Helminth infection and malaria remain major causes of ill-health in the tropics and subtropics. There are several shared risk factors (e.g., poverty), and hence, helminth infection and malaria ...overlap geographically and temporally. However, the extent and consequences of helminth-Plasmodium co-infection at different spatial scales are poorly understood.
This study was conducted in 92 schools across Côte d'Ivoire during the dry season, from November 2011 to February 2012. School children provided blood samples for detection of Plasmodium infection, stool samples for diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) and Schistosoma mansoni infections, and urine samples for appraisal of Schistosoma haematobium infection. A questionnaire was administered to obtain demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral data. Multinomial regression models were utilized to determine risk factors for STH-Plasmodium and Schistosoma-Plasmodium co-infection.
Complete parasitological and questionnaire data were available for 5,104 children aged 5-16 years. 26.2% of the children were infected with any helminth species, whilst the prevalence of Plasmodium infection was 63.3%. STH-Plasmodium co-infection was detected in 13.5% and Schistosoma-Plasmodium in 5.6% of the children. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that boys, children aged 10 years and above, and activities involving close contact to water were significantly and positively associated with STH-Plasmodium co-infection. Boys, wells as source of drinking water, and water contact were significantly and positively associated with Schistosoma-Plasmodium co-infection. Access to latrines, deworming, higher socioeconomic status, and living in urban settings were negatively associated with STH-Plasmodium co-infection; whilst use of deworming drugs and access to modern latrines were negatively associated with Schistosoma-Plasmodium co-infection.
More than 60% of the school children surveyed were infected with Plasmodium across Côte d'Ivoire, and about one out of six had a helminth-Plasmodium co-infection. Our findings provide a rationale to combine control interventions that simultaneously aim at helminthiases and malaria.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In Sardinia (Italy), bivalve molluscs production plays an important role in the trade balance. Diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), an intoxication caused by the ingestion of bivalve molluscs that ...have accumulated high levels of Okadaic acid (OA), may represent a serious risk for the public health and a remarkable economic loss for the producers. Aim of this work was to improve knowledge about the repeatability of OA accumulation phenomena in various seasons trying to understand whether or not there was a trend. Also, the interaction between toxic algae and OA accumulation was examined. In this study, data of lipophilic toxins, water temperature and abundance of DSP-producing microalgal species were collected in a four-year period (2015-2018) in coastal production areas of Sardinia. Several episodes of OA positive values (>160 eq μgAO/Kg pe, Reg 853/04) were recorded during the study period in different production areas of Sardinia and in different seasons. A seasonal repeatability of OA accumulation in molluscs was observed in some production areas; moreover, different temporal gaps between the presence of toxic algae and OA accumulation were reported. Toxicity was observed almost exclusively in
Lamark (99%), being this matrix the most abundant species bred in Sardinia.
Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni are blood flukes that cause urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis, respectively. In Côte d'Ivoire, both species are endemic and control efforts are ...being scaled up. Accurate knowledge of the geographical distribution, including delineation of high-risk areas, is a central feature for spatial targeting of interventions. Thus far, model-based predictive risk mapping of schistosomiasis has relied on historical data of separate parasite species.
We analyzed data pertaining to Schistosoma infection among school-aged children obtained from a national, cross-sectional survey conducted between November 2011 and February 2012. More than 5,000 children in 92 schools across Côte d'Ivoire participated. Bayesian geostatistical multinomial models were developed to assess infection risk, including S. haematobium-S. mansoni co-infection. The predicted risk of schistosomiasis was utilized to estimate the number of children that need preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel according to World Health Organization guidelines.
We estimated that 8.9% of school-aged children in Côte d'Ivoire are affected by schistosomiasis; 5.3% with S. haematobium and 3.8% with S. mansoni. Approximately 2 million annualized praziquantel treatments would be required for preventive chemotherapy at health districts level. The distinct spatial patterns of S. haematobium and S. mansoni imply that co-infection is of little importance across the country.
We provide a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis risk among school-aged children in Côte d'Ivoire and a strong empirical basis for a rational targeting of control interventions.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Two types of blood-dwelling parasitic worms that cause schistosomiasis (i.e.,
Schistosoma haematobium
and
Schistosoma mansoni
) are endemic in Côte d′Ivoire, West Africa. Reliable information on ...their geographical distribution is needed to plan and guide the national control program. Recently, control efforts have been intensified. There is a need to update risk maps that, historically, have been based on data specific to each type of parasite. In late 2011 and early 2012, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in 92 schools all over Côte d′Ivoire. We used Bayesian geostatistical multinomial models to estimate the risk for each infection, as well as co-infection. We estimated that slightly less than 10% of school-aged children are affected by schistosomiasis (5.3% with
S. haematobium
and 3.8% with
S. mansoni
). To control schistosomiasis with the deworming drug praziquantel, approximately 2 million treatments would be necessary each year. The distinct spatial patterns of
S. haematobium
and
S. mansoni
imply that co-infection with these two types of parasitic worms is rare across the country. Our results provide a detailed analysis of the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis risk among school-aged children in Côte d′Ivoire, which will inform the national control program for targeted interventions.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Parasitic infections are still of considerable public health relevance, notably among children in low- and middle-income countries. Measures to assess the magnitude of ill-health in infected ...individuals, however, are debated and patient-based proxies through generic health-related quality of life (HrQoL) instruments are among the proposed strategies. Disability estimates based on HrQoL are still scarce and conflicting, and hence, there is a need to strengthen the current evidence-base.
Between November 2011 and February 2012, a national school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Côte d'Ivoire. Children underwent parasitological and clinical examination to assess infection status with Plasmodium and helminth species and clinical parameters, and responded to a questionnaire interview incorporating sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported morbidity, and HrQoL. Validity analysis of the HrQoL instrument was performed, assessing floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency, and correlation with morbidity scores. Multivariate regression models were applied to identify significant associations between HrQoL and children's parasitic infection and clinical status.
Parasitological examination of 4,848 children aged 5-16 years revealed Plasmodium spp., hookworm, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura prevalences of 75.0%, 17.2%, 5.7%, 3.7%, 1.8%, and 1.3%, respectively. Anemic children showed a significant 1-point reduction in self-rated HrQoL on a scale from 0 to 100, whereas no significant negative association between HrQoL and parasite infection was observed. The 12-item HrQoL questionnaire proofed useful, as floor and ceiling effects were negligible, internally consistent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.71), and valid, as revealed by significant negative correlations and associations with children's self-reported and clinically assessed morbidity.
Our results suggest that HrQoL tools are not sufficiently sensitive to assess subtle morbidities due to parasitic infection in Ivorian school-aged children. However, more advanced morbid sequelae (e.g., anemia), were measurable by the instrument's health construct. Further investigations on health impacts of parasitic infection among school-aged children and refinement of generic HrQoL questionnaires are warranted.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In February 2022, the Emerging Thoracic Surgery Group of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery initiated a multicenter study on the surgical management of primary spontaneous ...pneumothorax (PSP). As a preliminary step, this survey was developed with the aim of finding out the current situation in our country to specify and direct this project.
A descriptive study was carried out based on the results of this survey launched through the Google Docs® platform. The survey was sent to all active national thoracic surgeons, a total of 319. It consisted of 20 questions including demographic, surgical and follow-up data.
We obtained 124 responses (39% of all specialists and doctors in training in the national territory). The most consistent indications were: homolateral recurrence for 124 (100%), lack of resolution of the episode for 120 (96.7%), risk professions for 104 (84%) and bilateral pneumothorax for 93 (75%). The approach of choice for 100% of respondents was videothoracoscopy. Of these, 96 contemplated pulmonary resection of obvious lesions (77%). Regarding the pleurodesis technique, pleural abrasion was the technique most used by 70 respondents (56.7%) while 49 (40%) performed chemical pleurodesis with talc either alone or in combination with mechanical pleurodesis.
While there is some consistency in some aspects of surgical management of PSP, this survey makes evident the variability in pleurodesis techniques applied among surgeons in our country.
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En febrero de 2022, el Grupo Emergente de Cirugía Torácica de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica inició un estudio multicéntrico sobre el manejo quirúrgico del ...neumotórax espontáneo primario (NEP). Como paso previo, se desarrolló esta encuesta cuyo objetivo fue conocer la situación actual en nuestro país, y así, concretar y dirigir dicho proyecto.
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo a partir de los resultados de esta encuesta lanzada a través de la plataforma Google Docs®. La encuesta se envió a todos los cirujanos torácicos nacionales en activo, un total de 319. Esta constaba de 20 preguntas que incluían datos demográficos, quirúrgicos y de seguimiento.
Se obtuvieron 124 respuestas (39% del conjunto de médicos especialistas y médicos en formación del territorio nacional). Las indicaciones más consistentes fueron: recidiva homolateral para 124 (100%), falta de resolución del episodio para 120 (96,7%), profesiones de riesgo para 104 (84%) y neumotórax bilateral para 93 (75%). El abordaje de elección para el 100% de los encuestados fue la videotoracoscopia. De estos, 96 contemplaban la resección pulmonar de las lesiones evidentes (77%). En relación con la técnica de pleurodesis, la abrasión pleural es la técnica más utilizada por 70 de los encuestados (56,7%), mientras que 49 (40%) realiza pleurodesis química con talco, bien sola, o en combinación con la pleurodesis mecánica.
Si bien hay cierta consistencia en algunos aspectos del manejo quirúrgico del NEP, esta encuesta hace evidente la variabilidad en cuanto a las técnicas de pleurodesis aplicadas entre los cirujanos de nuestro país.
In February 2022, the Emerging Thoracic Surgery Group of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery initiated a multicenter study on the surgical management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). As a preliminary step, this survey was developed with the aim of finding out the current situation in our country to specify and direct this project.
A descriptive study was carried out based on the results of this survey launched through the Google Docs® platform. The survey was sent to all active national thoracic surgeons, a total of 319. It consisted of 20 questions including demographic, surgical and follow-up data.
We obtained 124 responses (39% of all specialists and doctors in training in the national territory). The most consistent indications were: homolateral recurrence for 124 (100%), lack of resolution of the episode for 120 (96.7%), risk professions for 104 (84%) and bilateral pneumothorax for 93 (75%). The approach of choice for 100% of respondents was videothoracoscopy. Of these, 96 contemplated pulmonary resection of obvious lesions (77%). Regarding the pleurodesis technique, pleural abrasion was the technique most used by 70 respondents (56.7%) while 49 (40%) performed chemical pleurodesis with talc either alone or in combination with mechanical pleurodesis.
While there is some consistency in some aspects of surgical management of PSP, this survey makes evident the variability in pleurodesis techniques applied among surgeons in our country.
Resumen: Introducción: En febrero de 2022, el Grupo Emergente de Cirugía Torácica de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica inició un estudio multicéntrico sobre el manejo quirúrgico ...del neumotórax espontáneo primario (NEP). Como paso previo, se desarrolló esta encuesta cuyo objetivo fue conocer la situación actual en nuestro país, y así, concretar y dirigir dicho proyecto. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo a partir de los resultados de esta encuesta lanzada a través de la plataforma Google Docs®. La encuesta se envió a todos los cirujanos torácicos nacionales en activo, un total de 319. Esta constaba de 20 preguntas que incluían datos demográficos, quirúrgicos y de seguimiento. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 124 respuestas (39% del conjunto de médicos especialistas y médicos en formación del territorio nacional). Las indicaciones más consistentes fueron: recidiva homolateral para 124 (100%), falta de resolución del episodio para 120 (96,7%), profesiones de riesgo para 104 (84%) y neumotórax bilateral para 93 (75%). El abordaje de elección para el 100% de los encuestados fue la videotoracoscopia. De estos, 96 contemplaban la resección pulmonar de las lesiones evidentes (77%). En relación con la técnica de pleurodesis, la abrasión pleural es la técnica más utilizada por 70 de los encuestados (56,7%), mientras que 49 (40%) realiza pleurodesis química con talco, bien sola, o en combinación con la pleurodesis mecánica. Conclusiones: Si bien hay cierta consistencia en algunos aspectos del manejo quirúrgico del NEP, esta encuesta hace evidente la variabilidad en cuanto a las técnicas de pleurodesis aplicadas entre los cirujanos de nuestro país. Abstract: Introduction: In February 2022, the Emerging Thoracic Surgery Group of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery initiated a multicenter study on the surgical management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). As a preliminary step, this survey was developed with the aim of finding out the current situation in our country to specify and direct this project. Method: A descriptive study was carried out based on the results of this survey launched through the Google Docs® platform. The survey was sent to all active national thoracic surgeons, a total of 319. It consisted of 20 questions including demographic, surgical and follow-up data. Results: We obtained 124 responses (39% of all specialists and doctors in training in the national territory). The most consistent indications were: homolateral recurrence for 124 (100%), lack of resolution of the episode for 120 (96.7%), risk professions for 104 (84%) and bilateral pneumothorax for 93 (75%). The approach of choice for 100% of respondents was videothoracoscopy. Of these, 96 contemplated pulmonary resection of obvious lesions (77%). Regarding the pleurodesis technique, pleural abrasion was the technique most used by 70 respondents (56.7%) while 49 (40%) performed chemical pleurodesis with talc either alone or in combination with mechanical pleurodesis. Conclusions: While there is some consistency in some aspects of surgical management of PSP, this survey makes evident the variability in pleurodesis techniques applied among surgeons in our country.
Data about clinical-laboratory features and outcome of antiphospholipid syndrome nephropathy (APSN) in the course of lupus nephritis (LN) are scarce. To determine prevalence, clinical correlations ...and outcome of APSN in patients with LN, retrospective analysis of renal specimens and review of medical records from 48 LN patients were performed. APSN was found in 12/48 (25 %) of LN. Positivity for lupus anticoagulant (LAC) and double antiphospholipids positivity LAC plus anticardiolipin (aCL) were significantly more frequent in APSN-LN (
p
= 0.02 and
p
= 0.01, respectively) than in LN, while single aCL positivity was not. Overt antiphospholipid syndrome appeared more frequent in patients with APSN-LN (
p
= 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between APSN-LN and LN in the proportion of each World Health Organization class of LN (with the exception of a trend toward fewer Class III LN in APS-LN) and in the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease duration and severity. At the time of renal biopsy, patients with APSN-LN had median serum creatinine levels significantly higher than patients with LN 1.45 (0.6–6.6) vs. 1.00 (0.7–3.0),
p
= 0.02. Double antiphospholipid positivity was the only variable significantly associated with APSN-LN at multivariate regression analysis (OR 8, 95 % CI 1.7–37,
p
= 0,008). APSN-LN and LN did not differ significantly as regards the rate of complete (25 vs. 19.4 %,
p
= 0.72) and partial treatment response (25 vs. 29 %,
p
= 0.82) at 6 months and the progression to end-stage renal disease after a median follow-up of 8.1 ± 3.6 years (16.6 vs. 13.8 %,
p
= 0.82). APSN was demonstrated in a quart of LN, appeared to be independent from underlying LN class and SLE severity, and did not seem to confer a worse prognosis to LN. The findings of higher creatinine and more interstitial fibrosis in APSN should be confirmed in future prospective larger studies.
There is limited knowledge on the malaria burden of school-aged children in Côte d'Ivoire. The aim of this study was to assess Plasmodium falciparum infection, malaria-related morbidity, use of ...preventive measures and treatment against malaria, and physical access to health structures among school-aged children across Côte d'Ivoire.
A national, cross-sectional study was designed, consisting of clinical and parasitological examinations and interviews with schoolchildren. More than 5,000 children from 93 schools in Côte d'Ivoire were interviewed to determine household socioeconomic status, self-reported morbidity and means of malaria prevention and treatment. Finger-prick blood samples were collected and Plasmodium infection and parasitaemia determined using Giemsa-stained blood films and a rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Haemoglobin levels and body temperature were measured. Children were classified into wealth quintiles using household assets and principal components analysis (PCA). The concentration index was employed to determine significant trends of health variables according to wealth quintiles. Logistic and binomial negative regression analyses were done to investigate for associations between P. falciparum prevalence and parasitaemia and any health-related variable.
The prevalence of P. falciparum was 73.9% according to combined microscopy and RDT results with a geometric mean of parasitaemia among infected children of 499 parasites/μl of blood. Infection with P. falciparum was significantly associated with sex, socioeconomic status and study setting, while parasitaemia was associated with age. The rate of bed net use was low compared to the rate of bed net ownership. Preventive measures (bed net ownership, insecticide spray and the reported use of malaria treatment) were more frequently mentioned by children from wealthier households who were at lower risk of P. falciparum infection. Self-reported morbidity (headache) and clinical morbidity (anaemia) were more often reported by children from less wealthy households.
Seven out of ten school-aged children in Côte d'Ivoire are infected with P. falciparum and malaria-related morbidity is considerable. Furthermore, this study points out that bed net usage is quite low and there are important inequalities in preventive measures and treatment. These results can guide equity-oriented malaria control strategies in Côte d'Ivoire.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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