We demonstrate high-sensitivity vibrational absorption spectroscopy in the 2-micron wavelength range by using a mode-locked Cr:ZnS laser. Interferometric subtraction and multichannel detection across ...the broad laser spectrum realize simultaneous background-free detection of multiple vibrational modes over a spectral span of >380 cm −1 . Importantly, we achieve detection of small absorbance on the order of 10 −4 , which is well below the detection limit of conventional absorption spectroscopy set by the detector dynamic range. The results indicate the promising potential of the background-free method for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of trace gases and chemicals.
Memristive behaviors are demonstrated in the single-layer oxide-based devices. The conduction states can be continually modulated with different pulses or voltage sweeps. Here, the p-CuAlO2- and ...n-ZnO-based memristors show the opposite bias polarity dependence with the help of tip electrode. It is well known that the conductivity of p-type and n-type semiconductor materials has the opposite oxygen concentration dependence. Thus, the memristive behaviors may attribute to the oxygen ion migration in the dielectric layers for the single-layer oxide based memristors. Further, based on the redox, the model of compressing dielectric layer thickness has been proposed to explain the memristive behavior.
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) brings better robustness and spectral efficiency but higher computational challenges compared to small-scale MIMO. One of the key challenges is the ...large-scale matrix inversion, as widely employed in channel estimation and detection. Traditionally, to address the issue, several low-complexity matrix inversion methods have been proposed, including the tri-diagonal matrix approximation (TMA) and the Neumann-series approximation (NSA). Although the previous methods effectively alleviate the computational cost, they all fail to exploit the typical properties of channel matrices, leading to unsatisfactory error-rate performance in some non-ideal scenarios. To solve the issue, in this paper, a two-level and block diagonal based improved Neumann series approximation (TL-BD-INSA) algorithm is proposed, which is suitable for both ideal uncorrelated channels and the correlated channels with multiple-antenna user equipment (MAUE) system. First, a two-level block diagonal iteration based on matrix partition is employed, which exhibits performance comparable to the exact method while having a lower computational load. An improved normalization factor is then introduced to accelerate convergence. Numerical results show that, for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">128\times 32</tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO with MAUE non-ideal channel, the proposed algorithm performs only 0.25 dB away from the exact matrix inversion when bit error rate (BER) <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> = 10^{-3}</tex-math></inline-formula>. The implementation on Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA and ASIC with TSMC 45 nm shows that the proposed detector can achieve 1731 bps/slices and 0.463 Gbps/mm<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">^2</tex-math></inline-formula> hardware efficiency, respectively, demonstrating that the proposed system can achieve a well trade-off between error performance and implementation efficiency.
Belief propagation (BP) decoding has natural advantages in throughput for polar codes to meet high-speed and low-latency requirements. The soft outputs of BP decoding can be utilized further for ...joint detection and decoding in the baseband communication system. However, its error-correction performance is not comparable with the successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding. Belief propagation flip (BPF) decoding is recently proposed to improve the error-correction performance of BP decoding and indicates the potential to compete with SCL decoding. In this paper, we propose an advanced BPF (A-BPF) scheme that reduces the decoding latency with the help of one critical bit and improves the error-correction performance by the proposed joint detection criterion. To improve area efficiency in the hardware level, an optimized sorting network is proposed and applied for the A-BPF decoder. The decoder is implemented on 65 nm CMOS technology for length-1024 and rate-1/2 polar codes, and the results show that the proposed decoder can achieve a close frame error rate performance to the SCL decoder with four lists and deliver a throughput of 5.17 Gb/s at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">E_{b}/N_{0}=4.0 </tex-math></inline-formula> dB.
Tumor recurrence and metastasis are the most common reason for treatment failure. Metastasis-associate in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) has been identified as a metastatic and prognostic biomarker for ...colorectal cancer and other solid tumors. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), a marker of cancer stem cells, is also associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in many tumors. However, the prognostic value of either MACC1 or ALDH1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. In this study, we explored the relationship between MACC1 and ALDH1 expression, as well as their respective associations with clinicopathological features, to determine if either could be useful for improvement of survival prognosis in NSCLC.
The expression levels of both MACC1 and ALDH1 in 240 whole tissue sections of NSCLC were examined by immunohistochemistry. Clinical data were also collected.
MACC1 and ALDH1 were significantly overexpressed in NSCLC tissues when compared to levels in normal lung tissues. Investigation of associations between MACC1 or ALDH1 protein levels with clinicopathological parameters of NSCLC revealed correlations between the expression of each with tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, and tumor node metastasis. The overall survival of patients with MACC1- or ALDH1-positive NSCLC tumors was significantly lower than that of those who were negative. Importantly, multivariate analysis suggested that positive expression of either MACC1 or ALDH1, as well as TNM stage, could be independent prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with NSCLC.
MACC1 and ALDH1 may represent promising metastatic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets, for NSCLC.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Recurrence and metastasis are the usual manifestations of treatment failure of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). Vasculogenic mimicry (VM; blood supply development often seen in highly aggressive ...cancers), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1, cancer stem cell biomarker), KiSS-1 (suppressor of tumor metastasis), and metastasis associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) are all useful predictive factors for metastasis and prognosis in various cancers. In this study, we analyzed associations among VM, ALDH1, KiSS-1, and MACC1 in EOC, and their respective correlations with clinicopathological characteristics and survival in EOC.
Positive rates of VM, ALDH1, KiSS-1, and MACC1 in 207 whole EOC tissue samples were detected by immunohistochemistry. Patients' clinical data were also collected.
Levels of VM, ALDH1, and MACC1 were significantly higher, and levels of KiSS-1 significantly lower, in EOC tissues than in benign ovary tumors. Levels of VM, ALDH1, KiSS-1, and MACC1 were associated significantly with tumor/lymph node/metastasis (LNM) grade, implantation, and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and with patients' overall survival (OS); whereas the KiSS-1+ subgroup had significantly longer OS than did the KiSS-1- subgroup. In multivariate analysis, high VM, ALDH1 or MACC1 levels, FIGO stage, implantation and low KiSS-1 levels were independently associated with shorter OS in patients with EOC.
VM and expressions of ALDH1, KiSS-1, and MACC1 represent promising markers for metastasis and prognosis, and potential therapeutic targets for EOC.
Ultraviolet detectors can be used in ultraviolet disinfection, missile guidance and short-wave communication fields. Here we have grown GaN (002) film by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), through ...depositing 100 nm ZnO film as buffer layers on sapphire substrates by magnetron sputtering. Using Ni as the electrode, the metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) ultraviolet (UV) detector was prepared. The device dark current, photocurrent and UV on/off current ratio were 5.19×10-9A, 2.52×10-7A and 54, under 2V bias. Then, using Au nanoparticles as plasmons, the photocurrent and photoresponsivity of the device were increased by 5.32 times and 5.25 times, respectively, and the UV on/off current ratio reached 176. The photoresponsivity of the device reaches the maximum value 0.42A/W at 370nm, the response time and relaxation time reach 0.1s and 0.12s, respectively.
Metastasis and recurrence are the most common reasons for treatment failure of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Vasculogenic mimicry (VM, blood supply formation often seen in highly aggressive tumors), ...Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1, a biomarker of cancer stem cells), KAI1 (a suppressor gene of tumor metastasis) are all valuable factors for metastasis and prognosis in diverse human cancers. However, the correlation of VM, ALDH1, KAI1 and microvessel density (MVD) in CRC is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the correlations among VM, ALDH1, KAI1 and MVD, as well as their respective correlations with clinicopathological parameters and survival in CRC.
The level of VM, ALDH1, KAI1 and MVD in 204 whole tissue samples of CRC were examined by immunhistochemistry. Clinical data was also collected.
Levels of VM, ALDH1 and MVD were significantly higher, and levels of KAI1 significantly lower, in CRC tissues than in normal colorectal tissues. Levels of VM, ALDH1 and MVD were positively associated with invasion of depth, lymph node metastasis (LNM), distant metastasis and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages, and negatively with patients' overall survival (OS). Levels of KAI1 was negatively correlated with invasion of depth, LNM, distant metastasis and TNM stages, and the KAI1 positive expression subgroup had significantly longer OS than did the KAI1- subgroup. In multivariate analysis, high levels of VM, ALDH1 and KAI1, as well as TNM stages were independently correlated with lower OS in patients with CRC.
VM, MVD and the expression of ALDH1 and KAI1 may represent promising metastatic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets for CRC.
Because of the existence of channel noise, channel coding serves as an indispensable part of mobile communication system and the essential guarantee for the reliable, accurate, and effective ...transmission of information. As one of the most competitive channel code candidates for the 5th generation (5G) mobile communication, polar codes are the first codes which can provably achieve the symmetric capacity of binary-input discrete memoryless channels (B-DMCs). In this paper, the segmented CRC- aided successive cancellation list (SCA-SCL) polar decoding scheme is proposed for better tradeoff of performance and complexity. Numerical results on binary-input additive white Gaussian noise channel (BI-AWGNC) have shown that, at SNR of 0.5 dB, this approach successfully provides as high as 41.65% complexity reduction and similar decoding performance compared to state-of-the-art ones.
Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables third-party servers to perform computations on encrypted user data while preserving privacy. Although conceptually attractive, the speed of software ...implementations of HE is almost impractical. To address this challenge, various domain-specific architectures have been proposed to accelerate homomorphic evaluation, but efficiency remains a bottleneck. In this paper, we propose a homomorphic evaluation accelerator with heterogeneous reconfigurable modular computing units (RCUs) for the Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren (BFV) scheme. RCUs leverage operator abstraction to efficiently perform basic sub-operations of homomorphic evaluation such as residue number system (RNS) conversion, number theoretic transform (NTT), and other modular computations. By combining these sub-operations, complex homomorphic evaluation operations like multiplication, rotation, and addition are efficiently executed. To address the high demand for data access and improve memory efficiency, we design a coordinate-based address encoding strategy that enables in-place and conflict-free data access. Furthermore, specific optimizations are performed on the core sub-operations such as NTT and automorphism. The proposed architecture is implemented on Xilinx Virtex-7 and UltraScale+ FPGA platforms and evaluated for polynomials of length 4096. Compared to state-of-the-art accelerators with the same parameter set, our accelerator achieves the following advantages: Formula Omitted to Formula Omitted reduction in the area-time product (ATP) for the key sub-operation NTT, Formula Omitted to Formula Omitted reduction in latency for homomorphic multiplication with higher area efficiency, and 3) support for a wider range of homomorphic evaluation operations, including rotation, compared to other BFV-based accelerators.
PDF
