The synchronization of geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) and magnetic fluctuations is identified in the edge plasmas of the HL-2A tokamak. Mesoscale electric fluctuations (MSEFs) having components of a ...dominant GAM, and m/n=6/2 potential fluctuations are found at the same frequency as that of the magnetic fluctuations of m/n=6/2 (m and n are poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively). The temporal evolutions of the MSEFs and the magnetic fluctuations clearly show the frequency entrainment and the phase lock between the GAM and the m/n=6/2 magnetic fluctuations. The results indicate that GAMs and magnetic fluctuations can transfer energy through nonlinear synchronization. Such nonlinear synchronization may also contribute to low-frequency zonal flow formation, reduction of turbulence level, and thus confinement regime transitions.
The features of ion and electron fishbone instabilities have been investigated during neutral beam injection (NBI) and electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) on HL-2A. Some new phenomena, such ...as frequency jumps and V-font-style sweeping, have been presented in the paper. Three kinds of i-fishbones, including hybrid sawtooth–fishbone (sawbone), run-on fishbone and classical fishbone, have been identified during NBI. During high power (
P
ECRH
> 0.7 MW) ECRH, the experimental results indicate that the e-fishbone frequencies are higher than those during low power ECRH, and are provided with up- and down-chirping behaviours, and sometimes also with V-font-style sweeping. The periodic mode frequency jumps have also been detected by a soft x-ray array. It is possible to correlate these phenomena with the redistribution of energetic electrons.
We present an empirical stellar spectra library created using spectra from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) DR5. This library represents a uniform data set ...ranging from 3750 through 8500 K in effective temperature (Teff), from −2.5 through +1.0 dex in metallicity (Fe/H), and from 0 to 5.0 dex in gravity (log g). The spectra in the library have resolutions R ∼ 1800, with well-calibrated fluxes and rest-framed wavelengths. Using a large number of red stars observed by LAMOST, we generated denser K-type templates to fill in data missing from current empirical spectral libraries, particularly the late K type. For K giants, we calibrated the spectroscopic surface gravities against the asteroseismic surface gravities. To verify the reliability of the parameters labeled for this library, we performed an internal cross-validation using a χ2 minimization method to interpolate the parameters of each individual spectrum using the remaining spectra in the library. We obtained precisions of 41 K, 0.11 dex, and 0.05 dex for Teff, log g, and Fe/H, respectively, which means the templates are labeled with correct stellar parameters. Through external comparisons, we confirmed that measurements of the stellar parameters through this library can achieve accuracies of approximately 125 K in Teff, 0.1 dex in Fe/H and 0.20 dex in log g without systematic offset. This empirical library is useful for stellar parameter measurements because it has large parameter coverage and full wavelength coverage from 3800 to 8900 .
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity is a promising strategy for treatment of type 2 diabetes. In the current study, DPP-IV inhibitory peptides were identified from mare whey ...protein hydrolysates obtained by papain. The results showed that all the mare whey protein hydrolysates obtained at various hydrolysis durations possessed more potent DPP-IV inhibitory activity compared with intact whey protein. The 4-h hydrolysates showed the greatest DPP-IV inhibitory activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.18 mg/mL. The 2 novel peptides from 4-h hydrolysate fractions separated by successive chromatographic steps were characterized by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The novel peptides Asn-Leu-Glu-Ile-Ile-Leu-Arg and Thr-Gln-Met-Val-Asp-Glu-Glu-Ile-Met-Glu-Lys-Phe-Arg, which corresponded to β-lactoglobulin 1 f(71–77) and β-lactoglobulin 1 f(143–155), demonstrated DPP-IV inhibitory activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 86.34 and 69.84 μM, respectively. The DPP-IV inhibitory activity of the 2 peptides was retained or even improved after simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. Our findings indicate that mare whey protein-derived peptides may possess potential as functional food ingredients in the management of type 2 diabetes.
Wind turbine layout optimization in wind farm is one of the most important technologies to increase the wind power utilization. This paper studies the wind turbine layout optimization with multiple ...hub heights wind turbines using greedy algorithm. The linear wake model and the particle wake model are used for wake flow calculation over flat terrain and complex terrain, respectively. Three-dimensional greedy algorithm is developed to optimize wind turbine layout with multiple hub heights for minimizing cost per unit power output. The numerical cases over flat terrain and complex terrain are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed greedy algorithm for the optimization problem. The results reveal that it incurs lower computational costs to obtain better optimized results using the proposed greedy algorithm than the one using genetic algorithm. Compared to the layout with identical hub height wind turbines, the one with multiple hub height wind turbines can increase the total power output and decrease the cost per unit power output remarkably, especially for the wind farm over complex terrain. It is suggested that three-dimensional greedy algorithm is an effective method for more benefits of using wind turbines with multiple hub heights in wind farm design.
•Wind turbines layout optimization with multiple hub heights is studied.•Three-dimensional greedy algorithm is developed and validated.•The estimation expressions of the total computation for the algorithms are deduced.•Numerical cases over flat terrain and complex terrain are implemented.•Ptot and Cost/Ptot are improved remarkably through using multiple height turbines.
Nonstoichiometric Mg2SiO4 forsterite dielectric ceramics with various Mg/Si ratios (R=2.025, 2.05, and 2.2) were prepared and characterized. The appearance of a MgSiO3 secondary phase could be ...effectively suppressed by adjusting the nonstoichiometry, and a single‐phase forsterite structure was obtained in the present ceramics with Mg/Si ratios of 2.025 and 2.05. The microwave dielectric characteristics were significantly improved in the nonstoichiometric Mg2SiO4 ceramics on eliminating the MgSiO3 secondary phase, where an enhanced Q×f value and a suppressed temperature coefficient of resonant frequency λf were obtained. The best microwave characteristics were achieved in the nonstoichiometric forsterite ceramics with an Mg/Si ratio of 2.05: ɛr=7.5, Q×f=114 730 GHz, and λf=−59 ppm/°C.
Measuring how the magnetic correlations evolve in doped Mott insulators has greatly improved our understanding of the pseudogap, non-Fermi liquids and high-temperature superconductivity. Recently, ...photo-excitation has been used to induce similarly exotic states transiently. However, the lack of available probes of magnetic correlations in the time domain hinders our understanding of these photo-induced states and how they could be controlled. Here, we implement magnetic resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at a free-electron laser to directly determine the magnetic dynamics after photo-doping the Mott insulator Sr2IrO4. We find that the non-equilibrium state, 2 ps after the excitation, exhibits strongly suppressed long-range magnetic order, but hosts photo-carriers that induce strong, non-thermal magnetic correlations. These two-dimensional (2D) in-plane Néel correlations recover within a few picoseconds, whereas the three-dimensional (3D) long-range magnetic order restores on a fluence-dependent timescale of a few hundred picoseconds. The marked difference in these two timescales implies that the dimensionality of magnetic correlations is vital for our understanding of ultrafast magnetic dynamics.
To investigate the correlations of inflammatory factors, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and composition of bacterial flora in the peritoneal fluid with ...infertility in endometriosis patients.
A total of 55 patients diagnosed with endometriosis and infertility in the Gynecology Clinic of our hospital from June 2014 to July 2017 were selected as observation group, and another 30 non-endometriosis and non-infertility patients were enrolled as control group. The peritoneal fluid was extracted from patients in both groups, and the total white cell count and the percentage of leukocyte subset were determined. The total genome deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of microorganisms in peritoneal fluid was extracted, and the composition of microorganisms was analyzed using the Ion Torrent PGM platform (BGI). The levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, and TNF-α in peritoneal fluid were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the correlations of inflammatory factors in the peritoneal fluid with endometriosis complicated with infertility were analyzed via Logistic regression analysis.
The total white cell count, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils in endometriosis patients complicated with infertility were significantly higher than those in control group (p<0.05). Results of ELISA showed that the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, and TNF-α in peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients complicated with infertility were significantly higher than those in control group (p<0.05). In peritoneal fluid of patients in both groups, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were mainly dominated, followed by Actinobacillus, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria and Tenericutes, and there was no significant difference in the Eumycota between the two groups (p>0.05). Logistic regression analysis results showed that there were significant correlations of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, and TNF-α) with endometriosis complicated with infertility.
There are many kinds of Eumycota in the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients complicated with infertility, but they are not the main pathogenic factors. Inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, and TNF-α) can be used as important reference indexes for the diagnosis of endometriosis complicated with infertility.
Aim
To evaluate the expression of Foxp3‐positive lymphocytes around newly formed tissue after regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) in vivo and investigate the effects of stem cells from the apical ...papilla (SCAP) on the conversion of CD4+CD25− T cells to CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro.
Methodology
Three 6‐month‐old beagles with nine doubled‐rooted premolars in each dog were randomly assigned to the RET group and the control group. RET was performed after apical periodontitis had been induced in the experimental immature teeth. Three months later, the expression of Foxp3 was detected in the histological sections by immunofluorescent staining. Human SCAP and CD4+CD25− T cells from mice spleens (1 : 1 and 1 : 5) were co‐cultured in cell–cell contact or in Transwells, respectively, for 24 and 72 h in vitro. The percentage of Tregs was evaluated by flow cytometry. The results were analysed using the Fisher's exact test and analysis of variance. P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.
Results
Inflammatory cells were present with tissue regeneration in the RET group, and Foxp3‐positive T cells were enriched around the newly formed tissues. SCAP promoted Treg conversion after 72 h in vitro. Cell–cell contact played an important role after the 24 h co‐culture, whilst soluble factors were also involved after 72 h (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
SCAP promoted the conversion of pro‐inflammatory T cells to Tregs in vitro. Tregs were enriched around the regenerating tissues in the root canals after RET, which may create a suitable immune microenvironment for the differentiation of SCAP. This study provides an underlying mechanism for tissue regeneration during RET.
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