches to increase the reliability of target‐species assessments. These tools will be most effective when capitalizing on multi‐source data sets collating eDNA with classical survey and citizen‐science approaches, paving the way for more robust decision‐making processes in conservation planning.
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a trace detection technique that extends even to single molecule detection. Its potential application to the noninvasive recognition of lung malignancies ...by detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that serve as biomarkers would be a breakthrough in early cancer diagnostics. This application, however, is currently limited by two main factors: (1) most VOC biomarkers exhibit only weak Raman scattering; and (2) the high mobility of gaseous molecules results in a low adsorptivity on solid substrates. To enhance the adsorption of gaseous molecules, a ZIF‐8 layer is coated onto a self‐assembly of gold superparticles (GSPs) in order to slow the flow rate of gaseous biomarkers and depress the exponential decay of the electromagnetic field around the GSP surfaces. Gaseous aldehydes that are released as a result of tumor‐specific tissue composition and metabolism, thereby acting as indicators of lung cancer, are guided onto SERS‐active GSPs substrates through a ZIF‐8 channel. Through a Schiff base reaction with 4‐aminothiophenol pregrafted onto gold GSPs, gaseous aldehydes are captured with a 10 ppb limit of detection, demonstrating tremendous prospects for in vitro diagnoses of early stage lung cancer.
A high‐sensitivity surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate is used for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection in exhaled breath, wherein ordered gold superparticles act as SERS hotspots and a metal‐organic‐framework layer is employed to slow the flow rate and strengthen the adsorption of gaseous analytes. Gaseous aldehyde VOCs are captured with a parts per billion limit of detection in this analyte‐detection system.
A
bstract
In this paper, we investigate the discovery prospect of simplified fermionic dark sectors models through Higgs precision measurements at
e
+
e
−
colliders and direct searches at hadron ...colliders. These models extend the Standard Model with two Majorana or Dirac fermions that are singlets, doublets or triplets under the weak SU(2) group. For all models, we consider two scenarios where the lightest new fermion is either stable, or where it decays into other visible final states. For the Higgs precision observables we primarily focus on
σ
(
e
+
e
−
→
ZH
), which can deviate from the Standard Model through one-loop corrections involving the new fermions. Deviations of 0.5% or more, which could be observable at future
e
+
e
−
colliders, are found for TeV-scale dark sector masses. By combining the constraints from the oblique parameters, Br(
H
→
γγ
), and direct production of the new fermions at the LHC, a comprehensive understanding of the discovery potential of these models can be achieved. In both scenarios, there exist some parameter regions where the Higgs precision measurements can provide complementary information to direct LHC searches.
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•(TiZrNbTa)90Mo10 HEA exposed to Ringer’s solution was investigated.•Protectiveness of passive film on alloy was deteriorated when pH ≤ 1 of solution.•Passive film formed on exposed ...surface consists of multiple species oxides.•HEA exhibits robust corrosion resistance comparative to that of Ta and Ti.
By characterizing electrochemical properties and oxide species on the surface layer with XPS analysis, the corrosion behavior of (TiZrNbTa)90Mo10 high entropy alloy (HEA) was investigated under exposure to Ringer’s solutions. The protectiveness of passive film formed on the alloy was deteriorated when the exposure solution became more acidic. Under exposure in neutral solution, passive film spontaneously formed on exposed surface consists of multiple species oxides. In comparison with constituting pure metals in the alloy, the HEA exhibits robust corrosion resistance in Ringer’s solution.
Effective screening and early detection are critical to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). Our study aims to explore noninvasive multianalytical biomarkers and construct integrative models ...for preliminary risk assessment and GC detection. Whole genomewide methylation marker discovery was conducted with CpG tandems target amplification (CTTA) in cfDNA from large asymptomatic screening participants in a high‐risk area of GC. The methylation and mutation candidates were validated simultaneously using one plasma from patients at various gastric lesion stages by multiplex profiling with Mutation Capsule Plus (MCP). Helicobacter pylori specific antibodies were detected with a recomLine assay. Integrated models were constructed and validated by the combination of multianalytical biomarkers. A total of 146 and 120 novel methylation markers were found in CpG islands and promoter regions across the genome with CTTA. The methylation markers together with the candidate mutations were validated with MCP and used to establish a 133‐methylation‐marker panel for risk assessment of suspicious precancerous lesions and GC cases and a 49‐methylation‐marker panel as well as a 144‐amplicon‐mutation panel for GC detection. An integrated model comprising both methylation and specific antibody panels performed better for risk assessment than a traditional model (AUC, 0.83 and 0.63, P < .001). A second model for GC detection integrating methylation and mutation panels also outperformed the traditional model (AUC, 0.82 and 0.68, P = .005). Our study established methylation, mutation and H. pylori‐specific antibody panels and constructed two integrated models for risk assessment and GC screening. Our findings provide new insights for a more precise GC screening strategy in the future.
What's new?
Genetic and epigenetic markers and environmental factors including Helicobacter pylori promote gastric cancer. Here, the authors established methylation, mutation and H. pylori‐specific antibody biomarker panels based on the analysis of precancerous lesions and gastric cancer cases to construct and validate two integrative models. The risk assessment model aimed to identify suspicious precancerous lesions and gastric cancer cases among asymptomatic screening participants and the detection model to further distinguish gastric cancer from suspected cases. The models showed better performance than a traditional model and high feasibility, paving the way for a noninvasive multianalytical approach for risk assessment and gastric cancer detection.
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