•Vaccination is an essential and promising way to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic.•We report the case of an HIV-positive patient showing deterioration after vaccination.•Caution should be taken when ...vaccinating HIV-positive patients who are not on medication.
Vaccination is an essential measure to stop the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We report a case of viral activation and CD4+ T cell loss in a treatment-naïve HIV-positive patient after receiving inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (Sinopharm). The vaccine should probably be given only to people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy.
The intestinal flora plays an important role in the occurrence and development of liver cancer, affecting the efficacy and side effects of conventional antitumor therapy. Recently, immunotherapy for ...liver cancer has been a palliative treatment for patients with advanced liver cancer lacking surgical indications. Representative drugs include immune checkpoint inhibitors, regulators, tumor vaccines, and cellular immunotherapies. The effects of immunotherapy on liver cancer vary because of the heterogeneity of the tumors. Intestinal flora can affect the efficacy and side effects of immunotherapy for liver cancer by regulating host immunity. Therefore, applying probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and fecal transplantation to interfere with the intestinal flora is expected to become an important means of assisting immunotherapy for liver cancer. This article reviews publications that discuss the relationship between intestinal flora and immunotherapy for liver cancer and further clarifies the potential relationship between intestinal flora and immunotherapy for liver cancer.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) improved the prognosis of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH). Life-long treatment is required in PLWH and is accompanied by various metabolic ...abnormalities in the disease course. Data about the epidemiology and the dynamic changes of dyslipidemia in PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy were scarce in Asian countries. This study aimed to explore the risk factors of dyslipidemia and analyze the longitudinal changes of dyslipidemia among Chinese PLWH receiving HAART. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of PLWH enrolled in two large multicenter clinical trials across China, and outpatients followed at the clinic of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Demographic data and clinical parameters were collected. The risk factors and longitudinal changes in lipid profiles associated with HIV-1 infection were analyzed. The definition of dyslipidemia was made based on the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP) III guidelines. A total of 1542 PLWH were included. The median follow-up was 6 years. At baseline, the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were 4.1 + or - 0.91 mmol/L, 1.2 (interquartile ranges IQR 0.85-1.75) mmol/L, 1.1 + or - 0.37 and 2.4 + or - 0.76 mmol/L, respectively. The rate of hypercholesterolemia, hyperglyceridemia, high LDL-C, and low HDL-C were 10.18%, 26.39%, 9.08%, and 44.94%, respectively. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 69.3%, which raised to 84.3% after antiretroviral therapy, substantially higher. CD4/CD8 ratio < 0.3 and viral load > 10.sup.5 copies/mL were risk factors associated with any subtype of dyslipidemia. A negative correlation between CD8.sup.+CD38.sup.+ percentage and HDL-C concentration was found. The regimens including efavirenz (EFV) and tenofovir (TDF) showed better lipid profiles. Longitudinal analysis revealed that both the level and the percentage of abnormal TG and HDL-C occurred drastic change in the first 6 months after ART initiation (from 4.07 to 4.41, from 1.11 to 1.28mmol/L, from 26.39 to 31.1% and from 44.94 to 29.5%, respectively). The prevalence of dyslipidemia is high in PLWH and increases after ART, mainly represented as high TG and low HDL-C and associated with advanced stage of HIV-1 infection. The greatest changes in lipids occurred in the early stage after initiating ART therapy. The results suggest that dyslipidemia should be monitored and managed when starting ART.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hydatid disease, also known as echinococcosis, is an endemic zoonotic parasitic disease caused by larvae of the Echinococcus tapeworm.Humans as accidental intermediate hosts in the parasite life ...cycle, echinococcus usually parasitizes the liver, solitary cystic echinococcosis in the gallbladder is very rare. Here we report a rare case of cystic echinococcosis in the gallbladder without liver involvement. A female patient was admitted to the hospital primarily for “right upper abdominal pain with radiating pain in the back of the shoulder for 20 days”, initially suspected to be gallbladder stones, and underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy after completing the relevant investigations, and was diagnosed with primary cystic echinococcosis of the gallbladder based on the pathologic findings in the postoperative period. The patient recovered well after surgery and remained well without complications during the 6-month follow-up period. This case illustrates that echinococcus granulosus can also parasitize in the gallbladder only, although it is quite uncommon. In addition, it is difficult to distinguish it from gallbladder stones by conventional imaging. The diagnosis of some cases of gallbladder cystic echinococcosis is completed during surgery and confirmed by postoperative pathological results.
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•Echinococcus granulosus parasitizes only the gallbladder without involving the liver.•The clinical presentation of the patient in this case was similar to that of gallbladder stones.•Echinococcus granulosus of the gallbladder was confirmed by postoperative pathology.
Skin blood flux (SkBF) changes caused by drinking cold water are generally associated with vagal tone and osmotic factors in the digestive system. However, there is still a lack of relevant research ...on whether there are left and right differences in these SkBF change. In the current study, a total of 60 subjects were recruited. Skin blood perfusion of the bilateral lower extremities was recorded simultaneously before and after drinking saline of different temperatures saline by using Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The electrogastrogram (EGG) was also monitored, and the dominant frequency of the EGG and heart rate variability were analyzed. The results indicated that after drinking saline, the laterality index of SkBF at the lower extremities was different and the laterality index changes of SkBF were mainly reflected in the frequency interval V (0.4-1.6 Hz). There was a weak negative correlation between the laterality index of endothelial NO-dependent component and change rate of root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) after drinking 4 °C saline. However, after drinking 30 °C saline, there was a weak positive correlation between neurogenic component and RMSSD The distribution and regulation of bilateral blood flow are not symmetrical but exhibit a certain laterality.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy can present itself in the most varied clinical forms, with extremely variable electrocardiogram anomalies and presence of comorbidities with a significant systemic ...commitment. Guillain-Barré Syndrome concomitant with isolated right ventricular Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a rare entity. Here we present a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome who had electrocardiogram abnormalities consistent with isolated right ventricular Takotsubo cardiomyopathy which have not been described in literature. This case report may prompt early identification of right ventricular involvement in neurological comorbidities, especially if the electrocardiogram is not frankly suggestive of an acute ischemic condition linked to coronary artery disease.
A 37-year-old woman was misdiagnosed as acute coronary syndrome because of abnormally elevated troponin T level and electrocardiogram findings in the Emergency Department. Due to absence of any significant stenosis in the main coronary artery, the primary diagnosis was ruled out. Based on reanalysis of the ECG abnormalities, the patient was diagnosed as a case of isolated right ventricular Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in Guillain-Barré Syndrome. This case demonstrates the importance of electrocardiogram as a critical tool to identify isolated right ventricular Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Indeed, in this case, the electrocardiogram abnormalities were distributed beyond the territory of a single coronary artery distribution.
The described electrocardiogram findings of isolated right ventricular Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in Guillain-Barré Syndrome may facilitate identification of right ventricular involvement in neurological diseases.
Composition of the gut microbiota has been linked with human immunedeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Evidence suggests that ART-treated patients with poor CD4
...T-cell recovery have higher levels of microbial translocation and immune activation. However, the association of the gut microbiota and immune recovery remains unclear. We performed a cross-sectional study on 30 healthy controls (HC) and 61 HIV-infected individuals, including 15 immunological ART responders (IRs), 20 immunological ART non-responders (INRs) and 26 untreated individuals (VU). IR and INR groups were classified by CD4
T-cell counts of ≥350 cells/mm
and <350 cells/mm
after 2 years of ART, respectively. Each subject's gut microbiota composition was analyzed by metagenomics sequencing. Levels of CD4
T cells, CD8
HLA-DR
T cells and CD8
CD38
T cells were measured by flow cytometry. We identified more
and fewer
in HIV-infected individuals than in HC. Patients in INR group were enriched with
, unclassified
and
when compared with those in IR group.
and unclassified
were overrepresented in individuals in VU group with CD4
T-cell counts <350 cells/mm
. Moreover, we found that the relative abundance of unclassified
and
were positively correlated with CD8
HLA-DR
T-cell count and CD8
HLA-DR
/CD8
percentage. Our study has shown that gut microbiota changes were associated with CD4
T-cell counts and immune activation in HIV-infected subjects. Interventions to reverse gut dysbiosis and inhibit immune activation could be a new strategy for improving immune reconstitution of HIV-1-infected individuals.
Our previous study employed the classic laser Doppler flux (LDF) to explore the complexity of local blood flow signals and their relationship with heart rate variability (HRV). However, ...microcirculation blood flow is composed of different velocity components. To investigate the complexity of local speed-resolved perfusion and HRV following stimulation with different temperatures in healthy subjects, multiscale entropy (MSE) and multiscale fuzzy entropy (MFE) were used to measure the complexity of local speed-resolved perfusion signals. MSE was also used to evaluate the complexity of HRV. The results indicated that thermal stimulation increased all components of local speed-resolved perfusion and that stimulation with different temperatures resulted in different changes in the complexity area index. However, the same stimulation had no effect on the MSE of HRV. Further research showed that 44°C thermal stimulation resulted in a weak correlation between the composite speed-resolved perfusion and the HRV complexity. The current study provides a new approach for studying the relationship between speed-resolved perfusion signals and cardiac function.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Based on the fishery resource survey data from 2019 to 2022, the species composition and taxonomic diversity of fish in the East China Sea hairtail national aquatic germplasm resources conservation ...zone (ECSHZ) were studied through the analysis of 185 COI sequences. The results showed that the 185 fish samples collected belonged to 105 species, 21 orders, 46 families, and 89 genera in terms of their taxonomic status. There are discrepancies between morphological identification and genetic identification results for four fish species. The intraspecific genetic distance ranged from 0 % to 1.0 %, with an average value of 0.3 %. Meanwhile, the interspecies within genus distance ranged from 5.3 % to 22.7 %, with an average of 14.5 %. The outcomes of the division using Automatic Barcoding Gap Discovery (ABGD) and Bayesian phylogenetics and phylogeography (BPP) were concordant, identifying a total of 105 species groups. ABGD and BPP have shown that there was no overlap between intra-species variation and inter-species variation, supporting the existence of a barcoding gap. The results demonstrate the superiority of DNA barcoding in species identification. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method based on the COI gene, which revealed certain limitations of COI in representing phylogenetic relationships at the genus and higher taxonomic levels. Another phylogenetic tree was constructed using 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes with more genetic information, allowing for a better study of evolutionary relationships of ECSHZ fish species. The tree supported that Carangidae, Polynemidae, Paralichthyidae, Pleuronectidae, Sphyraenidae, and Cynoglossidae were clustered in an independent clade, with Priacanthidae and Lobotidae separating from Perciformes. This study offers DNA barcodes for ECSHZ fish species, providing crucial data support for conserving fish diversity.
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) therapy improves liver function in liver cirrhosis patients. This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism underlying cell therapy by analyzing ...changes in the modification and expression of proteins 1 month post-treatment with UC-MSCs. This prospective study included 11 cirrhosis patients who received MSC injection. The laboratory indexes before and after treatment were collected to evaluate the clinical treatment effect of UC-MSCs, and the protein expression and lactylation modification in the liver were comprehensively revealed. Meanwhile, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to analyze the co-expression protein modules and their relationship with clinical features. The patients with liver cirrhosis showed an improvement trend after receiving UC-MSC treatment; specifically, the liver protein synthesis function was significantly improved and the coagulation function was also significantly improved. Proteomics combined with lactic acid proteomics revealed 160 lysine lactylation (Kla) sites of 119 proteins. Functional analysis showed that the lactylation-modified proteins were enriched in the pathway of glucose and other substances’ metabolism, and many key enzymes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis were lactated. UC-MSC therapy has a certain clinical effect in the treatment of liver cirrhosis and may act by regulating material metabolism, because the lactylation protein points to energy metabolism.
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