The wild species of rice,
Oryza rufipogon
, is a source of genetic variation for yield-enhancing traits and blast resistance. With the objective to genetically enhance the elite rice cultivar, ‘Samba ...Mahsuri’, a set of 192 BC
2
F
2
and BC
2
F
3
lines developed from
O. rufipogon
was characterized for yield-enhancing traits and blast resistance. The study revealed the presence of significant genetic variability and transgressive segregation for productive tillers, spikelets per panicle, and grain yield per plant. The study also identified several introgression lines superior to the recurrent parent for yield enhancing traits and blast resistance. Molecular characterization of 26 blast resistant lines identified multiple blast resistance genes in IL-136
Pib
,
Pi
9 (t),
Pi54
,
Pi
38,
Pitp
and
Pi
20(t), IL-3
Pib
,
Pi54
,
Pi
38,
Pitp
and
Pi
20(t), and IL-140
Pib
,
Pi
9(t),
Pi54
,
Pi38
, and
Pitp
. Based on the performance of yield-enhancing traits and blast resistance, seven lines (IL-27, IL-28, IL-29, IL-72, IL-139, IL-158 and IL-171) showed merit. Estimation of the recovery of the recurrent parental genome by using 117 polymorphic SSR markers revealed that recurrent-parental genome recovery varied from 54.0 (IL-158) to 92.3% (IL-27). These promising, high-yielding introgression lines with multiple blast-resistance genes can serve as important genetic resources for yield and blast resistance improvement in rice, especially for the southern India.
Rhabdomyolysis-associated Acute Kidney Injury Subashri, Mohanasundaram; Sujit, S; Thirumalvalavan, K ...
Indian journal of nephrology,
2023 Mar-Apr, Letnik:
33, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Acute kidney injury represents one of the most severe complications of rhabdomyolysis.
We performed a prospective observational study to analyze the etiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory ...profile, and outcome in patients with biopsy-proven pigment-induced nephropathy between January 2017 and September 2019. History, clinical examination findings, laboratory investigations, and outcomes were recorded.
A total of 26 patients were included. Mean age was 34.81 ± 11.89 years. Mean peak serum creatinine was 6.79 ± 4.07 mg/dL. Median values of Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were 12500 U/L (3187, 17167.50) and 447 U/L (354.50, 908.75), respectively. Of the patients presenting with rhabdomyolysis, 12 patients (46%) had traumatic causes and 14 patients (54%) had nontraumatic causes. Nontraumatic etiology of rhabdomyolysis included seizures (1), wasp sting (1), paraphenylenediamine ingestion (2), rat killer ingestion (2), leptospirosis (2), dehydration (3), acute limb ischemia (1), Gloriosa superba ingestion (1), and prolonged immobilization (1). On renal biopsy, 16 patients had myoglobin cast nephropathy and one had immunoglobulin A deposits in addition to pigment nephropathy. Twenty (76.9%) were initiated on hemodialysis, and two patients (7.6%) were treated with peritoneal dialysis and four patients (15.5%) were treated with forced alkaline diuresis. A total of four patients died (15.4%) due to sepsis/disseminated intravascular coagulation and respiratory failure. At the mean follow-up of 6 months, two patients (7.7%) progressed to chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Rhabdomyolysis-associated acute kidney injury is an important cause of renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy. In our study, it was more common in males. Traumatic and nontraumatic causes played an equal causative role. Most of the patients recovered from AKI. Forced alkaline diuresis was found useful in nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis AKI.
Background: Infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN) is an important source of renal morbidity with adverse outcomes in adults. Data from large centers in India is lacking on this common, yet ...poorly understood entity. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective observational study of all patients diagnosed with IRGN at our center over a 3-year period between 2017 and 2019. "Typical IRGN" patients were diagnosed based on clinical and laboratory assessment; others underwent renal biopsy. Renal and patient survival outcomes were assessed in addition to factors that help predict outcomes. Results: One hundred and twenty-five patients with a diagnosis of IRGN were included in the study, including 86 patients who underwent renal biopsy. This represented 24% of all biopsies during this time period, and IRGN was the most common nondiabetic kidney disease identified in diabetic biopsies at our center. Female preponderance and a seasonal variation were striking. Atypical sources of infection like otomycosis, tooth abscess, and dengue virus infection were noted. Male gender and diabetes were important risk factors for severe disease. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), atypical serum complement profiles, and comorbid illnesses were common in adults. Though children had more benign disease and outcomes, life-threatening complications were also noted. C3 dominance was the most striking immunofluorescence (IF) finding and was associated with poorer outcomes. Crescentic IRGN was rare, and four cases of IgA-dominant IRGN were noted. Also, 24% of the cohort required renal replacement therapy. RPGN presentation of IRGN portended worst prognosis with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in 31% and death in 22% of patients. Conclusion: IRGN is a common clinical entity in adults with the potential for adverse renal and survival outcomes. We have identified clinical and biopsy characteristics that are associated with ESRD and death.
A 38-year-old woman, diagnosed as Person Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) for three years, presented with features of fever, rashes, ...joint pain, dyspnea and pedal edema. On evaluation, a diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Lupus Nephritis (LN) triggered by HIV infection was made based on clinical and serological evidence. She was continued on HAART, and immuno-suppressive therapy was co-administered resulting in the resolution of her symptoms. Lupus-like histopathological findings have been reported in patients with HIV-related kidney diseases. This case report is to highlight the co-existence of LN in a patient with HIV infection.
Metabolic acidosis is a prevalent yet overlooked entity among renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and incurs adverse effects on graft function. Although graft dysfunction and calcineurin inhibitor ...usage have been linked with renal tubular acidosis (RTA), there is no Indian data on prevalence or risk factors of post-transplant acidosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 106 adult RTRs, with a transplant duration of >6 months and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >40 ml/min/1.73 m2. Acidosis was diagnosed on basis of plasma bicarbonate and arterial pH. Serum and urine electrolytes with anion gap were determined to diagnose and type RTA. Acidosis was diagnosed in 44 of 106 patients (41.5%) with 23 (52.27%) having severe acidosis. Type I RTA was the most common subtype (52.5%) followed by type IV (30.9%) and type II RTA (7.5%). The correlation between estimated glomerular filtration rate and acidosis was minimally linear (r = 0.1088), with multivariate analysis revealing previous acute rejection episodes, current serum tacrolimus levels, cotrimoxazole usage and intake of animal proteins to be independent risk factors. The serum albumin levels were low in the acidosis group and showed linear correlation with bicarbonate levels (r = 0.298). There is a high prevalence of metabolic acidosis in RTRs with type I RTA being most common subtype. Screening of RTRs on a regular basis is a feasible approach for early diagnosis and intervention. However, prospective studies are needed to demonstrate the effect of acidosis on graft survival and benefit of bicarbonate therapy in RTRs.
Introduction: Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is a distinct morphologic pattern of proliferative renal parenchymal injury. It differ from focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) by clinicopathologic ...pattern and its adverse outcome. The clinical significance of CG in renal allograft biopsies is not yet clear due to scant data and less occurrence of CG in renal transplant recipients. We conducted this single-center retrospective study to evaluate the prevalence, clinicopathological features, and outcome of post renal transplant CG. Subjects and Methods: We studied 127 renal allograft biopsies performed over a period of 45 months (Jan 2015-Oct 2018). A diagnosis of CG was made if at least one glomerulus demonstrated global or segmental collapse of the glomerular capillary walls, associated marked hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of the overlying visceral epithelial cells. We analyzed clinical, biochemical, and pathological characteristics and its impact on renal allograft outcome. Statistical analysis was performed and continuous variables were expressed as means ± standard deviation (SD) or medians (interquartile range and noncontinuous data were expressed in percentage and numerical values. Results: The prevalence of CG was 5.3% (7/127) of allograft biopsies. Out of the seven patients, six patients had undergone live donor transplant and one patient had undergone deceased donor renal transplant. The native kidney disease was unknown in these patients except one (IgA nephropathy). The median duration of diagnosis for CG was 17 months after transplantation (range 5-132months). Presenting symptoms were pedal edema and hypertension in 71.4% (5) patients each. All patients had proteinuria of more than 1 gm and renal allograft dysfunction and median serum creatinine of 3.05 mg/dl (1.5-4.8 mg/dl). All patients received standard triple immunosuppression. Over a period of 2-20 months, 57.14% (4) patients developed a graft failure and 43% (3) of the other patients had functioning grafts with serum creatinine of 1.5-4.2 mg/dl. Conclusions: CG presents with moderate to severe proteinuria and may lead to rapid graft dysfunction and subsequent graft failure in most of the patients.
Dry weight assessment in dialysis patients remains a challenging endeavor owing to the limitations of the available methods for volume assessment. Lung ultrasound is emerging as an invaluable tool to ...assist in the appropriate assessment and assignment of dry weight. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the reliability of clinical signs and symptoms for volume assessment, (2) to compare lung ultrasound with High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) chest-A noninvasive gold standard tool for detecting pulmonary congestion and with inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) - another time-tested volume assessment method, and (3) to analyze if lung ultrasound could detect dialysis induced fluid status variations. The cross-sectional study involves 50 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Lung ultrasound for B line estimation and ultrasonographic measurement of IVCD performed before and after hemodialysis by a nephrologist trained in ultrasonography. Limited HRCT was obtained just before hemodialysis. Edema, crackles, and dyspnea had a poor sensitivity of 37.9%, 11.5%, and 52.6%, respectively, to detect clinically significant pulmonary congestion by lung ultrasound. A highly significant correlation was obtained between B-line score and HRCT signs of pulmonary congestion (P < 0.001) before dialysis. B lines showed statistically significant reduction with dialysis. The absolute reduction of B lines showed significant correlation with ultrafiltration volume and weight loss. Bedside lung ultrasound appears a sensitive tool for evaluating real-time changes in extravascular lung water and would serve to optimize volume status in dialysis patients.
Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) usually presents with reduced glomerular filtration rate, heavy proteinuria and has unfavorable prognosis. Numerous associations with CG are found. We encountered a ...case of CG associated with pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with proteinuria and dialysis-requiring severe renal failure. Our patient made partial recovery of his renal function and became dialysis-independent after antituberculous therapy and oral steroids. Long-term follow-up is needed to assess the progression of the disease.
A 28-year-old male, 3 years post renal transplant with stable graft function, presented with vomiting for 2 days. He had graft dysfunction and graft biopsy done revealed acute cell - mediated ...rejection BANFF-IA. After receiving glucocorticoids for rejection, he developed severe enterocolitis and impending respiratory failure. Chest X-ray and computed tomography of the chest revealed miliary mottling. Evaluation showed presence of filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis in the stool and sputum. A diagnosis of Strongyloides Hyperinfection Syndrome (SHS) was made. After a prolonged course of treatment with noninvasive ventilation, broad-spectrum antimicrobials, parenteral ivermectin and oral albendazole therapy, he eventually recovered. This case report is to highlight that Strongyloides Hyperinfection Syndrome should also be considered in the differential in any immunocompromised patient presenting with miliary mottling in imaging.
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