As part of ongoing work on the Flora of the Southeastern United States (Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team 2023) and related projects, as well as for general floristic, conservation, and scientific ...work in eastern North America, it is essential to document taxonomic and nomenclatural changes and significant distribution records. Here, we propose six new species of graminoids (two Rhynchospora, three Dichanthelium, and one Anatherum)—five from fire-maintained pine savannas and embedded wetlands of the southeastern Coastal Plain and one from the floristically and ecologically related fire-maintained pine savannas of North Andros Island in The Bahamas. We provide rationale and documentation for the “taxonomic resurrection” of Vaccinium ashei, an economically important member of Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus, based on morphology, estimation of ploidy level with flow cytometry, and phylogenomic analysis based on high-throughput DNA sequencing. We make four new combinations in Convolvulus to accommodate the inclusion of Calystegia in Convolvulus to resolve paraphyly. We also make six new combinations necessary to recognize sect. Leptopogon of Andropogon at generic rank, as Anatherum, based on the phylogenetic work of other researchers and the previously incomplete transfer of recognized species to Anatherum, providing the needed names to recognize this group of species in genus Anatherum in North American floristic treatments. We document the surprising discovery of Carex lutea, previously believed to be endemic to two counties in eastern North Carolina, in two counties in the panhandle of Florida, and a county in eastern South Carolina—discoveries aided by iNaturalist and Facebook. We document new states as being within the distribution ranges of additional species: Quercus similis (Florida), Juncus brachycephalus (Arkansas and Missouri), Rhexia mariana var. mariana (Ohio), Asarum acuminatum and Elionurus tripsacoides (Alabama), and Mecardonia procumbens (Georgia). Other important distributional records, many representing rediscoveries of conservationally significant, extant populations of plants previously considered of only historical occurrence in a state, are also reported: Alabama (Arnica acaulis, Asclepias connivens, Berberis canadensis, Bulbostylis warei, Ctenodon viscidulus, Parnassia grandifolia, and Pinguicula pumila) and Georgia and Florida (Lobelia boykinii).
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
As part of ongoing efforts to understand, document, and conserve the flora of southeastern North America, we propose a number of taxonomic changes, nomenclatural changes, interpretations of nativity, ...and distributional accounts. Regarding the Asaroideae (Aristolochiaceae), we support continued recognition of Hexastylis (and other segregates of a very broad Asarum s.l.) at generic rank and make the necessary combinations to continue the use of Hexastylis in southeastern North America floras. In Conoclinium (Asteraceae), we present morphological and distributional evidence corroborating the recent suggestion (based on molecular evidence) that Chapman’s 1878 C. dichotomum is distinct, warrants recognition, and is present as a second Conoclinium in the southeastern North American flora. An analysis of historical accounts of Gaillardia pulchella (Asteraceae) strongly suggests that its modern occurrence east of Texas is adventive, rather than native. Two rare southeastern United States skullcaps, Scutellaria mellichampii and S. ocmulgee (Lamiaceae), have been persistently confused with one another and other species; we present a reassessment of the taxonomic distinction between them, best ways to distinguish them and similar species, and their known distributions. A reassessment of the taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of Linum carteri (Linaceae), a rare southern Florida endemic, confirms that two species should be recognized by modern species concepts; we make the necessary new combination to effect the recognition of two narrowly endemic species. In Andropogon (Poaceae), we propose that A. virginicus var. decipiens warrants recognition as distinct at species rank from other entities in the Andropogon virginicus complex. We also present more comprehensive information on the distributions of four species of “bushy bluestems” (Andropogon glomeratus s.l.), their ecology, and their practical recognition. In the Violaceae, modern reassessment of the taxonomy of many species (especially in the genus Viola) by H.E. Ballard, Jr. and collaborators have been vexed by uncertain application of many “old” names; we here provide a first installment of typifications and nomenclatural interpretations needed to move forward with a modern treatment of the genus in our region. In Xyris (Xyridaceae), we re-establish the generally ignored X. elliottii var. stenotera based on careful and extensive study of its morphology and ecology in comparison to X. elliottii var. elliottii, including a transplant study. English naturalist Mark Catesby (1683–1749) has been honored by having a genus and fifteen species of plants named for him, but most of these honorific names have been constructed in manners contrary to the Shenzhen Code; as these are “errors to be corrected,” we therefore propose to correct and standardize these honorifics by restoring his name ‘catesby-‘ as the root of the names. Similarly, in seven names (variably formed) employed by W.W Ashe to honor his cousin and (later) wife Margaret Haywood Henry (Wilcox) (Ashe), we also standardize and correct the root of the names to be accurately based on her name, ‘margaret-,’ in conformance with the Shenzhen Code.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
As part of ongoing efforts to understand, document, and conserve the flora of southeastern North America, we propose a number of taxonomic changes, nomenclatural changes, interpretations of nativity, ...and distributional accounts. Regarding the Asaroideae (Aristolochiaceae), we support continued recognition of Hexastylis (and other segregates of a very broad Asarum s.l.) at generic rank and make the necessary combinations to continue the use of Hexastylis in southeastern North America floras. In Conoclinium (Asteraceae), we present morphological and distributional evidence corroborating the recent suggestion (based on molecular evidence) that Chapman's 1878 C. dichotomum is distinct, warrants recognition, and is present as a second Conoclinium in the southeastern North American flora. An analysis of historical accounts of Gaillardia pulchella (Asteraceae) strongly suggests that its modern occurrence east of Texas is adventive, rather than native. Two rare southeastern United States skullcaps, Scutellaria mellichampii and S. ocmulgee (Lamiaceae), have been persistently confused with one another and other species; we present a reassessment of the taxonomic distinction between them, best ways to distinguish them and similar species, and their known distributions. A reassessment of the taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of Linum carteri (Linaceae), a rare southern Florida endemic, confirms that two species should be recognized by modern species concepts; we make the necessary new combination to effect the recognition of two narrowly endemic species. In Andropogon (Poaceae), we propose that A. virginicus var. decipiens warrants recognition as distinct at species rank from other entities in the Andropogon virginicus complex. We also present more comprehensive information on the distributions of four species of "bushy bluestems" (Andropogon glomeratus s.l.), their ecology, and their practical recognition. In the Violaceae, modern reassessment of the taxonomy of many species (especially in the genus Viola) by H.E. Ballard, Jr. and collaborators have been vexed by uncertain application of many "old" names; we here provide a first installment of typifications and nomenclatural interpretations needed to move forward with a modern treatment of the genus in our region. In Xyris (Xyridaceae), we re-establish the generally ignored X. elliottii var. stenotera based on careful and extensive study of its morphology and ecology in comparison to X. elliottii var. elliottii, including a transplant study. English naturalist Mark Catesby (1683–1749) has been honored by having a genus and fifteen species of plants named for him, but most of these honorific names have been cons tructed in manners contrary to the Shenzhen Code; as these are "errors to be corrected," we therefore propose to correct and standardize these honorifics by restoring his name "catesby-" as the root of the names. Similarly, in seven names (variably formed) employed by W.W Ashe to honor his cousin and (later) wife Margaret Haywood Henry (Wilcox) (Ashe), we also standardize and correct the root of the names to be accurately based on her name, "margaret-," in conformance with the Shenzhen Code.
Como parte de los esfuerzos en marcha para entender, documentar, y conservar la flora del sudeste de Norte América, proponemos un número de cambios taxonómicos, nomenclaturales, interpretaciones de ser autóctonas, y datos de distribución. En relación con Asaroideae (Aristolochiaceae), continuamos reconociendo en el rango genérico Hexastylis (y otros segregados del muy amplio Asarum s.l.) y hacemos las combinaciones necesarias para continuar con el uso de Hexastylis en la flora del sudeste de Norte América. En Conoclinium (Asteraceae), presentamos pruebas morfológicas y de distribución que corroboran la reciente sugestión (basada en pruebas moleculares) que C. dichotomum de Chapman 1878 es distinta, merece reconocimiento, y está presente como una segunda Conoclinium en la flora del sudeste de Norte América. Un análisis de las citas históricas de Gaillardia pulchella (Asteraceae) sugiere fuertemente que su moderna ocurrencia en el este de Texas es adventicia, en vez de nativa. Dos especies raras del sudeste de Estados Unidos, Scutellaria mellichampii y S. ocmulgee (Lamiaceae), han sido permanentemente confundidas con otra y otras especies; presentamos una reevaluación de la distinción taxonómica entre ellas, el mejor modo de distinguirlas entre ellas y con especies similares, y sus distribuciones conocidas. Una reevaluación de la taxonomía, distribución, y ecología de Linum carteri (Linaceae), un endemismo raro del sur de Florida, confirma que deben reconocerse dos especies según los modernos conceptos de especie; hacemos las nuevas combinaciones necesarias para efectuar el reconocimiento de dos especies endémicas restringidas. En Andropogon (Poaceae), proponemos que A. virginicus var. decipiens precisa reconocimiento en el rango de especie como distinta de otras entidades en el complejo Andropogon virginicus. También presentamos información más completa de las distribuciones de cuatro especies de "bushy bluestems" (Andropogon glomeratus s.l.), su ecología, y su reconocimiento práctico. En la revaluación moderna de la taxonomía de Violaceae, muchas especies (especialmente en el género Viola) por H.E. Ballard, Jr. y colaboradores han sido controvertidas por la aplicación incierta de muchos nombres "viejos"; aquí aportamos una primera entrega de tipificaciones y las interpretaciones nomenclaturales necesarias para avanzar con un tratamiento moderno del género en nuestra región. En Xyris (Xyridaceae), reestablecemos la generalmente ignorada X. elliottii var. stenotera basados en un estudio cuidadoso y extensivo de su morfología y ecología en comparación con X. elliottii var. elliottii, incluyendo un estudio de trasplantes. El naturalista inglés Mark Catesby (1683–1749) ha sido distinguido por tener un género y quince especies de plantas nombradas por él, pero la mayor parte de estos nombres honoríficos han sido construidos de un modo contario al Código de Shenzhen; como estos son "errores a ser corregidos," proponemos por ello corregir y estandardizarlos restaurando su nombre 'catesby-' como raíz de los nombres. Similarmente, en siete nombres (formados variablemente) empleados por W.W Ashe para honrar a su prima y (posterior) esposa Margaret Haywood Henry (Wilcox) (Ashe), también estandarizamos y corregimos la raíz de nombres para que estén basados con precisión en su nombre, 'margaret-,' de acuerdo con el Código de Shenzhen.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
As part of ongoing efforts to understand and document the flora of the southeastern United States, we propose a number of taxonomic changes and report a distributional record. In Rhynchospora ...(Cyperaceae), we elevate the well-marked R. glomerata var. angusta to species rank. In Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae), we report a state distributional record for Mississippi for D. celsa, filling a range gap. In Oenothera (Onagraceae), we continue the reassessment of the Oenothera fruticosa complex and elevate O. fruticosa var. unguiculata to species rank. In Eragrostis (Poaceae), we address typification issues. In the Trilliaceae, Trillium undulatum is transferred to Trillidium, providing a better correlation of taxonomy with our current phylogenetic understanding of the family.
Como parte de los esfuerzos en marcha para comprender y documentar la flora del sureste de los Estados Unidos, proponemos un número de cambios taxonómicos y aportamos un registro de distribución. En Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae), elevamos la bien marcada R. glomerata var. angusta al rango específico. En Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae), aportamos las citaciones a nivel estatal para Mississippi de D. celsa, llenando un hueco en su distribución. En Oenothera (Onagraceae), continuamos la revaloración del complejo Oenothera fruticosa y elevamos O. fruticosa var. unguiculata al rango de especie. En Eragrostis (Poaceae), tratamos de las tipificaciones. En Trilliaceae, Trillium undulatum se transfiere a Trillidium, aportando una correlación mayor entre la taxonomía y nuestro actual conocimiento de filogenético de la familia.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
As part of ongoing efforts to understand and document the flora of the southeastern United States, a number of taxonomic changes at generic, specific, and infraspecific rank are made. We also discuss ...and clarify the recommended taxonomy for other taxa (not requiring nomenclatural acts) and present a point of view about the practical and philosophic basis for making taxonomic changes in an allegedly well-understood flora. The genera (and families) affected are Endodeca (Aristolochiaceae), Erigeron, Pityopsis, and Solidago (Asteraceae), Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae), Carex (Cyperaceae), Baptisia and Indigofera (Fabaceae), Salvia and Scutellaria (Lamiaceae), Stenanthium (Melanthiaceae), Epidendrum (Orchidaceae), and Andropogon, Coleataenia, Dichanthelium, Digitaria, and Panicum (Poaceae). Como parte de los esfuerzos para entender y documentar la flora del sureste de Estados Unidos, se han realizado cierto número de cambios taxonómicos a nivel genérico, específico e infraespecífico. También hemos discutido y clarificado la taxonomía recomendada para otros taxones (que no requiere acciones nomenclaturales) y hemos presentado un punto de vista sobre los principios básicos para la realización de cambios taxonómicos en la presuntamente bien conocida flora. Los géneros (y familias) implicados son Endodeca (Aristolochiaceae), Erigeron, Pityopsis, y Solidago (Asteraceae), Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae), Carex (Cyperaceae), Baptisia e Indigofera (Fabaceae), Salvia y Scutellaria (Lamiaceae), Stenanthium (Melanthiaceae), Epidendrum (Orchidaceae), y Andropogon, Coleataenia, Dichanthelium, Digitaria, y Panicum (Poaceae).
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The name of André Michaux is associated with 742 vascular plant type specimens he collected in North America during the 1790s. While most of these species are widespread and familiar to most ...botanists, many are uncommon or rare. A selection of 19 rare Michaux plants are included here, with notes on taxonomy, present and past distribution, habitat, rarity status in each state, general population numbers and trends, and threats. The 19 species represent 17 plant families. The species vary from highly restricted endemics to geographically widespread; two of the species are Federally Endangered; nine are Federal Species of Concern. This small selection of plants stands tribute to the remarkable Michaux legacy of frontier exploration and botanical discovery.
Papers on the phytogeography of the North American coastal plain are poorly represented in the botanical literature, despite the fact that the coastal plain is one of the continent's major floristic ...provinces. Some authors have discussed plant distribution and/or endemism for local regions, but none have treated the coastal plain as a whole. We synthesized data from many sources and have compiled lists of all endemic families, genera, species, and infraspecific taxa. Analysis of these lists, and of county-level range maps, yields recurring patterns of species distributions. We define and map 27 such patterns and list representative taxa for each. The boundaries of many of these patterns appear to circumscribe centers of endemism. We discuss underlying reasons for the high diversity and endemism in the coastal plain, as well as the geographical derivation of the endemics, the age of the flora, and the role of past geological events.
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